New Record of Ariomma brevimanum (Klunzinger, 1884) (Perciformes: Ariommatidae) from Indian Waters

Nine specimens (584–670 mm standard length) of Ariomma brevimanum (Klunzinger 1884) were collected from the Cochin Fishing Harbour (south-eastern Arabian Sea) in 2016. Morphometric and meristic parameters, along with the DNA barcoding confirmed the identity of the specimens. The majority of the proportional morphometric measurement and meristic counts were concurrent with the previous description of A. brevimanus: body elongated (depth at first dorsal and second dorsal fin origin was about 22.8–25.2% and 22.0–22.7%of the standard length respectively); first dorsal fin with XI spine and second dorsal fin with I spine and 15 rays; anal fin with II spine and 15 rays; pectoral fin with 22–24 rays; scales large, cycloid, thin and deciduous; lateral line with 52–55 pored scales; pre-dorsal scale patch extending to about the hind margin of the eye; pre-opercular margin angular; horizontal eye diameter 18–22% of head length; gill rakers, 30–32 on first gill arch. In the present study, the partial sequences of the mitochondrial COI gene of A. brevimanum were generated. The analysis using the sequences of the COI gene produced a phylogenetic tree considering the maximum likelihood tree showed distinct clustering among species of Ariomma and revealed an identical phylogenetic relationship. The present study represents the first record for Indian waters, as well as the south-eastern Arabian Sea record of this species

Catch composition and discards in set bagnets of Karanja Estuary, Raigad, Maharashtra

Dol netting is one of the major fishing methods used mainly by traditional fishermen of Maharashtra. Study of catch composition of dol nets operated in Karanja Estuary of Raigad district, Maharashtra was carried out during September 2016 - May 2017. A total of ten single-day dol-netters were selected for the purpose of this study. Fortnightly on-board sampling and questionnaire-based sampling were carried out to fulfil the objectives of the study. The number of fishing days per month ranged from 12-16 due to tide-based restrictions. Dol net catch comprised 50 species of fin fishes, 3 species of elasmobranchs, 13 species of shrimps, 10 species of crabs, 5 species of cephalopods, 2 species of jellyfish, 4 species of sea snakes, 1 species of lobster and 2 species of stomatopods. Major catch composition of dol nets recorded during the study included Acetes indicus, Arius maculatus, Charybdis callianassa , Chrysaora Caliparea, Coilia dussumieri , Harpadon nehereus , Lepturacanthus savala , Miyakella nepa, Mystus gulio and Parapenaeopsis sculptilis. Significant discards such as jellyfishes, juveniles of several fishes and plastics were recorded in the dol nets operated in the Karanja estuar

Design and operational parameters of dol nets operated in Bhayander Estuary, Maharashtra

Bhayander estuary is a very sensitive ecosystem due to the disposal of industrial effluents and heavy load due to urbanisation, but still it hold stand firmly as the breeding and nursery ground for many commercially important species of Maharashtra and the dol net fishery in this region provides a source of livelihood to the traditional fishermen. The overall size of dol net operated in this estuary varied from 12 to 14 m and the numbers of dol nets/vessel varied from one to three. The mesh size of the dol nets varied between 8 to 160 mm across its different parts from cod end towards mouth of the net. The average number of fishing days of single-day dol netters per month varied from 12 to 16 days. Maximum distance of dol net station was 1.4 km from the landing jetty and mean distance travelled by dol netters was 0.8 km. The present study highlights the detail structural design and the operational parameters of the dol net operated in this estuary

Biometry, length-weight and length-length relationships of flathead sillago Sillaginopsis panijus (Hamilton, 1822) (Perciformes: Sillaginidae) from the north-western Bay of Bengal

Biometry, length-weight relationships (LWRs) and length-length relationships (LLRs) of Sillaginopsis panijus (Hamilton, 1822) were investigated in the Indian coast of north-western Bay of Bengal. Altogether 622 specimens were collected between August 2018 and September 2019 from landings by trawls (30-35 mm mesh size), gillnets (15-55 mm mesh size) and shore seines (7-15 mm bag mesh size). The total length and weight of the specimens ranged from 7.8-40.3 cm and 2.9-506 g, respectively. The LWR established was W=0.0048 L3.059 for males, W=0.0032 L3.185 for females and W=0.0047 L3.0645 for indeterminates, indicating positive allometric growth pattern. All the LWRs were highly significant (p<0.001, r2≥0.977). The highest coefficient of correlation (r) was observed for total length against fork length (0.999) and lowest for head length against eye diameter (0.951). The fin formula was expressed as D1 X, D2 I + 24-28, P 17-22, V I + 5, A II + 25-27, GR 2-3/6-9. The study provides the first detailed account of the biometric relationships of S. panijus in the north-western Bay of Bengal, which can be used as baseline information for subsequent biological and population based studies in the region

Relationship between fish and otolith dimensions of flathead sillago Sillaginopsis panijus (Hamilton, 1822) (Perciformes: Sillaginidae) in the north-western Bay of Bengal

The present study established the fish body and otolith dimension relationships of flathead sillago Sillaginopsis panijus (Hamilton, 1822), to assist the interpretation of growth. A total of 413 specimens were collected fortnightly from September 2018 to August 2019 off north-western Bay of Bengal. The samples ranged between 142–394 mm in total length and16-413.1 g in total weight. With fish growth, positive correlation was observed between the fish and otolith morphometric parameters. The highest coefficient of determination (R2) was observed between total length and otolith weight (R2=0.9198), followed by otolith weight and otolith width (R2=0.896). These results provide baseline information on the dimensional relationship between fish length and otolith size of this species in Indian waters, which will be helpful in future study on the food and feeding habits, growth and stock structure. Keywords: Coefficient of determination, Correlation, Growth rings, Life history, Morphometry, Sagitt

Beneficial Role of Antioxidant Secondary Metabolites from Medicinal Plants in Maintaining Oral Health.

Plant-derived phytochemicals have been touted as viable substitutes in a variety of diseases. All over the world, dentists have turned to natural remedies for dental cure due to the negative possessions of certain antibacterial mediators used in dentistry. Antimicrobial and other drugs are currently in use, but they show some side effects. Since ancient times, antioxidant EOs have been used for different ailments and have grown in popularity over time. Several in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials have shown the safety and effectiveness of antioxidant essential oils (EOs) in oral health obtained from medicinal plants. The current review of literature provides a summary of secondary metabolites, more specifically EOs from 20 most commonly used medicinal plants and their applications in maintaining oral health. Dental caries and periodontal diseases are the most common and preventable global infectious diseases, with diseases of the oral cavity being considered major diseases affecting a person&#39;s health. Several clinical studies have shown a connection between oral diseases and oral microbiota. This review discusses the role of antioxidant secondary metabolites in inhibiting the growth of oral pathogens and reducing the formation of dental plaque, and as well as reducing the symptoms of oral diseases. This review article contributes a basic outline of essential oils and their healing actions

Plant-Based Antioxidant Extracts and Compounds in the Management of Oral Cancer

Oral cancer continues to be a leading cause of death worldwide, and its prevalence is particularly high in developing countries, where people chew tobacco and betel nut on a regular basis. Radiation-, chemo-, targeted-, immuno-, and hormone-based therapies along with surgery are commonly used as part of a treatment plan. However, these treatments frequently result in various unwanted short- to long-term side effects. As a result, there is an urgent need to develop treatment options for oral cancer that have little or no adverse effects. Numerous bioactive compounds derived from various plants have recently attracted attention as therapeutic options for cancer treatment. Antioxidants found in medicinal plants, such as vitamins E, C, and A, reduce damage to the mucosa by neutralizing free radicals found in various oral mucosal lesions. Phytochemicals found in medicinal plants have the potential to modulate cellular signalling pathways that alter the cellular defence mechanisms to protect normal cells from reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induce apoptosis in cancer cells. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of various medicinal plants and phytoconstituents that have shown the potential to be used as oral cancer therapeutics

Role of random biopsies in surveillance of dysplasia in ulcerative colitis patients with high risk of colorectal cancer

Background/AimsRecent data suggest that the incidence of ulcerative colitis (UC) related colorectal cancer (CRC) in India is similar to that of West. The optimum method for surveillance is still a debate. Surveillance with random biopsies has been the standard of care, but is a tedious process. We therefore undertook this study to assess the yield of random biopsy in dysplasia surveillance.MethodsBetween March 2014 and July 2015, patients of UC attending the Inflammatory Bowel Disease clinic at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences with high risk factors for CRC like duration of disease >15 years and pancolitis, family history of CRC, primary sclerosing cholangitis underwent surveillance colonoscopy for dysplasia. Four quadrant random biopsies at 10 cm intervals were taken (33 biopsies). Two pathologists examined specimens for dysplasia, and the yield of dysplasia was calculated.ResultsTwenty-eight patients were included. Twenty-six of these had pancolitis with a duration of disease greater than 15 years, and two patients had associated primary sclerosing cholangis. No patient had a family history of CRC. The mean age at onset of disease was 28.89±8.73 years and the duration of disease was 19.00±8.78 years. Eighteen patients (64.28%) were males. A total of 924 biopsies were taken. None of the biopsies revealed any evidence of dysplasia, and 7/924 (0.7%) were indefinite for dysplasia.ConclusionsRandom biopsy for surveillance in longstanding extensive colitis has a low yield for dysplasia and does not suffice for screening. Newer techniques such as chromoendoscopy-guided biopsies need greater adoption

Dynamics of Hot QCD Matter -- Current Status and Developments

The discovery and characterization of hot and dense QCD matter, known as Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP), remains the most international collaborative effort and synergy between theorists and experimentalists in modern nuclear physics to date. The experimentalists around the world not only collect an unprecedented amount of data in heavy-ion collisions, at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) in New York, USA, and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland but also analyze these data to unravel the mystery of this new phase of matter that filled a few microseconds old universe, just after the Big Bang. In the meantime, advancements in theoretical works and computing capability extend our wisdom about the hot-dense QCD matter and its dynamics through mathematical equations. The exchange of ideas between experimentalists and theoreticians is crucial for the progress of our knowledge. The motivation of this first conference named "HOT QCD Matter 2022" is to bring the community together to have a discourse on this topic. In this article, there are 36 sections discussing various topics in the field of relativistic heavy-ion collisions and related phenomena that cover a snapshot of the current experimental observations and theoretical progress. This article begins with the theoretical overview of relativistic spin-hydrodynamics in the presence of the external magnetic field, followed by the Lattice QCD results on heavy quarks in QGP, and finally, it ends with an overview of experiment results.Comment: Compilation of the contributions (148 pages) as presented in the `Hot QCD Matter 2022 conference', held from May 12 to 14, 2022, jointly organized by IIT Goa & Goa University, Goa, Indi

Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Background: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 (GBD 2017) includes a comprehensive assessment of incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) for 354 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2017. Previous GBD studies have shown how the decline of mortality rates from 1990 to 2016 has led to an increase in life expectancy, an ageing global population, and an expansion of the non-fatal burden of disease and injury. These studies have also shown how a substantial portion of the world's population experiences non-fatal health loss with considerable heterogeneity among different causes, locations, ages, and sexes. Ongoing objectives of the GBD study include increasing the level of estimation detail, improving analytical strategies, and increasing the amount of high-quality data. Methods: We estimated incidence and prevalence for 354 diseases and injuries and 3484 sequelae. We used an updated and extensive body of literature studies, survey data, surveillance data, inpatient admission records, outpatient visit records, and health insurance claims, and additionally used results from cause of death models to inform estimates using a total of 68 781 data sources. Newly available clinical data from India, Iran, Japan, Jordan, Nepal, China, Brazil, Norway, and Italy were incorporated, as well as updated claims data from the USA and new claims data from Taiwan (province of China) and Singapore. We used DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool, as the main method of estimation, ensuring consistency between rates of incidence, prevalence, remission, and cause of death for each condition. YLDs were estimated as the product of a prevalence estimate and a disability weight for health states of each mutually exclusive sequela, adjusted for comorbidity. We updated the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary development indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and total fertility rate. Additionally, we calculated differences between male and female YLDs to identify divergent trends across sexes. GBD 2017 complies with the Guidelines for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting. Findings: Globally, for females, the causes with the greatest age-standardised prevalence were oral disorders, headache disorders, and haemoglobinopathies and haemolytic anaemias in both 1990 and 2017. For males, the causes with the greatest age-standardised prevalence were oral disorders, headache disorders, and tuberculosis including latent tuberculosis infection in both 1990 and 2017. In terms of YLDs, low back pain, headache disorders, and dietary iron deficiency were the leading Level 3 causes of YLD counts in 1990, whereas low back pain, headache disorders, and depressive disorders were the leading causes in 2017 for both sexes combined. All-cause age-standardised YLD rates decreased by 3·9% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 3·1-4·6) from 1990 to 2017; however, the all-age YLD rate increased by 7·2% (6·0-8·4) while the total sum of global YLDs increased from 562 million (421-723) to 853 million (642-1100). The increases for males and females were similar, with increases in all-age YLD rates of 7·9% (6·6-9·2) for males and 6·5% (5·4-7·7) for females. We found significant differences between males and females in terms of age-standardised prevalence estimates for multiple causes. The causes with the greatest relative differences between sexes in 2017 included substance use disorders (3018 cases [95% UI 2782-3252] per 100 000 in males vs 1400 [1279-1524] per 100 000 in females), transport injuries (3322 [3082-3583] vs 2336 [2154-2535]), and self-harm and interpersonal violence (3265 [2943-3630] vs 5643 [5057-6302]). Interpretation: Global all-cause age-standardised YLD rates have improved only slightly over a period spanning nearly three decades. However, the magnitude of the non-fatal disease burden has expanded globally, with increasing numbers of people who have a wide spectrum of conditions. A subset of conditions has remained globally pervasive since 1990, whereas other conditions have displayed more dynamic trends, with different ages, sexes, and geographies across the globe experiencing varying burdens and trends of health loss. This study emphasises how global improvements in premature mortality for select conditions have led to older populations with complex and potentially expensive diseases, yet also highlights global achievements in certain domains of disease and injury