Análisis de la situación social del niño asmático (caso específico: Unidad Periférica zona 5, del Instituto Guatemalteco de Seguridad Social).

La mayoría de la población de niños asmáticos está constituida por infantes entre las edades de 0 a 1 año, quienes por su corta edad manifiestan una dependencia hacia su madre, por lo que debe estar capacitada para manejar las situaciones de crisis en ellos, aunque se ha notado la poca participación de los padres de familia en el proceso de capacitación y organización sobre el tema de asma. Este es un factor de interés grupal para iniciar el proceso de formación de un grupo de madres con niños asmáticos. La Pediatría de la Unidad Periférica zona 5 cuenta con grupos de trabajo y con un club de asmáticos con el cual prestan apoyo a sus afiliados

Caretaker Score Reliability for Personality Assessment of Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus)

The evaluation of zoo animals' personalities can likely lead to a range of benefits, including improving breeding success, creating stable social groups, and designing and developing environmental enrichment programmes. The goal of this study was to use caretakers scores to evaluate personality in bottlenose dolphins and to assess the reliability of scores within each rater and among raters from each centre. To this end, 24 caretakers from 3 countries (Spain, France, and Argentina), including a total of 5 dolphinariums and 6 groups of dolphins, used a questionnaire based on the Five-Factor Model of Personality to score bottlenose dolphins on a number of personality traits in three different contexts. Each caretaker evaluated the animals under their care twice, ensuring that raters did not share thoughts nor impressions with other raters. Our findings showed a good degree of agreement between each rater's scores and a fair degree of agreement among scores of raters from the same centre. We also identified which raters and centres had significant mean score differences and detected that 4 out of 24 raters from two different centres showed such differences systematically. The evaluation of raters' reliability and the identification of particular inconsistent raters and centres is critical to make more appropriate and realistic management decisions that, in turn, directly impact animals' welfare

Metodología para predecir el consumo energético de checkpoints en sistemas de HPC

Mientras el rendimiento de los sistemas de computación de altas prestaciones continúa creciendo, las máquinas aumentan signi ficativamente en cantidad de unidades de procesamiento. Esto hace que la tolerancia a fallos y el consumo energético se conviertan en factores cada vez más relevantes. Los métodos de tolerancia a fallos tienen fuerte incidencia en el consumo energético, y resulta de suma importancia conocer, antes de ejecutar una cierta aplicación, el impacto que pueden producir los diferentes métodos y confi guraciones del mismo. En este trabajo, presentamos una metodología para predecir el consumo energético producido por el método de checkpoint coordinado remoto. La metodología se basa en una caracterización energética del sistema, una caracterízación de la aplicación, y un modelo analítico que se instancia con los parámetros caracterizados. El modelo permite predecir la energíaque consumirán los checkpoints para cualquier tamaño de problema y frecuencia de CPU de ejecución de checkpoints. Los resultados de las predicciones muestran una precisión mayor al 95 %.Eje: XIV Workshop de Procesamiento Distribuido y ParaleloRed de Universidades con Carreras de Informática (RedUNCI

Metodología para predecir el consumo energético de checkpoints en sistemas de HPC

Mientras el rendimiento de los sistemas de computación de altas prestaciones continúa creciendo, las máquinas aumentan signi ficativamente en cantidad de unidades de procesamiento. Esto hace que la tolerancia a fallos y el consumo energético se conviertan en factores cada vez más relevantes. Los métodos de tolerancia a fallos tienen fuerte incidencia en el consumo energético, y resulta de suma importancia conocer, antes de ejecutar una cierta aplicación, el impacto que pueden producir los diferentes métodos y confi guraciones del mismo. En este trabajo, presentamos una metodología para predecir el consumo energético producido por el método de checkpoint coordinado remoto. La metodología se basa en una caracterización energética del sistema, una caracterízación de la aplicación, y un modelo analítico que se instancia con los parámetros caracterizados. El modelo permite predecir la energíaque consumirán los checkpoints para cualquier tamaño de problema y frecuencia de CPU de ejecución de checkpoints. Los resultados de las predicciones muestran una precisión mayor al 95 %.Eje: XIV Workshop de Procesamiento Distribuido y ParaleloRed de Universidades con Carreras de Informática (RedUNCI

Metodología para predecir el consumo energético de checkpoints en sistemas de HPC

Mientras el rendimiento de los sistemas de computación de altas prestaciones continúa creciendo, las máquinas aumentan signi ficativamente en cantidad de unidades de procesamiento. Esto hace que la tolerancia a fallos y el consumo energético se conviertan en factores cada vez más relevantes. Los métodos de tolerancia a fallos tienen fuerte incidencia en el consumo energético, y resulta de suma importancia conocer, antes de ejecutar una cierta aplicación, el impacto que pueden producir los diferentes métodos y confi guraciones del mismo. En este trabajo, presentamos una metodología para predecir el consumo energético producido por el método de checkpoint coordinado remoto. La metodología se basa en una caracterización energética del sistema, una caracterízación de la aplicación, y un modelo analítico que se instancia con los parámetros caracterizados. El modelo permite predecir la energíaque consumirán los checkpoints para cualquier tamaño de problema y frecuencia de CPU de ejecución de checkpoints. Los resultados de las predicciones muestran una precisión mayor al 95 %.Eje: XIV Workshop de Procesamiento Distribuido y ParaleloRed de Universidades con Carreras de Informática (RedUNCI

Some Issues to Consider in the Management of Energy Consumption in HPC Systems with Fault Tolerance

Inquiring about different ways to reduce energy consumption during the execution of large-scale applications is essential to maintain and increase the enormous computing power achieved in HPC systems. Fault tolerance methods can have an impact on power consumption. In particular, rollback-recovery methods using uncoordinated checkpoints prevent all processes from re-executing in the event of a failure. In this context, it is possible to take actions on the nodes of the processes that do not re-execute to reduce energy consumption. In this work, we describe some issues to consider when we extend the application of energy-saving strategies beyond the nodes that communicate directly with the failed one.Instituto de Investigación en Informátic

Towards Management of Energy Consumption in HPC Systems with Fault Tolerance

High-performance computing continues to increase its computing power and energy efficiency. However, energy consumption continues to rise and finding ways to limit and/or decrease it is a crucial point in current research. For high-performance MPI applications, there are rollback recovery based fault tolerance methods, such as uncoordinated checkpoints. These methods allow only some processes to go back in the face of failure, while the rest of the processes continue to run. In this article, we focus on the processes that continue execution, and propose a series of strategies to manage energy consumption when a failure occurs and uncoordinated checkpoints are used. We present an energy model to evaluate strategies and through simulation we analyze the behavior of an application under different configurations and failure time. As a result, we show the feasibility of improving energy efficiency in HPC systems in the presence of a failure.Instituto de Investigación en InformáticaComisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la provincia de Buenos Aire

Oxidative Stress in Drug-Induced Liver Injury (DILI): From Mechanisms to Biomarkers for Use in Clinical Practice

Idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a type of hepatic injury caused by an uncommon drug adverse reaction that can develop to conditions spanning from asymptomatic liver laboratoryabnormalitiestoacuteliverfailure(ALF)anddeath.Thecellularandmolecularmecha- nisms involved in DILI are poorly understood. Hepatocyte damage can be caused by the metabolic activation of chemically active intermediate metabolites that covalently bind to macromolecules (e.g., proteins, DNA), forming protein adducts—neoantigens—that lead to the generation of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which can eventually lead to cell death. In parallel, damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) stimulate the immune response, whereby inflammasomes play a pivotal role, and neoantigen presentation on specific human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules trigger the adaptive immune response. A wide array of antioxidant mechanisms exists to counterbalance the effect of oxidants, including glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), which are pivotal in detoxification. These get compromised during DILI, triggering an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants defense systems, generating oxidative stress. As a result of exacerbated oxidative stress, several danger signals, including mitochondrial damage, cell death, and inflammatory markers, and microRNAs (miRNAs) related to extracellular vesicles (EVs) have already been reported as mechanis- tic biomarkers. Here, the status quo and the future directions in DILI are thoroughly discussed, with a special focus on the role of oxidative stress and the development of new biomarkers.This work was supported by the MINECO Retos SAF2016-78711, EXOHEP-CM S2017/BMD- 3727, NanoLiver-CM Y2018/NMT-4949, ERAB Ref. EA 18/14, AMMF 2018/117, FIS-FEDER PI16_01748, PI19-00883, UMA18-FEDERJA-194, PY18-3364_PY19 and UCM-25-2019. FJC is a Ramón y Cajal Researcher RYC-2014-15242 and a Gilead Liver Research 2018. The research group belongs to the validated Research Groups Ref. 970935 “Liver Pathophysiology” and 920631 “Lymphocyte immunobiology” and IBL-6 (imas12-associated). This article/publication is based upon work from COST Action “CA17112—Prospective European Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network” supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology); www.cost.eu; accessed 4 March 2021. CIBERehd is funded by ISCiii

Prediction of energy consumption by checkpoint/restart in HPC

The fault tolerance method most used today in high-performance computing (HPC) is coordinated checkpointing. This, like any other fault tolerance method, adds additional energy consumption to that of the execution of the application. Currently, knowing and minimizing this energy consumption is a challenge. The objective of this paper is to propose a model to estimate the energy consumption of checkpoint and restart operations and a method for its construction. These estimates allow the evaluation of different scenarios in order to minimize energy consumption. We focus on coordinated checkpoint/restart at the system level, in single-program multiple-data (SPMD) applications, on homogeneous clusters. We study the behavior of the power dissipated by the compute node during a checkpoint/restart operation, as well as its execution time, considering different parameters of the system and the application. The experimentation carried out on two platforms shows the validity of the proposal. We also evaluate the impact on power and energy consumption of the processor's C states, the configuration of the network file system (NFS), where the checkpoint files are stored, and the compression of the checkpoint files. This paper contributes to the objective of predicting energy consumption in the execution of applications that use checkpoint/restart. Not counting the outliers, we can estimate the energy consumed by checkpoint/restart operations with errors lower than 7.5%