Man and the abyss

El Hombre y el Abismo es el recorrido de un camino filosófico cuyo esfuerzo radica en la búsqueda de una relación estética entre el intrincado pensamiento trágico de Friedrich Nietzsche y algunas de las obras póstumas del polémico pintor irlandés Francis Bacon. De este modo, el presente escrito no es más que una aventura, persecución desenfrenada de la muerte de la tragedia y sus intentos de retorno. Es el reencuentro con las tinieblas, experimentada en los rostros de Bacon (metamorfosis dionisíaca) afirmando la vida y al mismo tiempo al sufrimiento y no una apariencia apolínea; es el hombre trágico siendo en sí mismo una obra de arte. Aquí, se llega al encuentro con la cosa en sí y no su mera representación (hombre teórico o Socrático). En las obras del pintor vemos a Dionisio afirmando la vida pero sin justificarla o redimirla, vemos a Zaratustra invitándonos a la oscuridad; así, sus obras son una multiplicidad de fuerzas en lucha destrozando, aniquilando al cuerpo en el tormentoso encuentro con el sí mismo, cuyo resultado es la quiebra de la imagen ficticia del sujeto al afirmar el dolor de la existencia. Finalmente, arribaremos a la conclusión de que los pinceles expresionistas de Bacon, artista trágico, son el retorno a lo Uno Primordial.Man and the Abyss is a trip along a philosophical pathway within which lies an effort in the search of an esthetical liaison between the intricacies of the tragic thought of Friedrich Nietzsche and some of the posthumous works of the controversial Irish painter Francis Bacon. Thus, the present writing is nothing more than an adventure, a wild chase of the Death of Tragedy and its attempts of a comeback. It is reencountering obscurity, experimented in the faces of Bacon (Dionysian metamorphosis) asserting life and at the same time the suffering and not an Apollonian Appearance; it is the tragic man being a masterpiece himself. Here, there is a meeting with the thing-in-itself and not a mere representation of it (theoretical or Socratic man). In the painter’s works we see Dionysius asserting life but not justifying nor redeeming it, we see Zarathushtra enticing us to darkness; thus, his works are a multiplicity of forces in struggle, tearing apart, annihilating the body in the excruciating meeting with the thing-in-itself, whose outcome is the rupture of the fictitious image of the subject by asserting the pain of existence. We will finally arrive to the conclusion that Bacon, who was a tragic artist, conveys in his expressionistic brushes the return to the Primordial Unity

Produção de um novo substituto para a regeneração da pele

The skin is the largest and most external organ of the human body, and it is exposed to different external agents that may cause structural and functional damage. Despite skin’s self-regeneration ability, skin structure can be compromised when extensive and deep injuries occur. In these situations, wound dressings capable of protecting the lesion as well as promote the healing process are required. So far, different types of skin substitutes have been developed. However, none of them is fully capable of reestablishing all the structural and functional features of the native skin. To overcome this situation, researchers from the tissue engineering area have been developing new biomaterials that are capable of reproducing the structure and composition of native skin. In this way, asymmetric membranes emerged as promising therapeutic approaches for the treatment of skin lesions, since they display two layers with different properties and functions. The work plan developed herein aimed to produce asymmetric membranes, using electrospinning technique, that are able to mimic both layers of the native skin. Therefore, the top membrane was manufactured with polycaprolactone and cellulose acetate, in order to act as the epidermis layer of the membrane. On the other hand, the bottom layer of the membrane was produced with poly (vinyl alcohol) and hyaluronic acid to replicate the characteristics of the dermis (high porosity and absorption capacity). In additon, silver nanoparticles were also produced to confer antimicrobial properties to the membranes. The characterization of the physicochemical properties of the produced membranes revealed that they have a porosity and water absorption capacity that provides a moist environment to the wound site. On the other side, the in vitro assays showed that the produced membranes did not induce any cytotoxic effect, when they were incubated in contact with human fibroblasts cells. Further, the silver nanoparticles possess suitable size, morphology and antibacterial properties for preventing infections. In this way, the produced membranes showed promising properties to be used in the treatment of skin lesions. Thus, in the future, the incorporation of silver nanoparticles into the bottom membrane will be performed to provide antibacterial properties to the asymmetric membrane. On the other side, the incorporation of other bioactive molecules (vitamins, growth factors, anti-inflammatory molecules) could also be hypothesized to augment the biological performance of the asymmetric membrane and consequently, the wound healing process.A pele é o maior e mais externo órgão do corpo humano, que está exposto a diferentes agentes externos que podem causar danos estruturais e funcionais. Apesar da pele ter capacidade de auto-regeneração, esta função fica comprometida quando lesões que afectam este órgão são extensas e profundas. Nestas situações, é necessário o uso de um revestimento que permita proteger a lesão e que promova o processo de cicatrização. Diferentes tipos de revestimentos cutâneos foram já desenvolvidos, contudo, nenhum deles é capaz de restaurar na íntegra todas as funções estruturais e funcionais da pele nativa. Assim, os investigadores da área de engenharia de tecidos têm desenvolvido novos substitutos de pele que sejam capazes de reproduzir a estrutura e composição da pele nativa. Entre os substitutos de pele produzidos até ao momento, as membranas assimétricas têm revelado resultados promissores no tratamento de lesões da pele. Neste estudo, o plano de trabalhos desenvolvido teve como objetivo a produção de uma membrana assimétrica pela técnica de electrofiação e a posterior caracterização das suas propriedades fisico-químicas e biológicas. Na produção das duas camadas da membrana assimétrica foram usados diferentes materiais. A policaprolactona e o acetato de celulose foram usados na produção da camada superior. Esta camada, à semelhança da epiderme na pele nativa, pretende-se que actue como uma barreira de proteção. Por outro lado, a camada inferior da membrana assimétrica foi produzida com poli(álcool polivinílico) e ácido hialurónico com o intuito de mimetizar as características da derme (i.e., elevada porosidade e capacidade de absorção). Neste trabalho foram ainda produzidas e caracterizadas nanopartículas de prata com o objectivo de incrementar as suas propriedades antibacterianas. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo revelaram que as membranas produzidas têm uma porosidade adequada que permite a troca de gases e a migração celular, a absorção do exsudato da ferida e providenciam um ambiente húmido ao local da lesão. Para além disso, os ensaios in vitro demonstraram que as membranas produzidas apresentam excelente biocompatibilidade em contacto com fibroblastos humanos. Por outro lado, as nanopartículas de prata produzidas possuem tamanho, morfologia e propriedades antibacterianas promissoras para a prevenção de infeções. Assim, no futuro, a incorporação das nanopartículas de prata na membrana inferior será realizada de modo a providenciar propriedades antibacterianas à membrana assimétrica. Por outro lado, a incorporação de outras moléculas bioativas (vitaminas, fatores de crescimento, moléculas anti-inflamatórias) poderá também ser realizada a fim de melhorar as propriedades biológicas da membrana assimétrica e, consequentemente o processo de cicatrização

Can polyphenols’ metabolites ameliorate the outcome of Diabetic Retinopathy?

The prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus worldwide continues to increase and Diabetic Retinopathy (DR), a blood-retinal barrier disorder, is its most common ocular complication in developed countries. Chronic exposure to hyperglycemia and hypoxia is essential to the pathophysiology of DR, that in advanced stages leads to neovascularization and consequently vision loss. There is no cure for DR, only symptomatic care with invasive treatments, such as laser photocoagulation, which have several drawbacks, and anti-VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) therapies, which do not halt the progression of the disease. Several studies report an imbalance between pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors, which promotes the pathological angiogenesis characteristic of DR. It was also reported that patients with DR have physiological changes consistent with chronic inflammation. Since abnormal angiogenesis and chronic inflammation are considered important hallmarks of DR, it is critical to develop efficient therapies. Phenolic metabolites have been used in several disease paradigms due to its potential therapeutic effect. It is reported that Cathecol-O-sulfate (Cat-sulf) and Pyrogallol-O-sulfate (Pyr-sulf) were shown to reduce inflammation markers and cross blood brain barrier in in vitro models. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of Cat-sulf and Pyr-sulf in the expression of pro- and anti-angiogenic markers, in the expression of retina glucose transporter (GLUT1) and in inflammation biomarkers. In vitro, using a retinal cell line, and in vivo, using a mouse model of DR. Our results show that in the tested concentrations, Cat-sulf had a negative influence on the viability of D407 RPE cells and was excluded for the rest of this study. For Pyr-sulf our results have shown a positive effect on cell viability and it increases the mRNA levels of the PEDF (Pigment Epithelium–Derived Factor) and decreases VEGF protein expression under diabetic conditions. It is well known that in diabetic conditions the expression of the GLUT1 is increased. Treatment with Pyr-sulf, although not statistically significant, decreases GLUT1 expression under diabetic conditions in D407 RPE cells, highlighting the beneficial effect of this phenolic metabolite in controlling glucose transport. Furthermore, in RPE cells treated with Pyr-sulf the expression of inflammatory markers under hypoxic conditions decreases, confirming the anti-inflammatory effect of this phenolic metabolite. To support our in vitro studies, we have shown that in Ins2Akita mice, a model for type I diabetes and DR, Pyr-sulf decreases the expression of the pro-inflammatory protein Iba1. Taken together, these results shown the great potential of Pyr-sulf as treatment for diseases associated with chronic inflammation and abnormal angiogenesis, such as DR

Visual Viper: a portable visualization library for streamlined scientific communications.

À medida que o sector da saúde passa por uma transformação digital, a afluência de dados de saúde para profissionais de saúde e investigadores tem disparado. A crescente necessidade de criar visualizações de dados para compreender esta informação levou ao desenvolvimento do Visual Viper, uma biblioteca Python destinada a automatizar a visualização de dados, para agilizar o processo frequentemente trabalhoso de gerar visualizações. O Visual Viper usa Vega-Lite, uma gramática de alto nível de gráficos interativos, para criar visualizações a partir de várias fontes de dados de investigação através de uma interface de programação de aplicações ('application programming interface' - API) conveniente. Esta automação poupa tempo e facilita a consistência da comunicação científica. A funcionalidade da biblioteca compreende componentes interligados: começa por obter dados de uma fonte selecionada, segue-se a transformação destes dados para se adequarem aos requisitos de visualização. subsequentemente o Visual Viper renderiza os gráficos usando Vega-Lite e exporta-os para uso na comunicação científica. Este pipeline é implementado utilizando uma arquitetura de 'plugins' modular e extensível, que permite acomodar diferentes fontes de dados e tipos de visualização. Cada etapa permite pode ser modificada de forma independente, possibilitando uma personalização extensa com base em casos de uso específicos e sem afetar a funcionalidade geral da biblioteca. Alguns paradigmas importantes usados no desenvolvimento do Visual Viper incluem a programação orientada a objetos ('object oriented programming' - OOP) e desenvolvimento orientado a testes ('test-driven development' - TDD), ambos proporcionando estrutura, eficiência e funcionalidade. Ao usar OOP, a biblioteca adota uma estrutura clara para o código, tornando-o mais fácil de gerir e manter. Os princípios de encapsulamento, herança e polimorfismo proporcionam eficiência e flexibilidade, enquanto o uso de classes como 'DatasetBuilder', 'ChartNotationBuilder' e 'ChartDeployer' facilitam a reutilização de código. A classe 'DatasetBuilder' é projetada para obter e pré-processar dados de várias fontes, a classe 'ChartNotationBuilder' é responsável por criar o layout do gráfico e estética visual baseada nos dados pré-processados, e a classe 'ChartDeployer' lida com a implantação das visualizações finalizadas. Cada uma dessas classes encapsula funções e dados relacionados, reduzindo a complexidade e tornando o código mais fácil de manter e estender. TDD também apresentou um papel crucial no desenvolvimento do Visual Viper. Esta abordagem, que envolve escrever testes antes do código propriamente dito, garante que todas as funções estão a funcionar como pretendido, levando assim a uma melhoria da qualidade do código, simplificação da depuração e um ciclo de desenvolvimento mais rápido. A implementação do Visual Viper garante que este pode funcionar em vários ambientes sem alterações significativas (é agnóstico ao ambiente), e pode operar independentemente em máquinas locais, AWS Lambda, ou como uma API Web. Em conclusão, o Visual Viper fornece uma ferramenta robusta e flexível para a visualização de dados, reforçando a eficiência da comunicação científica no sector da saúde.As the healthcare sector undergoes digital transformation, the influx of data for health professionals and researchers has surged. The increased need for data visualizations to comprehend this information led to the development of Visual Viper, a Python library aimed at automating data visualization, to streamline the often labor-intensive process of generating visualizations. Visual Viper uses Vega-Lite, a high-level grammar of interactive graphics, to create visualizations from various research data sources via a convenient application programming interface (API). This automation saves time and facilitates the consistency of science communication. The library's functionality comprises interconnected components. It begins by retrieving data from a selected source, followed by transforming this data to suit visualization requirements. Subsequently, Visual Viper renders the charts using Vega-Lite and deploys them for use in scientific communication. Implemented within a modular and extensible plugin architecture, it accommodates different data sources and visualization types. Each stage allows independent modification, enabling extensive customization based on specific use-cases without affecting the library's overall functionality. Some important paradigms used in Visual Viper's development include the application of object-oriented programming (OOP) and test-driven development (TDD). By using OOP, the library adopts a structured codebase that is easier to manage and maintain. The principles of encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism ensure efficiency and flexibility, while the use of classes facilitates code reuse. The 'DatasetBuilder' class is designed to fetch and preprocess data from various sources, 'ChartNotationBuilder' class is responsible for creating the chart layout and visual aesthetics based on the preprocessed data, and the 'ChartDeployer' class handles the deployment of the finished visualizations. These classes encapsulate related functions and data, reducing complexity and aiding code maintenance and extension. The TDD approach, which involves writing tests before the actual code, ensures all functions are operating as intended, thus leading to improved code quality, simplified debugging, and a faster development cycle. Its implementation ensures the library can run in various environments without significant changes (Environment Agnostic), and it can operate independently on local machines, Lambda, or as a Web API (Serverless Deployment). Future steps for Visual Viper include development of plugins including Google Sheets Dataset Builder and Figma Chart Deployer and creation of additional Vega Lite Chart Notation Builders such as Bar Chart, Survival Chart, and Forest Plot. Once these steps are complete, Visual Viper will be packaged as an importable Python package, with an efficiency evaluation to follow. In conclusion, Visual Viper provides a robust and flexible tool for data visualization, bolstering the efficiency of scientific communication in the healthcare sector

Corporate social responsibility levels and firm performance: Evidence from countries in crisis

A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Finance from the NOVA – School of Business and EconomicsIn times of economic downturn it is of utmost importance for companies to find alternative ways to enhance their value while disregarding all activities that have the potential to destroy value. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) disclosures inform analysts and investors about companies‟ ethical accountability and engagement towards society, possibly contributing to the overall value of a company. This paper examines the rapport between different levels of CSR disclosure and stock market performance, analyzing a sample comprised by companies from Portugal, Spain and Italy, given that these are some of the countries most affected by the 2008 financial crisis. The period covered ranges from 2008 to 2012. CSR disclosure levels are measured through the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) guidelines. Results unveil that markets value a low CSR disclosure negatively, but do not find other levels of disclosure to add value, which implies that in times of crisis a low CSR disclosure may increase information asymmetry between a company and market participants. Furthermore, an analysis of the changes in GRI reveals the existence of a positive relation between stock market returns and upward changes in CSR disclosure levels

Guideline values and human risk assessment for the presence of anti-inflammatory drugs remaining in drinking water after lab scale treatment

This study aimed to determine whether the anti-inflammatory drugs that are most commonly consumed in Brazil, including diclofenac, ketoprofen, naproxen, indomethacin, ibuprofen and acetaminophen, are present in drinking water and to derive guideline values to characterize the human risk. These pharmaceuticals were quantified in surface waters by LC-MS/MS with solid phase extraction, both before and after conventional treatment on a laboratory scale, using a jar test assay. The methods used to quantify these drugs showed good results: the chromatographic analysis obtained correlation coefficients between 0.9952 and 0.9991, with limits of quantification of 0.5 ng.mL-1 - 50 ng.mL-1 and precision standard deviations (0.08 - 2.08). Only ketoprofen and ibuprofen were not completely removed through the jar test. Environmental samples were collected and handled by the same method; the values ‌for ketoprofen and ibuprofen after treatment were 18.67 - 19.65 ng.L-1 (±17%) and 166.70 - 244.73 ng.L-1 (±14%), respectively. Human risk was assessed by comparing the guideline values for each compound to the concentrations obtained in the environmental samples, considering the toxicological backgrounds, following WHO (2011) method. The results suggest that the concentrations of ketoprofen and ibuprofen found in drinking water do not pose a risk to human health, even with chronic consumption

A importância da contabilidade para a gestão de empresas: estudo de caso – Grupo Visabeira

Accounting has proven to be a complementary area to Management, as it can identify through various instruments whether the Company will progress or not. Based on an extensive literature review, the main objective will be answered – understanding the importance of Accounting for Management. The data collected was subject to a content analysis with the help of the MAXQDA software. The main conclusion of this article is the fact that Accounting produces relevant financial information to help managers make decisions. Reports produced in accounting, such as balance sheets, income statements, cash flow maps, etc.; These are maps that reflect the company’s situation. Due to information technologies, decision makers can have access to information at the same time as it is introduced into programs, as is the case with SAP.A Contabilidade tem-se revelado uma área complementar à área da Gestão, uma vez que a mesma pode identificar através de diversos instrumentos se a Empresa irá progredir ou não. Tendo por base uma extensa revisão de literatura dar-se-á resposta ao objetivo principal – perceber a importância da Contabilidade para a Gestão. O método de recolha dos dados escolhido, entrevistas, foi o que se revelou mais pertinente. Os dados recolhidos, foram sujeitos a uma análise de conteúdo com o auxílio do software MAXQDA. A principal conclusão deste artigo prende-se com o facto de a Contabilidade produzir informações financeiras relevantes para o auxílio da tomada de decisão dos gestores. Os relatórios produzidos na contabilidade como por exemplo os balanços, demonstrações de resultados, mapas de fluxos de caixa, etc; são mapas que espelham a situação da empresa. Devido às tecnologias de informação, os tomadores de decisões podem ter acesso às informações ao mesmo tempo que as mesmas são introduzidas em programas, como é o caso do SAP

Intencionalidade educativa: como nasce e onde vive?

Relatório da Prática de Ensino Supervisionada apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção de grau de Mestre em Educação Pré-Escolar, criado por Aviso criado por Aviso n.º 9931/2017, publicado no Diário da República, 2.ª série, n.º 165 de 28 de agosto de 2017.O presente Relatório constitui-se como um estudo reflexivo sobre a intencionalidade educativa que atribui sentido à ação do/a educador/a de infância. O estudo foi desenvolvido num jardim de infância que se rege pela pedagogia Waldorf, num grupo com idades entre os 3 e os 6 anos. A seleção do contexto pedagógico da prática supervisionada sustentou o desenvolvimento do relatório, pois esta pedagogia destaca a importância da autoeducação e autoconsciência do educador na construção da intencionalidade educativa. Como processo inerente ao desenvolvimento da profissionalidade, procurou-se compreender onde nasce e como é vivida a intencionalidade. Neste sentido, surgiram as questões de investigação: De que forma a biografia – identidade e valores – de cada Educador/a de infância delineia a sua intencionalidade educativa?; Como é que as conceções de educação, criança e o papel do adulto potenciam a construção da intencionalidade de cada educador/a?; Será que existe uma relação de articulação e reforço recíproco entre a intencionalidade educativa e a prática reflexiva? Este estudo qualitativo recorreu à observação, traduzida em reflexões, notas de campo e entrevistas informais como instrumentos de recolha de dados que permitiram conhecer e compreender o papel da intencionalidade educativa na ação da educadora cooperante. Verificou-se, com a análise dos dados recolhidos em articulação com os referenciais teóricos, a relevância da temática. Destaca-se a importância da tomada de consciência sobre relevância a intencionalidade educativa para dar sentido à ação do/a Educador/a e a necessidade de uma prática reflexiva que a sustente, compreendendo a forma como a biografia e as conceções influenciam a ação de cada educador/a.The presente report emerges as a reflexive study on the educational intentionality that gives meaning to the action of the early childhood educator. The study was developed in a kindergarten that rules the work by Waldorf pedagogy, in a group aged between 3 and 6 years. The selection of the pedagogical context of the supervised practice supported the development of this report, as this pedagogy highlights the importance of the educator’s self-education and self-awareness in the construction of educational intentionality. As a process inherent to the development of professionality, we sought to understand where intentionality is born and how it is lived. In this sense, the research questions emerged: How does the biography – identity and values – of each childhood educator outline his/her educational intention?; How do the concepts of education, children and the role of adult enhance the construction of each educator’s intentionality?; Is there a relationship of articulation and reciprocal reinforcement between the educational intentionality and a reflective practice? This qualitative study used observation, translated into reflections, field notes and informal interviews as data collection instruments that allowed us to know and understand the role of educational intentionality in the action of the cooperating educator. Through data analysis of theoretical references, we verified the relevance of the theme, the importance of awareness, and the need for a reflective practice, understanding how biography and conceptions influence the action of each educator.The presente report emerges as a reflexive study on the educational intentionality that gives meaning to the action of the early childhood educator. The study was developed in a kindergarten that rules the work by Waldorf pedagogy, in a group aged between 3 and 6 years. The selection of the pedagogical context of the supervised practice supported the development of this report, as this pedagogy highlights the importance of the educator’s self-education and self-awareness in the construction of educational intentionality. As a process inherent to the development of professionality, we sought to understand where intentionality is born and how it is lived. In this sense, the research questions emerged: How does the biography – identity and values – of each childhood educator outline his/her educational intention?; How do the concepts of education, children and the role of adult enhance the construction of each educator’s intentionality?; Is there a relationship of articulation and reciprocal reinforcement between the educational intentionality and a reflective practice? This qualitative study used observation, translated into reflections, field notes and informal interviews as data collection instruments that allowed us to know and understand the role of educational intentionality in the action of the cooperating educator. Through data analysis of theoretical references, we verified the relevance of the theme, the importance of awareness, and the need for a reflective practice, understanding how biography and conceptions influence the action of each educator

Polyphenol metabolite pyrogallol-o-sulfate decreases microglial activation and vegf in retinal pigment epithelium cells and diabetic mouse retina

Funding Information: The authors acknowledge Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia for funding (PD/BD/114251/2016 scholarship to D.F. Santos; EXPL-BIM-MEC-1433-2013; PTDC/BTM/ORG/28121/2017 grants to G.A.Silva) and iNOVA4Health ? UIDB/Multi/04462/2020, a program financially supported by Funda??o para a Ci?ncia e Tecnologia/Ministerio da Educacao e Ciencia through national funds and co-funded by FEDER under the PT2020 Partnership Agreement, is also acknowledged. C.N.S. also acknowledges the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union?s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement No. 804229. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.(Poly)phenol-derived metabolites are small molecules resulting from (poly)phenol metab-olization after ingestion that can be found in circulation. In the last decade, studies on the impact of (poly)phenol properties in health and cellular metabolism accumulated evidence that (poly)phenols are beneficial against human diseases. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is characterized by inflammation and neovascularization and targeting these is of therapeutic interest. We aimed to study the effect of pyrogallol-O-sulfate (Pyr-s) metabolite in the expression of proteins involved in retinal glial acti-vation, neovascularization, and glucose transport. The expression of PEDF, VEGF, and GLUT-1 were analyzed upon pyrogallol-O-sulfate treatment in RPE cells under high glucose and hypoxia. To test its effect on a diabetic mouse model, Ins2Akita mice were subjected to a single intraocular injection of the metabolite and the expression of PEDF, VEGF, GLUT-1, Iba1, or GFAP measured in the neural retina and/or retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), two weeks after treatment. We observed a significant decrease in the expression of pro-angiogenic VEGF in RPE cells. Moreover, pyrogallol-O-sulfate significantly decreased the expression of microglial marker Iba1 in the diabetic retina at different stages of disease progression. These results highlight the potential pyrogallol-O-sulfate metabolite as a preventive approach towards DR progression, targeting molecules involved in both inflammation and neovascularization.publishersversionpublishe

A influência da vinculação pré-natal nas representações maternas acerca do bebé durante a gestação

Dissertação de Mestrado, Psicologia (Área de Especialização em Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde - Psicologia Clínica Dinâmica), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Psicologia, 2021Objetivo: O objetivo desta investigação foi compreender de que forma é que o laço vinculativo estabelecido da mãe para o bebé durante o momento pré-natal pode influenciar as representações mentais que a mãe constrói do seu bebé durante a gravidez. Amostra: A amostra deste estudo é constituída por 65 mulheres grávidas, em qualquer trimestre de gravidez, que possuem domínio escrito e oral da língua portuguesa. Instrumentos: Questionário Sociodemográfico e Clínico, Escala de Vinculação Pré-Natal Materna (Condon, 1993, adaptação portuguesa de Camarneiro & Justo, 2007, 2010), Escala de Motivação para a Comunicação Pré-Natal (Graça & Martins, 2018, adaptação para toda a gravidez de Mariana Pais Jorge, 2020), Inventário de Perceção Materna da Intersubjetividade do Bebé na Relação Precoce (Carrulo, 2013, adaptação para o momento pré-natal de Mariana Pais Jorge, 2020). Hipóteses: Hipótese Geral 1: A vinculação pré-natal materna dá um contributo significativo para explicar a variância estatística da motivação para a comunicação pré-natal; Hipótese Geral 2: A vinculação pré-natal materna dá um contributo significativo para explicar a variância estatística da perceção materna pré-natal da intersubjetividade do bebé. Resultados: Confirmou-se o papel explicativo da vinculação pré-natal materna na motivação para a comunicação pré-natal, no entanto, a vinculação pré-natal materna não oferece um contributo significativo para a explicação da perceção materna pré-natal da intersubjetividade do bebé. Conclusão: A vinculação da mãe ao bebé no momento pré- natal possui influência sobre as representações mentais que a grávida tem acerca do seu bebé in útero. No entanto, as representações que a gestante possui acerca do bebé que imagina dentro do seu ventre evidenciaram-se como distintas das representações que a mesma detém acerca do bebé que imagina após o seu nascimento.Goal: The aim of this investigation was to understand how the prenatal maternal attachment is able to influence the mental representations that the mother has about her baby during gestation. Sample: The sample of this study was comprised of pregnant women (N = 65), during any trimester of the pregnancy, that could both speak and understand the Portuguese language. Instruments: Four questionaries were applied, the Sociodemographic and Clinical Questionnaire, the Maternal Prenatal Attachment Scale (Condon, 1993, portuguese adaptation by Camarneiro & Justo, 2007, 2010), the Motivation to Prenatal Communication Scale (Graça & Martins, 2018, adaptation to the entire pregnancy by Mariana Pais Jorge, 2020) and the Inventory about the Maternal Perception of the Infant’s Intersubjectivity (Carrulo, 2013, adaptation to the prenatal period by Mariana Pais Jorge, 2020). Hypotheses: General Hypothesis 1: Maternal prenatal attachment offers a significant contribution to the explanation of the statistical variance of motivation to prenatal communication. General Hypothesis 2: Maternal prenatal attachment offers a significant contribution to the explanation of the statistical variance of the maternal prenatal perception of the infant’s intersubjectivity. Results: Maternal prenatal attachment plays an important role in explaining the motivation for prenatal communication. However, maternal prenatal attachment does not offer a significant contribution to the explanation of the maternal perception of the infant’s intersubjectivity. Conclusion: The attachment established between mother and infant during the prenatal moment has an influence in the mental representations that the mother has about her baby during her pregnancy. Nonetheless, the representations that the pregnant woman has about the baby that she imagines inside her womb have shown to be very different from the representations that she has about the infant that she imagines after his birth