LEVANTAMENTO DE LAGARTAS (LEPIDOPTERA) NO PARQUE RECREATIVO SUCUPIRA E COMPARAÇÃO DE INTERAÇÕES COM PLANTAS HOSPEDEIRAS NO CERRADO DO BRASIL CENTRAL

Brazilian Cerrado is considered an important area for environment conservation, due to its high species’ richness and endemism. Nevertheless, this biome has been intensely destroyed because of its potential for agriculture – of plants and animals. For this reason, it is important to have tools to evaluate quickly the effects of such threats on biological diversity. A type of approach that has been investigated lately is using ecological interactions, since species exclusion or a change on its abundance caused by human disturbance may cause co-extinctions. Therefore, getting to know different aspects on interactions between species may be the fi rst step to understand the stability of an ecosystem after such threats. So, in the present work the utilization of fi ve plant species by caterpillars (Lepidoptera) was surveyed in a urban park at Planaltina, Federal District. Since there is quite an extensive information on the ecology of these animals at the region, this work aimed to compare the amount of interactions between caterpillars and plants at the urban park with data in the literature, considering the situation at wellpreserved areas. Besides, considering the level of integrity on interactions, it was also aimed to suggest how human visitation at the park threatens caterpillars. To this purpose, caterpillars were surveyed at fi ve host plants, Byrsonima coccolobifolia, Kielmeyera sp., Himathantus obovatus, Pouteria ramifl ora e Roupala montana, in June, when caterpillars are more abundant in the fi eld. Using the community structure that was found, it was estimated species richness at each host plant. It was found 32 caterpillar species. In four out of fi ve studied plants, the number of estimated species is not much lower than the ones at preserved areas. Only in R. montana it was not found a species richness as high as expected, by considering literature data. This work reinforces the application of rapid surveys for conservation actions and suggests that other groups of organism should be considered in the future to confi rm the preservation pattern of study area.O bioma Cerrado é considerado importante por abrigar alta riqueza de espécies e endemismos. No entanto, este vem sofrendo uma intensa destruição, devido ao seu potencial agrícola e pecuário. Por esse motivo, é importante que se tenham ferramentas para avaliar, de forma rápida, os efeitos dessas pressões na integridade da diversidade biológica. Uma das abordagens que vem sendo investigada é a de considerar interações ecológicas, porque a exclusão e/ou alteração da abundância de espécies, causada pela perturbação, podem promover co-extinção destas. Assim, conhecer diferentes características de interações entre espécies pode ser o primeiro passo para acessar a estabilidade do ecossistema frente a tais perturbações. Nesse sentido, no presente trabalho foi levantada a utilização de cinco espécies de plantas hospedeiras por lagartas (Lepidoptera), em um Parque urbano de Planaltina, no Distrito Federal. Uma vez que existe uma grande quantidade de informação ecológica sobre esses animais no Distrito Federal, o objetivo principal deste trabalho foi o de comparar a quantidade de interações lagartas x plantas encontradas no Parque urbano com a descrita na literatura científi ca para áreas mais preservadas. Além disso, através dessa comparação, considerando a integridade das interações, objetivou-se propor o grau de distúrbio causado pela visitação humana no Parque. Para isso, durante o mês de junho, quando há maior abundância de lagartas no campo, foi feito um levantamento das mesmas nas plantas Byrsonima coccolobifolia, Kielmeyera sp., Himathantus obovatus, Pouteria ramifl ora e Roupala montana. A partir da estrutura da comunidade de Lepidoptera encontrada, foi estimada a riqueza total de espécies de lagartas em cada planta hospedeira. Durante o levantamento, foram encontradas 32 espécies de lagartas no total. Em quatro espécies de plantas, os resultados obtidos pelas estimativas de riqueza de espécies indicaram que o número de interações encontradas no Parque urbano não é tão menor do que o encontrado nas áreas preservadas. Somente em R. montana foi encontrada uma riqueza de espécies abaixo à esperada, de acordo com as comunidades descritas na literatura. Sob esse aspecto, sugere-se que o Parque parece estar em bom estado de conservação. O presente trabalho reforça a aplicação de levantamentos rápidos em práticas de conservação e sugere a inclusão de novos grupos de organismos no futuro, para confi rmar o padrão sobre o grau de preservação da área de estudo

INCIDÊNCIA DO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE LESÕES RENAIS AGUDAS EM PACIENTES INTERNADOS NA UTI: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA

Acute renal failure (ARF) is the loss of kidney function that begins suddenly, regardless of the cause or mechanism, which can cause the accumulation of nitrogenous substances and may lead to a decrease in diuresis. The main risk factors for the development of AKI in the intensive care unit include ischemic, nephrotoxic, infectious and obstructive events, arterial hypotension, cardiovascular failure, liver failure, respiratory failure and neoplasia. Methodology: This integrative review aimed to identify the incidence of acute kidney injuries in patients hospitalized in Intensive Care Units (ICU). Primary articles were included, without time or language limitations, that answered the question: “What is the incidence of acute kidney injuries in patients admitted to the ICU?” The bibliographic search took place in November 2023, using the LILACS, SciELO and PubMed databases. Search terms were used, such as “Acute Kidney Injury”, “Intensive Care Unit” and “Nephrology”, combined with the Boolean operators AND and OR, according to the particularities of each database. Results: The incidence of developing acute kidney injuries in patients admitted to Intensive Care Units (ICUs) varies considerably and can be affected by a series of factors, such as previous clinical conditions, severity of the underlying disease, presence of shock, sepsis or use of nephrotoxic medications. It is a common complication associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes, including increased mortality and prolonged hospital stay. Early identification and appropriate management of these kidney injuries are crucial to reduce the negative impact on the health of patients admitted to the ICU. Conclusion: The study of certain risk factors can contribute to the intervention and prevention of renal dysfunction and thus minimize possible complications in these patients. The main causes of AKI development in patients admitted to intensive care units include sepsis, septic shock, respiratory disease and cardiovascular disease. A insuficiência renal aguda (IRA) é a perda da função renal iniciada de forma súbita, independentemente da causa ou mecanismo, podendo causar a acumulação de substâncias nitrogenadas, podendo apresentar a diminuição da diurese. Os principais fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de LRA na unidade de terapia intensiva abrangem eventos isquêmicos, nefrotóxicos, infecciosos e obstrutivos, hipotensão arterial, insuficiência cardiovascular, insuficiência hepática, insuficiência respiratória e neoplasia. Metodologia: Esta revisão integrativa teve como objetivo identificar a incidência de lesões renais agudas em pacientes hospitalizados em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTI). Foram incluídos artigos primários, sem limitações de tempo ou idioma, que respondessem à pergunta: “Qual é a incidência de lesões renais agudas em pacientes internados nas UTIs?” A busca bibliográfica ocorreu em novembro de 2023, utilizando as bases de dados LILACS, SciELO e PubMed. Foram empregados termos de busca, como “Injúria Renal Aguda”, “Unidade de Terapia Intensiva” e “Nefrologia”, combinados com os operadores booleanos AND e OR, de acordo com as particularidades de cada base de dados. Resultados: A incidência do desenvolvimento de lesões renais agudas em pacientes internados em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTIs) varia consideravelmente, podendo ser afetada por uma série de fatores, como condições clínicas prévias, gravidade da doença de base, presença de choque, sepse ou uso de medicamentos nefrotóxicos. Sendo uma complicação comum associada a desfechos clínicos desfavoráveis, incluindo aumento da mortalidade e prolongamento da internação hospitalar. A identificação precoce e o manejo adequado dessas lesões renais são cruciais para reduzir o impacto negativo sobre a saúde dos pacientes internados em UTI. Conclusão: O estudo de determinados fatores de risco pode contribuir para a intervenção e prevenção da disfunção renal e assim pode ser  minimizado as possíveis complicações nesses pacientes. As principais causas do desenvolvimento de LRA em pacientes internados em unidades de terapia intensiva incluem sepse, choque séptico, doença respiratória e doenças cardiovasculare

A influência da síndrome de ovários policísticos e síndrome metabólica na escolha do tipo de parto: revisão de literatura

Introduction: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and Metabolic Syndrome (MS) are interconnected through various physiological pathways, and their coexistence may have significant implications, especially during pregnancy and the childbirth process. During pregnancy, women with PCOS and MS may face an increased risk of obstetric complications. Regarding the impact on childbirth, PCOS and MS can influence the choice of the type of delivery. Methodology: This work constitutes a literature review, following the systematization with the five pillars described below. 1) Problem statement: "What is the influence of PCOS and MS on the choice of the type of delivery?". 2) Relevant studies were identified using the PUBMED platform with the descriptors "Metabolic Syndrome, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Parturition, Pregnancy," PUBMED all in accordance with MESH. 3) Initially, 11 studies were selected; 4 were discarded after a thorough reading as they did not contribute to the problem statement. 4) Data extraction was performed using a text editing program. 5) Experts were consulted. Results: The studies revealed that PCOS and MS are associated with a clinically significant increase in the risk of complications during pregnancy compared to control groups. Additionally, there is a 3 to 4 times higher likelihood of developing pregnancy-induced hypertension and preeclampsia, a threefold increase in the risk of gestational diabetes, and a twofold likelihood of premature birth. The elevated obstetric risk for women with PCOS is reflected in a higher rate of spontaneous abortion. Moreover, it was observed that, compared to the general population, PCOS and MS are more associated with cesarean delivery. Conclusion: Cesarean delivery is predominant in patients with PCOS and MS. Furthermore, there is a higher risk of developing pregnancy-induced hypertension, preeclampsia, and premature birth.Introdução: A síndrome dos ovários policísticos (SOP) e a síndrome metabólica (SM) estão interligadas por várias vias físicas, e sua coexistência pode ter implicações significativas, especialmente durante a gravidez e no processo de parto. Durante a gravidez, as mulheres SOP e SM podem enfrentar um risco aumentado de complicações obstétricas. Quanto ao impacto no parto, a SOP e a SM podem influenciar a escolha do tipo de parto Metodologia: Este trabalho trata-se de uma revisão de literatura, de acordo com a sistematização com os 5 pilares descritos a seguir. 1) Questão problema: “Qual a influência da SOP e SM na escolha do tipo de parto?”. 2) Estudos relevantes foram identificados utilizando na plataforma PUBMED os descritores “Metabolic Syndrome, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Parturition, Pregnancy”, na PUBMED, todos de acordo com MESH. 3) 11 estudos foram selecionados inicialmente, 4 foram descartados mediante leitura completa por não contribuir com a questão problema. 4) A extração de dados foi realizada em um programa de edição de texto. 5) Especialistas foram consultados.  Resultado: Os estudos revelaram que a SOP e SM estão associadas a um aumento clinicamente significativo no risco de complicações durante a gravidez, em comparação com os grupos de controle. Além disso, há uma probabilidade de 3 a 4 vezes maior de desenvolver hipertensão causada pela gravidez e pré-eclâmpsia, um aumento de 3 vezes sem risco de diabetes gestacional e uma probabilidade duas vezes maior de parto prematuro. O risco obstétrico elevado para mulheres com SOP se reflete em uma maior taxa de aborto espontâneo. Diante disso, observou-se que em relação a população em geral, SOP e SM associam-se mais com o parto cesariano. Conclusão: O parto cesariano é predominante em pacientes com SOP e SM. Além disso, há maior risco de desenvolver hipertensão causada pela gravidez, pré-eclâmpsia e parto prematuro

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO): Overview of pilot measurements on ecosystem ecology, meteorology, trace gases, and aerosols

The Amazon Basin plays key roles in the carbon and water cycles, climate change, atmospheric chemistry, and biodiversity. It has already been changed significantly by human activities, and more pervasive change is expected to occur in the coming decades. It is therefore essential to establish long-term measurement sites that provide a baseline record of present-day climatic, biogeochemical, and atmospheric conditions and that will be operated over coming decades to monitor change in the Amazon region, as human perturbations increase in the future. The Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO) has been set up in a pristine rain forest region in the central Amazon Basin, about 150 km northeast of the city of Manaus. Two 80 m towers have been operated at the site since 2012, and a 325 m tower is nearing completion in mid-2015. An ecological survey including a biodiversity assessment has been conducted in the forest region surrounding the site. Measurements of micrometeorological and atmospheric chemical variables were initiated in 2012, and their range has continued to broaden over the last few years. The meteorological and micrometeorological measurements include temperature and wind profiles, precipitation, water and energy fluxes, turbulence components, soil temperature profiles and soil heat fluxes, radiation fluxes, and visibility. A tree has been instrumented to measure stem profiles of temperature, light intensity, and water content in cryptogamic covers. The trace gas measurements comprise continuous monitoring of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane, and ozone at five to eight different heights, complemented by a variety of additional species measured during intensive campaigns (e.g., VOC, NO, NO2, and OH reactivity). Aerosol optical, microphysical, and chemical measurements are being made above the canopy as well as in the canopy space. They include aerosol light scattering and absorption, fluorescence, number and volume size distributions, chemical composition, cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations, and hygroscopicity. In this paper, we discuss the scientific context of the ATTO observatory and present an overview of results from ecological, meteorological, and chemical pilot studies at the ATTO site. © Author(s) 2015

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost