Tarptautinės testų adaptavimo gairės

International test adaptation guidelines.Profesionalams, susijusiems su sukurtų testų adaptacija kitose šalyse, gali būti naudinga susipažinti su dviem profesionalų patvirtintais dokumentais: Tarptautinės testų komisijos techniniu reglamentu testams adaptuoti ir Pedagoginio bei psichologinio testavimo standartais. Čia pateikiama apibendrinta informacija apie šiuos du dokumentus. Pridedamas literatūros sąrašas padės tiems, kuriems reikia papildomos informacijos

PSICOLOGIA ESCOLAR NO BRASIL:: PASSADO, PRESENTE E FUTURO

Historical trends in psychology and school psychology aretraced which helped establish Brazilian psychology, including school psychology.Its remarkable progress during the past 25 years has enabledpsychology to reach the third of five levels of development. The status ofschool psychology is compared to that of other nations. Possible avenuesfor the continued development of school psychology are suggested.Neste estudo são apresentadas as tendências históricas que auxiliaram a estabelecer a psicologia brasileira e, notadamente, a psicologia escolar. O progresso notável, durante os últimos 25 anos, ca­pacitou a psicologia no Brasil a alcançar o terceiro dentre cinco níveis de desenvolvimento. A situação atual da psicologia escolar no Brasil é com­parada com a de outras nações. São sugeridos possíveis caminhos para a continuação do desenvolvimento da psicobgia escolar brasileira

Directed self-assembly of block copolymers for use in bit patterned media fabrication

Reduction of the bit size in conventional magnetic recording media is becoming increasingly difficult due to the superparamagnetic limit. Bit patterned media (BPM) has been proposed as a replacement technology as it will enable hard disk areal densities to increase past 1 Tb in−2. Block copolymer directed self-assembly (BCP DSA) is the leading candidate for forming BPM due to its ability to create uniform patterns over macroscopic areas. Here we review the latest research into two different BCP DSA techniques: graphoepitaxy and chemoepitaxy (or chemical prepatterning). In addition to assessing their potential for forming high density bit patterns, we also review current approaches using these techniques for forming servo patterns, which are required for hard disk drive (HDD) operation. Finally, we review the current state of UV nanoimprint lithography, which is the favoured technique for enabling mass production of BPM HDDs

Constructing a framework for the use of tests within a developing nation's school system

Interpretive participatory action research methods were used to assist the education community in Botswana, a developing nation, to identify a framework for the use of tests in the nation’s schools. User preferences for understanding important learner-related qualities through the use of tests were emphasized. Participant informants were educators and school counselors (n = 1,221), learners (n = 355), parents/guardians (n = 162), and education program personnel from civic and multilateral agencies (n = 47). The learners and school personnel were drawn from a nationally representative sample of 328 schools (49% primary and 51% secondary levels; 92% public and 8% private schools). Data on the components and content of a prospective framework were gathered using concept mapping and preference methods. The data were analyzed to construct a locally grounded test use framework appropriate to the Botswana school system. Findings suggest a test use framework spanning the following preferred assessment domains: learning readiness, aptitude, personal development, community norms, socialization, and guidance and counseling. Learners and their parents/guardians prefer that learners access test information first from their classroom teachers followed by guidance and counseling personnel. The use of a consensus-driven multilayered participatory action research consultative processes to develop a framework for test use with the education community has potential for replication in educational and other settings in other developing countrieshttp://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/ipp/index.aspxhb201

British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG)-led multisociety consensus care bundle for the early clinical management of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding

Medical care bundles improve standards of care and patient outcomes. Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (AUGIB) is a common medical emergency which has been consistently associated with suboptimal care. We aimed to develop a multisociety care bundle centred on the early management of AUGIB. Commissioned by the British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG), a UK multisociety task force was assembled to produce an evidence-based and consensus-based care bundle detailing key interventions to be performed within 24 hours of presentation with AUGIB. A modified Delphi process was conducted with stakeholder representation from BSG, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, Society for Acute Medicine and the National Blood Transfusion Service of the UK. A formal literature search was conducted and international AUGIB guidelines reviewed. Evidence was appraised using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation tool and statements were formulated and subjected to anonymous electronic voting to achieve consensus. Accepted statements were eligible for incorporation into the final bundle after a separate round of voting. The final version of the care bundle was reviewed by the BSG Clinical Services and Standards Committee and approved by all stakeholder groups. Consensus was reached on 19 statements; these culminated in 14 corresponding care bundle items, contained within 6 management domains: Recognition, Resuscitation, Risk assessment, Rx (Treatment), Refer and Review. A multisociety care bundle for AUGIB has been developed to facilitate timely delivery of evidence-based interventions and drive quality improvement and patient outcomes in AUGIB

Measuring Disparities in Non-School Costs and Revenue Capacity Among Massachusetts Cities and Towns

This paper develops new measures of environmental costs and local revenue capacity as the basis for a new municipal aid formula in Massachusetts. On the cost side, unlike previous studies, we quantify the effects on local non-school spending of characteristics related to uncontrollable costs. On the capacity side, we account for the constraints of a tax limitation, for the first time in the literature, by estimating these constraints as a function of residents' incomes. The estimates of costs and capacity indicate substantial inter-local fiscal disparities in Massachusetts. Our approach is potentially applicable to other states

Not Quite a Block Party: COVID-19 Street Reallocation Programs in Seattle, WA and Vancouver, BC

The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed mobility inequities within cities. In response, cities are rapidly implementing street reallocation initiatives. These interventions provide space for walking and cycling, however, other mobility needs (e.g., essential workers, deliveries) may be impeded by these reallocation decisions. Informed by mobility justice frameworks, we examined socio-spatial differences in access to street reallocations in Seattle, Washington and Vancouver, British Columbia. In both cities, more interventions occurred in areas where people of color, particularly Black and Indigenous people, lived. In Seattle, more interventions occurred in areas where people with disabilities, on food stamps, and children lived. In Vancouver, more interventions occurred in areas where recent immigrants lived, or where people used public transit or cycled to work. Street reallocations could be opportunities for cities to redress inequities in mobility and access to public spaces. Going forward, it is imperative to monitor how cities use data and welcome communities to redesign these temporary spaces to be corridors for their own mobility