Progress of Cooperative Banks in India

Cooperative is one of the oldest and effective systems in terms of development of human civilization. Cooperative institutions are organized and managed on the principle of cooperation, self-help and mutual help. There are different types of cooperative institutions functioning in India. As far as the institutional credit structure is concerned, cooperatives play a significant role in this regard. Cooperative credit institutions are spread all over India and are providing their services at the grass root level. As main portion of the population in India lives in rural areas so it is important to strengthen the cooperative credit institutions in these areas. The major advantage of the institutions is their strong branch network which covers entire area of the country. This paper attempts to study the Co-operative Banking in India. The paper mainly focuses on the branch networking, capital, advances, deposits, borrowing, loans issued and outstanding performance of these banks in India. Basically we have studied the growth and performance of Co-operative Banks in India. The study is based on secondary data. The data required for the study has been collected from RBI annual reports, Journals, reports on trend and progress of banking in India, Annual Reports of NAFSCOB etc

Intraperitoneal drain placement and outcomes after elective colorectal surgery: international matched, prospective, cohort study

Despite current guidelines, intraperitoneal drain placement after elective colorectal surgery remains widespread. Drains were not associated with earlier detection of intraperitoneal collections, but were associated with prolonged hospital stay and increased risk of surgical-site infections.Background Many surgeons routinely place intraperitoneal drains after elective colorectal surgery. However, enhanced recovery after surgery guidelines recommend against their routine use owing to a lack of clear clinical benefit. This study aimed to describe international variation in intraperitoneal drain placement and the safety of this practice. Methods COMPASS (COMPlicAted intra-abdominal collectionS after colorectal Surgery) was a prospective, international, cohort study which enrolled consecutive adults undergoing elective colorectal surgery (February to March 2020). The primary outcome was the rate of intraperitoneal drain placement. Secondary outcomes included: rate and time to diagnosis of postoperative intraperitoneal collections; rate of surgical site infections (SSIs); time to discharge; and 30-day major postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo grade at least III). After propensity score matching, multivariable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to estimate the independent association of the secondary outcomes with drain placement. Results Overall, 1805 patients from 22 countries were included (798 women, 44.2 per cent; median age 67.0 years). The drain insertion rate was 51.9 per cent (937 patients). After matching, drains were not associated with reduced rates (odds ratio (OR) 1.33, 95 per cent c.i. 0.79 to 2.23; P = 0.287) or earlier detection (hazard ratio (HR) 0.87, 0.33 to 2.31; P = 0.780) of collections. Although not associated with worse major postoperative complications (OR 1.09, 0.68 to 1.75; P = 0.709), drains were associated with delayed hospital discharge (HR 0.58, 0.52 to 0.66; P < 0.001) and an increased risk of SSIs (OR 2.47, 1.50 to 4.05; P < 0.001). Conclusion Intraperitoneal drain placement after elective colorectal surgery is not associated with earlier detection of postoperative collections, but prolongs hospital stay and increases SSI risk

Significant benefits of AIP testing and clinical screening in familial isolated and young-onset pituitary tumors

Context Germline mutations in the aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein (AIP) gene are responsible for a subset of familial isolated pituitary adenoma (FIPA) cases and sporadic pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs). Objective To compare prospectively diagnosed AIP mutation-positive (AIPmut) PitNET patients with clinically presenting patients and to compare the clinical characteristics of AIPmut and AIPneg PitNET patients. Design 12-year prospective, observational study. Participants & Setting We studied probands and family members of FIPA kindreds and sporadic patients with disease onset ≤18 years or macroadenomas with onset ≤30 years (n = 1477). This was a collaborative study conducted at referral centers for pituitary diseases. Interventions & Outcome AIP testing and clinical screening for pituitary disease. Comparison of characteristics of prospectively diagnosed (n = 22) vs clinically presenting AIPmut PitNET patients (n = 145), and AIPmut (n = 167) vs AIPneg PitNET patients (n = 1310). Results Prospectively diagnosed AIPmut PitNET patients had smaller lesions with less suprasellar extension or cavernous sinus invasion and required fewer treatments with fewer operations and no radiotherapy compared with clinically presenting cases; there were fewer cases with active disease and hypopituitarism at last follow-up. When comparing AIPmut and AIPneg cases, AIPmut patients were more often males, younger, more often had GH excess, pituitary apoplexy, suprasellar extension, and more patients required multimodal therapy, including radiotherapy. AIPmut patients (n = 136) with GH excess were taller than AIPneg counterparts (n = 650). Conclusions Prospectively diagnosed AIPmut patients show better outcomes than clinically presenting cases, demonstrating the benefits of genetic and clinical screening. AIP-related pituitary disease has a wide spectrum ranging from aggressively growing lesions to stable or indolent disease course

Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of 1-(5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)-3,6-diaryl-4-thioxo-1,3,5-triazinan-2-ones

223-228Treatment of 3-benzalamino-5-methylisoxazoles 1 with ammonium thiocyanate in hot acetic acid affords the corresponding N-isothiocyanato(phenyl)methyl-N-(5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)amines 2a-j in excellent yields. N-Isoxazolyl-α-aminoisothiocyanates 2a-j on reaction with aryl isocyanates undergoes cyclization to give the corresponding isoxazolyl-4-thioxo-1,3,5-triazinan-2-ones 3a-l in good yields. The compounds 2a-j and 3a-l have been screened for their antimicrobial activity

An efficient one-pot synthesis of isoxazolyl polyhydroquinolines <i style="">via</i> Hantzsch condensation using L-proline as catalyst

751-755L-Proline is employed as an efficient organo catalyst for the one-pot, four component Hantzsch reaction for the synthesis of isoxazolyl polyhydroquinoline derivatives. This method is environmentally benign, affords excellent yields and has operational simplicity and isoxazole amines are used for the first time in this synthesis

Synthesis of <i style="">N-</i>1-(3,5-dimethyl-4-isoxozolyl)-3-(4-aryl-5-thioxo-4,5-dihydro-1-<i style="">H</i>–1, 2, 4-triazol–3-yl)propanamides as possible antitumor agents

1667-1670Synthesis of N-1 (3, 5-dimethyl-4-isoxazolyl)-3-(4-aryl-5-thioxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-propanamides 7 have been accomplished from 4-amino-3,5-dimethylisoxazole 1 in five steps. The structural elucidation of the synthesized compounds has been performed by IR, 1H NMR and mass spectroscopic data besides elemental analyses

Synthesis of new isoxazolyl coumarins by eco-friendly dipyridine cobalt chloride catalyzed Pechmann reaction at ambient temperature

532-535Dipyridine cobalt chloride is used as an alternative conven­tional Lewis acid catalyst in the Pechmann condensation of iso­xazolyl phenols with β-ketoesters leading to the formation of isoxazolyl coumarins. The method is simple, cost-effective and at ambient temperature gives good yields

Synthesis of some novel isoxazolyl pyrimido[4,5-<i style="">d</i>][1,3]-thiazol-7-ones, isoxazolyl-2-(4-oxo-4<i style="">H</i>-1,3-benzothiazin-2-yl)acetamides and isoxazolyl thiazolidinones from isoxazolyl cyanoacetamide synthon

721-728The synthesis of title compounds has been achieved from isoxazolyl cyanoacetamide 2 synthon. Isoxazolyl cyanoacetamide 2 has been obtained by reaction of 4-amino-3-methyl-5-styrylisoxazole 1 with ethyl cyanoacetate. The cyclocondensation of 2 with aryl isothiocyanates in presence of sulphur followed by subsequent reaction with acetic anhydride afforded isoxazolylpyrimido[4,5-d][1,3]-thiazol-7-ones 4a-i. Compounds 2 have been converted to isoxazolyl 2-(4-oxo-4H-1,3-benzothiazin-2-yl)acetamides 5a-f by treatment with 2-sulfonyl benzoic acid in boiling acetic acid. Cyclocondensation of 2 with thioglycolic acid in boiling acetic acid furnishes isoxazolyl thiazolidinones 6a-f in excellent yields. The newly synthesized compounds 2-6 have been characterized by IR, 1H NMR and mass spectral studies

A one-pot synthesis of isoxazolyl benzo[<i style="">b</i>] [1,4] oxazin-3(4<i style="">H</i>)-ones <i>via </i>Smiles rearrangement

1413-1416A one-pot synthesis of isoxazolyl benzo[b] [1,4]oxazin-3(4H)-ones has been achieved by interaction of 2-chlorophenols, chloroacetyl chloride and different isoxazole amines involving Smiles rearrangement from readily available starting materials