Proper Hamiltonian Cycles in Edge-Colored Multigraphs

A $c$-edge-colored multigraph has each edge colored with one of the $c$ available colors and no two parallel edges have the same color. A proper Hamiltonian cycle is a cycle containing all the vertices of the multigraph such that no two adjacent edges have the same color. In this work we establish sufficient conditions for a multigraph to have a proper Hamiltonian cycle, depending on several parameters such as the number of edges and the rainbow degree.Comment: 13 page

El mundo del trabajo indígena en Los Andes durante la colonia

El trabajo que presenté es un ensayo de opinión, cuyo referato se publica conjuntamente con mi respuesta. Resumen:¿Cómo lograron los conquistadores que la población indígena se incorporara a susempresas como fuerza de trabajo? ¿Cómo hicieron para que dejaran sus tierras y su producción y se fueran a trabajar a un emprendimiento ajeno? Éstas han sido preguntas clásicas de la historia social y también de la historiografía andina, aunque hayan sido planteadas con frecuencia con otras palabras. En este ensayo propongo hacer un recorrido, primero, por las principales respuestas que se articularon en torno a estos interrogantes, para después ponerlas en discusión a la luz de los nuevos avances que hubo y sigue habiendo en los estudios sobre esta región, en particular, algunos que están hoy en proceso. Si bien el ensayo se centra en Charcas, gran parte de la historiografía refiere a Andes Centrales: siempre que ha sido posible he distinguido ambos territorios, y si no fue posible, hablo de los AndesThis essay is structured around a classical question for both social historians and Andean historiography: How did the Spanish conquerors incorporate the indigenous population to their enterprises as labour force? The text begins with a summary of the answers given to this question, discussing them in the light of new developments in the studies of this region, including some that are now in process. My contribution focuses on two aspects developed at the end of the essay. On the one hand, the analytical decomposition of some of the key concepts proposed by the pioneers in Andean history what allows a reconsideration of some categories that we now know better thanks to new monographies. On the other hand, an emphasis is placed on chronology, specificity of different historical periods and specific situations and changes over time; all aspects that are sometimes discussed in those models, even if partially.Fil: Gil Montero, Raquel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Científico Tecnológico Mendoza. Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales; Argentin

Indigenous recruitment mechanisms for silver mining. Lipez (South Bolivia) 17th century

Este artículo analiza el mundo del trabajo de una mina de plata del siglo XVII ubicada al sur de la actual Bolivia, llamada San Antonio del Nuevo Mundo. A partir de este análisis se busca comprender cuáles fueron los mecanismos a través de los cuales se logró satisfacer la demanda de mano de obra que tenían los mineros y otros españoles de este asiento minero. Entre las dos formas extremas, el trabajo forzado y el libre, hemos encontrado que en San Antonio había una combinación de variados mecanismos de atracción y de coacción. Además hemos visto que la influencia del principal centro minero –Potosí– fue muy significativa en aspectos tales como la migración, la presencia de trabajadores especializados y la adquisición de conocimiento.This article focuses on labour relations in a silver mine from the 17th century, located in present-day Bolivia, called San Antonio del Nuevo Mundo. The purpose of this analysis is to understand which were the mechanisms used to fulfil the workers needs that miners and other Spaniards had. Between forced and free labour we found different combinations of coaction and attraction in San Antonio. The influence of the main miner center which was Potosi was also very important in our region regarding migration, presence of skilled workers and adquisition of knowledge.Fil: Gil Montero, Raquel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Estudios Sociales; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán; Argentin

Colonial Organization of Mine Labour in Charcas 1 (Present-Day Bolivia) and Its Consequences 2 (Sixteenth to the Seventeenth Centuries)

This article analyses the changes in the organization of labour during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries in colonial Charcas, present-day Bolivia, focusing on the role that different colonial authorities played in this process and its consequences. The Spanish took advantage of the pre-Hispanic organization of labour from the beginning of their conquest. However, in a colonial context, labour relations changed significantly, and the architect of those alterations was Viceroy Francisco de Toledo. We examine the transformations in mine labour carried out by the Spanish colonial polity; these had a significant effect not only on mining, but also on all labour relations in the southern colonial Andes.Fil: Gil Montero, Raquel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Instituto de Geografía, Historia y Ciencias Sociales. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Geografía, Historia y Ciencias Sociales; ArgentinaFil: Zagalsky, Paula Cecilia. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Conviviality as a Tool for Creating Networks: The Case of an Early Modern Global Peasant Traveller

In this paper, we analyse an unusual travel account from the seventeenth century. Besides the rarity of travel accounts from this period, its singularity resides primarily in the fact that the traveller, Gregorio de Robles, self-identified as a peasant. This exceptional Spaniard travelled dominions of the Spanish, Portuguese, British, French, and Dutch empires in America and Europe, and even briefly touched Southern Africa. His travel account is rich in information, but here we focus on one specific aspect: conviviality with the people he encountered along his way, with a special emphasis on his fellow compatriots. We will argue that this conviviality allowed Robles to create new networks and accumulate social capital and that the relationship with his paisanos resignified his belonging. By moving and traveling, he could attain a more privileged position than he had apparently been enjoying in his Castilian hometown.Fil: Gil Montero, Raquel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Instituto de Geografía, Historia y Ciencias Sociales. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Geografía, Historia y Ciencias Sociales; ArgentinaFil: Albiez Wieck, Sarah. Universitat zu Köln; AlemaniaWorkshop: Negotiating legal categories in unequal contexts. Latin America, 16th-19th centuryAlemaniaUniversidad de Coloni

A Needle in a Haystack: Looking for an Early Modern Peasant Who Travelled from Spain to America

Seventeenth-century travel accounts written by ordinary people are a rarity. In this article, we analyze the unusual travel report by Gregorio de Robles, a Castilian peasant (labrador) who travelled several European empires in Western Europe and America at the end of the seventeenth and the beginning of the eighteenth centuries. The approach we offer is that of a global microhistory. The aim of this article is mainly methodological: we try to delineate the methodological steps we had to undertake to trace Robles in the sources. Looking for an early modern peasant traveler is comparable to searching for a needle in a haystack, but we argue that this endeavor is worthwhile because Robles offers a unique perspective on how ordinary people traveled in early modern times and on imperial frontier zones. We show that his convivial ties and the places he mentions were key elements in the methodology.Fil: Albiez Wieck, Sarah. Universitaet Zu Koeln; AlemaniaFil: Gil Montero, Raquel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Ciencias Humanas, Sociales y Ambientales; Argentin

Aprenents i tutors a Parla.cat

L’article aborda el Parla.cat des de la perspectiva del Consorci per a la Normalització Lingüística, que l’ha incorporat a la seva oferta formativa. S’hi aporta una visió de l’aprenent, però sobretot s’hi desgrana el paper del tutor. Finalment, se n’extreuen unes conclusions