La marca como intangible del sector público: la marca del consulado general del Ecuador en Madrid y del funcionario de ventanilla

Esta investigación se desarrolla en el marco de los intangibles en el sector público, un área de estudio que está en la intersección de varias disciplinas como son la Comunicación Pública, Comunicación Corporativa, Estudios de Administración Pública, Marketing Público y Relaciones Públicas. El objetivo central es aplicar el recurso intangible marca a la administración pública, y más concretamente, al funcionario de ventanilla. Y, comprobar, con la aplicación real, si la gestión de la marca crea una promesa de marca capaz de generar satisfacción en los usuarios al ser cumplida. El marco teórico profundiza en la gestión de intangibles en el sector público, tomando la idea que proporcionan los estudios de la marca en el sector privado (de donde procede la mayor parte de la literatura) como un bien intangible que permite realizar con carácter estratégico una promesa a los públicos. Para trasladar este concepto al público, se extrae su conceptualización, componentes (identidad de marca, imagen de marca, valor de marca y promesa de marca) y características. Se exploran además las singularidades para su aplicación a la administración pública..

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio