Basketball training influences shot selection assessment : a multi-attribute decision-making approach1

In spite of the fact that shoot selection is a crucial ingredient of performance in basketball, the judgment and decision making processes involved in it have been largely neglected. In the present work, we explore individuals' strategies to assess the adequateness of shooting (in a simulation laboratory task) in situations varying in the degree of physical defensive pressure, rebound, defensive balance and shooting distance. Our results showed that the four target dimensions have an impact on participants' judgments. More importantly, training influences the degree to which one of the non-obvious dimensions (defensive balance) is taken into account by participants in order to make their judgments. These results stress the necessity to develop measures of shot selection decisional quality beyond scoring rates

Effectiveness of an intervention for improving drug prescription in primary care patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy:Study protocol of a cluster randomized clinical trial (Multi-PAP project)

This study was funded by the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias ISCIII (Grant Numbers PI15/00276, PI15/00572, PI15/00996), REDISSEC (Project Numbers RD12/0001/0012, RD16/0001/0005), and the European Regional Development Fund ("A way to build Europe").Background: Multimorbidity is associated with negative effects both on people's health and on healthcare systems. A key problem linked to multimorbidity is polypharmacy, which in turn is associated with increased risk of partly preventable adverse effects, including mortality. The Ariadne principles describe a model of care based on a thorough assessment of diseases, treatments (and potential interactions), clinical status, context and preferences of patients with multimorbidity, with the aim of prioritizing and sharing realistic treatment goals that guide an individualized management. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a complex intervention that implements the Ariadne principles in a population of young-old patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy. The intervention seeks to improve the appropriateness of prescribing in primary care (PC), as measured by the medication appropriateness index (MAI) score at 6 and 12months, as compared with usual care. Methods/Design: Design:pragmatic cluster randomized clinical trial. Unit of randomization: family physician (FP). Unit of analysis: patient. Scope: PC health centres in three autonomous communities: Aragon, Madrid, and Andalusia (Spain). Population: patients aged 65-74years with multimorbidity (≥3 chronic diseases) and polypharmacy (≥5 drugs prescribed in ≥3months). Sample size: n=400 (200 per study arm). Intervention: complex intervention based on the implementation of the Ariadne principles with two components: (1) FP training and (2) FP-patient interview. Outcomes: MAI score, health services use, quality of life (Euroqol 5D-5L), pharmacotherapy and adherence to treatment (Morisky-Green, Haynes-Sackett), and clinical and socio-demographic variables. Statistical analysis: primary outcome is the difference in MAI score between T0 and T1 and corresponding 95% confidence interval. Adjustment for confounding factors will be performed by multilevel analysis. All analyses will be carried out in accordance with the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: It is essential to provide evidence concerning interventions on PC patients with polypharmacy and multimorbidity, conducted in the context of routine clinical practice, and involving young-old patients with significant potential for preventing negative health outcomes. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02866799Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Global respiratory syncytial virus–related infant community deaths

Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of pediatric death, with >99% of mortality occurring in low- and lower middle-income countries. At least half of RSV-related deaths are estimated to occur in the community, but clinical characteristics of this group of children remain poorly characterized. Methods The RSV Global Online Mortality Database (RSV GOLD), a global registry of under-5 children who have died with RSV-related illness, describes clinical characteristics of children dying of RSV through global data sharing. RSV GOLD acts as a collaborative platform for global deaths, including community mortality studies described in this supplement. We aimed to compare the age distribution of infant deaths <6 months occurring in the community with in-hospital. Results We studied 829 RSV-related deaths <1 year of age from 38 developing countries, including 166 community deaths from 12 countries. There were 629 deaths that occurred <6 months, of which 156 (25%) occurred in the community. Among infants who died before 6 months of age, median age at death in the community (1.5 months; IQR: 0.8−3.3) was lower than in-hospital (2.4 months; IQR: 1.5−4.0; P < .0001). The proportion of neonatal deaths was higher in the community (29%, 46/156) than in-hospital (12%, 57/473, P < 0.0001). Conclusions We observed that children in the community die at a younger age. We expect that maternal vaccination or immunoprophylaxis against RSV will have a larger impact on RSV-related mortality in the community than in-hospital. This case series of RSV-related community deaths, made possible through global data sharing, allowed us to assess the potential impact of future RSV vaccines

Growth Kinetics and Nutrient Uptake of Microalgae in Urban Wastewaters with Different Treatment Levels

The main objective of this work was to study the speed of growth and nitrogen and phosphorus uptake in a bloom of cultured microalgae in urban wastewater receiving different levels and types of treatment. To this end, microalgae were cultured in duplicate with discontinuity under controlled temperature, light and aeration conditions. Four test media were used consisting of four wastewater effluents: (1) pretreatment, (2) secondary clarifier, (3) UASB bioreactor (Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket) and (4) mixture of UASB and secondary wastewater. All were obtained from the same urban wastewater treatment station. Verhulst and Photobiotreatment models were used to analyze the results. The study found different temporal evolutions of the biomass concentration and total dissolved N and P with the different media tested. Productivity was greater in tests with water from the UASB reactor (0.094 g SS l(-1) d(-1)). In this culture medium, the speed at which nitrogen was removed was similar to the rest of the wastewater tested while phosphorus removal was slower than the other media studied

Basketball training influences shot selection assessment : a multi-attribute decision-making approach1

In spite of the fact that shoot selection is a crucial ingredient of performance in basketball, the judgment and decision making processes involved in it have been largely neglected. In the present work, we explore individuals' strategies to assess the adequateness of shooting (in a simulation laboratory task) in situations varying in the degree of physical defensive pressure, rebound, defensive balance and shooting distance. Our results showed that the four target dimensions have an impact on participants' judgments. More importantly, training influences the degree to which one of the non-obvious dimensions (defensive balance) is taken into account by participants in order to make their judgments. These results stress the necessity to develop measures of shot selection decisional quality beyond scoring rates

Physical Exercise to Redynamize Interoception in Substance use Disorders.

Physical exercise is considered a promising medication-free and cost-effective adjunct treatment for substance use disorders (SUD). Nevertheless, evidence regarding the effectiveness of these interventions is currently limited, thereby signaling the need to better understand the mechanisms underlying their impact on SUD, in order to reframe and optimize them. Here we advance that physical exercise could be re-conceptualized as an "interoception booster", namely as a way to help people with SUD to better decode and interpret bodily-related signals associated with transient states of homeostatic imbalances that usually trigger consumption. We first discuss how mismatches between current and desired bodily states influence the formation of reward-seeking states in SUD, in light of the insular cortex brain networks. Next, we detail effort perception during physical exercise and discuss how it can be used as a relevant framework for re-dynamizing interoception in SUD. We conclude by providing perspectives and methodological considerations for applying the proposed approach to mixed-design neurocognitive research on SUD

Identification of εPKC targets during cardiac ischemic injury

Submitted by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2017-05-02T12:44:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 andre_teixeira_etal_IOC_2012.pdf: 1862111 bytes, checksum: a1e9d15c61bac74b6d078f3163f11e37 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2017-05-02T12:56:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 andre_teixeira_etal_IOC_2012.pdf: 1862111 bytes, checksum: a1e9d15c61bac74b6d078f3163f11e37 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-02T12:56:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 andre_teixeira_etal_IOC_2012.pdf: 1862111 bytes, checksum: a1e9d15c61bac74b6d078f3163f11e37 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012Stanford University School of Medicine. Department of Chemical and Systems Biology. São Paulo, SP, Brasil.Instituto do Coração. São Paulo, SP, Brasil.Stanford University School of Medicine. Department of Chemical and Systems Biology. São Paulo, SP, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.Instituto do Coração. São Paulo, SP, Brasil.tanford University School of Medicine. Department of Chemical and Systems Biology. São Paulo, SP, Brasil.Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Química. Departamento de Bioquímica. São Paulo, SP, Brasil.Background—Activation of ε protein kinase C (εPKC) protects hearts from ischemic injury. However, some of the mechanism(s) of εPKC mediated cardioprotection are still unclear. Identification of εPKC targets may aid to elucidate εPKC–mediated cardioprotective mechanisms. Previous studies, using a combination of εPKC transgenic mice and difference in gel electrophoresis (DIGE), identified a number of proteins involved in glucose metabolism, whose expression was modified by εPKC. These studies, were accompanied by metabolomic analysis, and suggested that increased glucose oxidation may be responsible for the cardioprotective effect of εPKC. However, whether these εPKC-mediated alterations were due to differences in protein expression or phosphorylation was not determined