Palaeogenomics of Upper Palaeolithic to Neolithic European hunter-gatherers

Modern humans have populated Europe for more than 45,000 years1,2. Our knowledge of the genetic relatedness and structure of ancient hunter-gatherers is however limited, owing to the scarceness and poor molecular preservation of human remains from that period3. Here we analyse 356 ancient hunter-gatherer genomes, including new genomic data for 116 individuals from 14 countries in western and central Eurasia, spanning between 35,000 and 5,000 years ago. We identify a genetic ancestry profile in individuals associated with Upper Palaeolithic Gravettian assemblages from western Europe that is distinct from contemporaneous groups related to this archaeological culture in central and southern Europe4, but resembles that of preceding individuals associated with the Aurignacian culture. This ancestry profile survived during the Last Glacial Maximum (25,000 to 19,000 years ago) in human populations from southwestern Europe associated with the Solutrean culture, and with the following Magdalenian culture that re-expanded northeastward after the Last Glacial Maximum. Conversely, we reveal a genetic turnover in southern Europe suggesting a local replacement of human groups around the time of the Last Glacial Maximum, accompanied by a north-to-south dispersal of populations associated with the Epigravettian culture. From at least 14,000 years ago, an ancestry related to this culture spread from the south across the rest of Europe, largely replacing the Magdalenian-associated gene pool. After a period of limited admixture that spanned the beginning of the Mesolithic, we find genetic interactions between western and eastern European hunter-gatherers, who were also characterized by marked differences in phenotypically relevant variants

Palaeogenomics of Upper Palaeolithic to Neolithic European hunter-gatherers

Modern humans have populated Europe for more than 45,000 years. Our knowledge of the genetic relatedness and structure of ancient hunter-gatherers is however limited, owing to the scarceness and poor molecular preservation of human remains from that period. Here we analyse 356 ancient hunter-gatherer genomes, including new genomic data for 116 individuals from 14 countries in western and central Eurasia, spanning between 35,000 and 5,000 years ago. We identify a genetic ancestry profile in individuals associated with Upper Palaeolithic Gravettian assemblages from western Europe that is distinct from contemporaneous groups related to this archaeological culture in central and southern Europe, but resembles that of preceding individuals associated with the Aurignacian culture. This ancestry profile survived during the Last Glacial Maximum (25,000 to 19,000 years ago) in human populations from southwestern Europe associated with the Solutrean culture, and with the following Magdalenian culture that re-expanded northeastward after the Last Glacial Maximum. Conversely, we reveal a genetic turnover in southern Europe suggesting a local replacement of human groups around the time of the Last Glacial Maximum, accompanied by a north-to-south dispersal of populations associated with the Epigravettian culture. From at least 14,000 years ago, an ancestry related to this culture spread from the south across the rest of Europe, largely replacing the Magdalenian-associated gene pool. After a period of limited admixture that spanned the beginning of the Mesolithic, we find genetic interactions between western and eastern European hunter-gatherers, who were also characterized by marked differences in phenotypically relevant variants.Open access funding provided by Max Planck Society. This project has received funding by the European Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreements no. 803147-RESOLUTION (to S.T.), no. 771234-PALEoRIDER (to W.H.), no. 864358 (to K.M.), no. 724703 and no. 101019659 (to K.H.). K.H. is also supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG FOR 2237). E.A. has received funding from the Van de Kamp fonds. PACEA co-authors of this research benefited from the scientific framework of the University of Bordeaux’s IdEx Investments for the Future programme/GPR Human Past. A.G.-O. is supported by a Ramón y Cajal fellowship (RYC-2017-22558). L. Sineo, M.L. and D.C. have received funding from the Italian Ministry of University and Research (MUR) PRIN 2017 grants 20177PJ9XF and 20174BTC4R_002. H. Rougier received support from the College of Social and Behavioral Sciences of CSUN and the CSUN Competition for RSCA Awards. C.L.S. and T. Saupe received support from the European Union through the European Regional Development Fund (project no. 2014-2020.4.01.16-0030) and C.L.S. received support from the Estonian Research Council grant PUT (PRG243). S. Shnaider received support from the Russian Science Foundation (no. 19-78-10053).Peer reviewe

Palaeogenomics of Upper Palaeolithic to Neolithic European hunter-gatherers

: Modern humans have populated Europe for more than 45,000 years1,2. Our knowledge of the genetic relatedness and structure of ancient hunter-gatherers is however limited, owing to the scarceness and poor molecular preservation of human remains from that period3. Here we analyse 356 ancient hunter-gatherer genomes, including new genomic data for 116 individuals from 14 countries in western and central Eurasia, spanning between 35,000 and 5,000 years ago. We identify a genetic ancestry profile in individuals associated with Upper Palaeolithic Gravettian assemblages from western Europe that is distinct from contemporaneous groups related to this archaeological culture in central and southern Europe4, but resembles that of preceding individuals associated with the Aurignacian culture. This ancestry profile survived during the Last Glacial Maximum (25,000 to 19,000 years ago) in human populations from southwestern Europe associated with the Solutrean culture, and with the following Magdalenian culture that re-expanded northeastward after the Last Glacial Maximum. Conversely, we reveal a genetic turnover in southern Europe suggesting a local replacement of human groups around the time of the Last Glacial Maximum, accompanied by a north-to-south dispersal of populations associated with the Epigravettian culture. From at least 14,000 years ago, an ancestry related to this culture spread from the south across the rest of Europe, largely replacing the Magdalenian-associated gene pool. After a period of limited admixture that spanned the beginning of the Mesolithic, we find genetic interactions between western and eastern European hunter-gatherers, who were also characterized by marked differences in phenotypically relevant variants

Palaeogenomics of Upper Palaeolithic to Neolithic European hunter-gatherers

Publisher Copyright: © 2023, The Author(s).Modern humans have populated Europe for more than 45,000 years1,2. Our knowledge of the genetic relatedness and structure of ancient hunter-gatherers is however limited, owing to the scarceness and poor molecular preservation of human remains from that period3. Here we analyse 356 ancient hunter-gatherer genomes, including new genomic data for 116 individuals from 14 countries in western and central Eurasia, spanning between 35,000 and 5,000 years ago. We identify a genetic ancestry profile in individuals associated with Upper Palaeolithic Gravettian assemblages from western Europe that is distinct from contemporaneous groups related to this archaeological culture in central and southern Europe4, but resembles that of preceding individuals associated with the Aurignacian culture. This ancestry profile survived during the Last Glacial Maximum (25,000 to 19,000 years ago) in human populations from southwestern Europe associated with the Solutrean culture, and with the following Magdalenian culture that re-expanded northeastward after the Last Glacial Maximum. Conversely, we reveal a genetic turnover in southern Europe suggesting a local replacement of human groups around the time of the Last Glacial Maximum, accompanied by a north-to-south dispersal of populations associated with the Epigravettian culture. From at least 14,000 years ago, an ancestry related to this culture spread from the south across the rest of Europe, largely replacing the Magdalenian-associated gene pool. After a period of limited admixture that spanned the beginning of the Mesolithic, we find genetic interactions between western and eastern European hunter-gatherers, who were also characterized by marked differences in phenotypically relevant variants.Peer reviewe

Quincy-Voisins (Seine-et-Marne). Avenue de la République

Le projet de construction d’un bâtiment et l’aménagement de la place de la mairie ont motivé un diagnostic archéologique au cœur de Quincy-Voisins, commune située à 7 km au sud de Meaux. La parcelle sondée, d’une surface de 3 687 m2, est voisine, à l’est, de l’église Saint-Denis dont la construction remonte au xiiie s. et, au sud-ouest, du château du xviiie s. qui aurait été rebâti à l’emplacement d’une maison forte du xiiie s. L’intervention a confirmé la présence d’une nécropole du haut Mo..

Lagny-sur-Marne (Seine-et-Marne). 15-25, avenue Grouard

Un projet de construction de logements sociaux avenue Grouard a donné l’occasion de fouiller un important cimetière mérovingien daté des ve-viie s. Le site se trouve quasiment au sommet du versant sud de la vallée de la Marne sur l’ancien territoire de Saint-Denis-du-Port qui fut rattaché à la commune de Lagny-sur-Marne en 1846. Une église, attestée au xviie et détruite au xixe s., et son cimetière, sont mentionnés à proximité, mais leur localisation précise n’est pas connue. Le cimetière act..

Brunoy (Essonne). 4, place Saint-Médard

La commune de Brunoy (Essonne) est située à environ 18 km au SE de Paris. Un projet de construction au cœur du centre historique a motivé la mise en place d’une opération de diagnostic archéologique. La parcelle sondée, d’une surface de 1 619 m2, se trouve dans le périmètre de l’ancien château, à l’emplacement duquel s’élève aujourd’hui la maison Bouël, construite au xviiie s. Elle est également voisine, à l’est, de l’église Saint-Médard dont la construction remonte au xiie s. En raison de la..

Marginalisation d'un sujet atteint d'une maladie de Paget au XVIe siècle à Aschères-le-Marché (Loiret) ?

National audienc

Des morts chez les vivants. Les inhumations dans les habitats ruraux du haut Moyen Âge en Île-de-France

International audienceLa multiplication des travaux d'aménagement du territoire, notamment en Île-de-France, a permis de mettre au jour la présence de sépultures, isolées ou en petits groupes, au sein des habitats ruraux du haut Moyen Âge. L'analyse des caractéristiques de ces inhumations et leur comparaison avec celles issues des grands ensembles funéraires, liés ou non à un édifice de culte, montre que rien ne les distingue de ce qui est habituellement connu à cette époque hormis leur nombre et leur situation topographique. Les hypothèses couramment évoquées, privilégiant une mise à l'écart des individus concernés, sont aujourd'hui rediscutées. En effet, nous verrons qu'il s'agit plutôt du reflet de la diversité des pratiques funéraires durant le haut Moyen Âge

« Entrer dans l’immobilité » : les défunts en position assise du second âge du Fer

International audienceThe discovery of buried deceased in an atypical position is a standard feature in funerary archaeology and can refer to a kind of banishment, relegation, symbolic punishment. The few Latenian individuals found in a sitting position are constantly of concern to the protohistorians and now put forward a synthetic reflection focusing on a new grid of interpretation that does not any more necessarily stigmatize funerary and/or cult discrepancies, which present the human body. This position seems to transcend the community liturgies and suggests that these selected bodies found on the margin of cemeteries were isolated on purpose from the common mortals: chosen and laid out for the eternity, they now on seem to approach the divine and its expression modalities.La mise au jour de défunts inhumés dans une posture atypique est un classique de l’archéologie funéraire et peut renvoyer à une forme de bannissement, de relégation ou de punition symbolique. Les quelques défunts laténiens trouvés en position assise ne cessent d’intéresser les protohistoriens. Ils permettent désormais de nourrir une réflexion synthétique axée sur une nouvelle grille d’interprétation, qui ne stigmatise plus nécessairement les discordances funéraires et/ou cultuelles mettant en scène le cadavre humain. Cette posture semble transcender les liturgies communautaires et suggère que ces hommes, sélectionnés et mis au jour en marge des nécropoles, ont été volontairement isolés du commun des mortels : choisis et agencés pour l’éternité, ils paraissent désormais se rapprocher du divin et de ses modes d’expression