Estudio de distintos brotes de intoxicación alimentaria por toxina estafilocócica presente en queso curado de oveja

A finales del año 2012, se notificaron al Sistema de Alertas de Salud Pública de Andalucía ocho brotes de intoxicación alimentaria causados por una toxina estafilocócica. Siete de ellos relacionados con un mismo restaurante. Dos brotes más en el mismo restaurante no fueron notificados por no acudir los afectados a los servicios asistenciales. Tras la hipótesis de que los brotes habían sido producidos por el consumo de un queso hecho de leche de oveja cruda, se realizaron tres estudios de casos y controles y uno de cohortes para los tres últimos brotes. De 85 adultos encuestados enfermaron 48, no se afectaron niños. En la encuesta epidemiológica se recogieron variables de persona, lugar y tiempo. Se realizaron inspecciones alimentarias con inmovilización cautelar y toma de muestras del queso sospechoso y se estudiaron a los manipuladores. Se tomaron coprocultivos a enfermos. La clínica predominante fue diarrea, dolor abdominal, nauseas, vómitos y febrícula. El periodo de mediano fue de 6 horas. En el análisis de regresión logística múltiple se obtuvo que los que comieron el queso sospechoso en alguno de los tres eventos tuvieron un riesgo 21 veces superior a que los que no comieron (OR ajustada= 21,33; IC95% 2,6-174,5). En las cinco muestras de queso se encontró la presencia de enterotoxina estafilocócica con método europeo CRL:2009. El resultado de los cuatro coprocultivos realizados a enfermos fue negativo a virus y enterobacterias, no se pudieron estudiar toxinas. Desde el punto de vista clínico, epidemiológico, estadístico y de los datos derivados del laboratorio, podemos afirmar que la fuente de infección fue el queso curado de oveja que vehiculaba una enterotoxina producida por Staphilococcus Aureus. No tenemos conocimiento de este tipo de toxinfeción alimentaria, con queso curado de oveja en España.At the end of 2012, eight food poisoning outbreaks caused by a staphylococcal toxin were reported to the Andalusian Public Health Alert System. Seven of them related to the same restaurant. Two more outbreaks in the same restaurant were not notified due to the fact that the affected people did not turned to the care services. Maintaining the hypothesis that outbreaks were produced by consuming a cheese made from raw sheep’s milk, three case-control studies and one cohort study were performed for the last three outbreaks. 48 out of the 85 surveyed adults became ill and no child did. In the epidemiological survey variables of person, place and time were collected. Food inspections were carried out with precautionary immobilization and sampling of the suspected cheese and the manipulators were studied. Stool cultures were done to patients. The predominant symptoms were diarrhoea, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and low fever. The median incubation period was 6 hours. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, it was obtained that those who ate the suspect cheese in any of the three events had a 21 times higher risk than those who did not eat (adjusted OR = 21.33, 95% CI: 2.6-174, 5). In the five cheese samples staphylococcal enterotoxins were found using European method CRL: 2009. The result of the four stool cultures made to patients was negative with respect to viruses and enterobacteria, toxins could not be studied. From the clinical, epidemiological, statistical perspective and using the laboratory data, we can affirm that the source of infection was mature sheep cheese which carried an enterotoxin produced by Staphilococcus Aureus. We are not aware of this type of food poisoning with mature sheep cheese in Spain

A Novel Methodology to Estimate Single-Tree Biophysical Parameters from 3D Digital Imagery Compared to Aerial Laser Scanner Data

Airborne laser scanner (ALS) data provide an enhanced capability to remotely map two key variables in forestry: leaf area index (LAI) and tree height (H). Nevertheless, the cost, complexity and accessibility of this technology are not yet suited for meeting the broad demands required for estimating and frequently updating forest data. Here we demonstrate the capability of alternative solutions based on the use of low-cost color infrared (CIR) cameras to estimate tree-level parameters, providing a cost-effective solution for forest inventories. ALS data were acquired with a Leica ALS60 laser scanner and digital aerial imagery (DAI) was acquired with a consumer-grade camera modified for color infrared detection and synchronized with a GPS unit. In this paper we evaluate the generation of a DAI-based canopy height model (CHM) from imagery obtained with low-cost CIR cameras using structure from motion (SfM) and spatial interpolation methods in the context of a complex canopy, as in forestry. Metrics were calculated from the DAI-based CHM and the DAI-based Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) for the estimation of tree height and LAI, respectively. Results were compared with the models estimated from ALS point cloud metrics. Field measurements of tree height and effective leaf area index (LAIe) were acquired from a total of 200 and 26 trees, respectively. Comparable accuracies were obtained in the tree height and LAI estimations using ALS and DAI data independently. Tree height estimated from DAI-based metrics (Percentile 90 (P90) and minimum height (MinH)) yielded a coefficient of determination (R2) = 0.71 and a root mean square error (RMSE) = 0.71 m while models derived from ALS-based metrics (P90) yielded an R2 = 0.80 and an RMSE = 0.55 m. The estimation of LAI from DAI-based NDVI using Percentile 99 (P99) yielded an R2 = 0.62 and an RMSE = 0.17 m2/m−2. A comparative analysis of LAI estimation using ALS-based metrics (laser penetration index (LPI), interquartile distance (IQ), and Percentile 30 (P30)) yielded an R2 = 0.75 and an RMSE = 0.14 m2/m−2. The results provide insight on the appropriateness of using cost-effective 3D photo-reconstruction methods for targeting single trees with irregular and heterogeneous tree crowns in complex open-canopy forests. It quantitatively demonstrates that low-cost CIR cameras can be used to estimate both single-tree height and LAI in forest inventories

Prevención de Enfermedades Del sistema circulatorio en población joven de la ciudad de Bogotá

Imágenes, Gráficas, link de videoEl presente trabajo tiene como objetivo en primera instancia identificar el tipo de hábitos que tiene la juventud de la ciudad de Bogotá en la actualidad ya que de acuerdo con el ASIS departamental 2022 la principal causa de mortalidad para el departamento son las enfermedades circulatorias por tal motivo se realizó una encuesta a la población Joven de la ciudad de Bogotá donde se tomó una muestra aleatoria de 40 personas entre las edades de 14-30 años conformada por conocidos y familiares de los integrantes del grupo. Una vez analizada y organizada la información se tendrán en cuenta los resultados más críticos con el fin de crear una campaña publicitaria compuesta principalmente por carteles y videos informativos que se difundirán en redes sociales tales como YouTube Facebook, Tik Tok, Instagram entre otras donde se incentive a los jóvenes a tomar conciencia en la implementación de hábitos saludables que ayuden a mejorar las condiciones de vida en las etapas de adultez y vejez. Esta información pretende que los jóvenes comprendan la importancia de implementar hábitos saludables desde las etapas tempranas de la vida y cambien esa percepción de que las enfermedades solo son tema de la vejez si no por el contrario entiendan que cuidarse en la juventud garantiza una vida saludable para el resto de la vida.The objective of this work is, in the first instance, to identify the type of habits that the youth of the city of Bogotá currently have, since according to the departmental ASIS 2022, the main cause of mortality for the department are circulatory diseases for this reason. A survey was carried out on the young population of the city of Bogotá where a random sample of 40 people between the ages of 14-30 years made up of acquaintances and relatives of the members of the group was taken. Once the information has been analyzed and organized, the most critical results will be taken into account in order to create an advertising campaign composed mainly of posters and informative videos that will be disseminated on social networks such as You Tube, Facebook, Tik Tok, Instagram, among others where encourage young people to become aware of the implementation of healthy habits that help improve living conditions in the stages of adulthood and old age This information is intended for young people to understand the importance of implementing healthy habits from the early stages of life and change the perception that diseases are only a matter of old age if not, on the contrary, they understand that taking care of themselves in youth guarantees a healthy life for the rest of life

A PD-L1/EGFR bispecific antibody combines immune checkpoint blockade and direct anti-cancer action for an enhanced anti-tumor response

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) with antibodies has shown durable clinical responses in a wide range of cancer types, but the overall response rate is still limited. Other effective therapeutic modalities to increase the ICB response rates are urgently needed. New bispecific antibody (bsAb) formats combining the ICB effect and a direct action on cancer cells could improve the efficacy of current immunotherapies. Here, we report the development of a PD-L1/EGFR symmetric bsAb by fusing a dual-targeting tandem trimmer body with the human IgG1 hinge and Fc regions. The bsAb was characterized in vitro and the antitumor efficacy was evaluated in humanized mice bearing xenografts of aggressive triple-negative breast cancer and lung cancer. The IgG-like hexavalent bsAb, designated IgTT-1E, was able to simultaneously bind both EGFR and PD-L1 antigens, inhibit EGF-mediated proliferation, effectively block PD-1/PD-L1 interaction, and induce strong antigen-specific antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity activity in vitro. Potent therapeutic efficacies of IgTT-1E in two different humanized mouse models were observed, where tumor growth control was associated with a significantly increased proportion of CD8+ T cells. These results support the development of IgTT-1E for the treatment of EGFR+ cancers.L.A-V. was supported by grants from the MCIN/AEI/10.13039/ 501100011033 (PID2020-117323RB-100 and PDC2021-121711-100), the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (DTS20/00089), the CRIS Cancer Foundation (FCRIS-2021-0090), the Spanish Association Against Cancer (PROYE19084ALVA), the Fundación ‘‘La Caixa’’ (HR21-00761 project IL7R_LungCan) and the Fundación de Investigación Biomédica 12 de Octubre Programa Investiga (2022-0082). B.B and L.S. were supported by grants PI20/01030 and PI19/00132 from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI20/01030). FJB and MF-G were supported by grants PID2020- 113225GB-I00 and PRE2018-085788 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/ 501100011033. L.R-P. was supported by a predoctoral fellowship from the Immunology Chair, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria/Merck. C. D-A. was supported by a predoctoral fellowship from the MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 (PRE2018-083445). L.D-A. was supported by a Rio Hortega fellowship from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CM20/ 00004). O.H. was supported by an industrial PhD fellowship from the Comunidad de Madrid (IND2020/BMD-17668). AE-L was supported industrial PhD fellowship from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (IFI18/ 00045)Peer reviewe

Risk Factors for COVID-19 in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A National, ENEIDA-Based Case–Control Study (COVID-19-EII)

(1) Scant information is available concerning the characteristics that may favour the acquisition of COVID-19 in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess these differences between infected and noninfected patients with IBD. (2) This nationwide case-control study evaluated patients with inflammatory bowel disease with COVID-19 (cases) and without COVID-19 (controls) during the period March-July 2020 included in the ENEIDA of GETECCU. (3) A total of 496 cases and 964 controls from 73 Spanish centres were included. No differences were found in the basal characteristics between cases and controls. Cases had higher comorbidity Charlson scores (24% vs. 19%; p = 0.02) and occupational risk (28% vs. 10.5%; p < 0.0001) more frequently than did controls. Lockdown was the only protective measure against COVID-19 (50% vs. 70%; p < 0.0001). No differences were found in the use of systemic steroids, immunosuppressants or biologics between cases and controls. Cases were more often treated with 5-aminosalicylates (42% vs. 34%; p = 0.003). Having a moderate Charlson score (OR: 2.7; 95%CI: 1.3-5.9), occupational risk (OR: 2.9; 95%CI: 1.8-4.4) and the use of 5-aminosalicylates (OR: 1.7; 95%CI: 1.2-2.5) were factors for COVID-19. The strict lockdown was the only protective factor (OR: 0.1; 95%CI: 0.09-0.2). (4) Comorbidities and occupational exposure are the most relevant factors for COVID-19 in patients with IBD. The risk of COVID-19 seems not to be increased by immunosuppressants or biologics, with a potential effect of 5-aminosalicylates, which should be investigated further and interpreted with caution

Memoria del IV Coloquio Internacional sobre Diversidad Cultural y Estudios Regionales

Esta memoria del IV Coloquio Internacional sobre Diversidad Cultural y Estudios Regionales: Escenarios de la heterogeneidad, memorias y culturas, realizada por el Centro de Investigaciones sobre Diversidad Cultural y Estudios Regionales, CIDICER, en 2016, compila las ponencias presentadas, las cuales se organizan por ejes temáticos, en 7 apartados: Culturas, Identidades e Imaginarios, Literatura Cultura e Identidades, Estéticas de la Heterogeneidad, Pluriculturalidad y Grupos Minoritarios, Diversidad Cultural e Identidades, Literatura, Identidades y Género.UCR::Sedes Regionales::Sede de Occidente::Recinto San Ramón::Centro de Investigaciones sobre Diversidad Cultural y Estudios Regionales (CIDICER

Correction : Chaparro et al. Incidence, Clinical Characteristics and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Spain: Large-Scale Epidemiological Study. J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10, 2885

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...]

Incidence, Clinical Characteristics and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Spain : Large-Scale Epidemiological Study

(1) Aims: To assess the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Spain, to describe the main epidemiological and clinical characteristics at diagnosis and the evolution of the disease, and to explore the use of drug treatments. (2) Methods: Prospective, population-based nationwide registry. Adult patients diagnosed with IBD-Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) or IBD unclassified (IBD-U)-during 2017 in Spain were included and were followed-up for 1 year. (3) Results: We identified 3611 incident cases of IBD diagnosed during 2017 in 108 hospitals covering over 22 million inhabitants. The overall incidence (cases/100,000 person-years) was 16 for IBD, 7.5 for CD, 8 for UC, and 0.5 for IBD-U; 53% of patients were male and median age was 43 years (interquartile range = 31-56 years). During a median 12-month follow-up, 34% of patients were treated with systemic steroids, 25% with immunomodulators, 15% with biologics and 5.6% underwent surgery. The percentage of patients under these treatments was significantly higher in CD than UC and IBD-U. Use of systemic steroids and biologics was significantly higher in hospitals with high resources. In total, 28% of patients were hospitalized (35% CD and 22% UC patients, p < 0.01). (4) Conclusion: The incidence of IBD in Spain is rather high and similar to that reported in Northern Europe. IBD patients require substantial therapeutic resources, which are greater in CD and in hospitals with high resources, and much higher than previously reported. One third of patients are hospitalized in the first year after diagnosis and a relevant proportion undergo surgery

Hacia una práctica de aprendizaje-servicio a través de la literatura y el cine en el Grado de Estudios Ingleses: herramientas pedagógicas y educativas para desmantelar discursos colectivos de miedo

Memoria ID-096. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2019-2020.[ES]El objetivo del proyecto es fomentar el aprendizaje-servicio en el Grado de Estudios Ingleses, en temáticas consideradas no canónicas (literaturas y cines postcoloniales de diversidad racial, de género y sexual) para estudiar y promover análisis e intervenciones sobre cómo constructos culturales y performativos vertebran discursos de miedo, y establecer dinámicas de intervención, ordenación y, en la mayoría de los casos, subalternida

Prácticas de Aprendizaje-servicio a través de la literatura y el cine en el Grado de Estudios Ingleses: Creación de un archivo virtual de pedagogías y acciones disidentes contra los discursos de miedo

Memoria ID-067 Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2020-2021