A IMPORTÂNCIA DE DISPUTAR O FUNDO PÚBLICO PARA A EFETIVAÇÃO DAS POLÍTICAS SOCIAIS

RESUMO O presente trabalho apresenta como objetivo realizar uma discussão a respeito da categoria do fundo público e de sua alocação na contemporaneidade, considerando seu caráter estrutural e insubstituível no capitalismo tanto no que se refere a sua destinação para garantia da reprodução do capital, quanto para a reprodução da força de trabalho, por meio das políticas sociais

Self-medication prevalence in a Portuguese Urban Area

Este estudo transversal teve como objetivo principal determinar a prevalência da automedicação em meio urbano. Decorreu nas cidades de Lisboa e Porto, respectivamente em 11 e 15 farmácias, no período de Novembro de 1995 a Setembro de 1996. A recolha de informação dividiu-se em 6 fases de 10 dias cada. A prevalência da automedicação encontrada foi de 26,2%. Encontraram-se diferenças estatisticamente significativas no que respeita às prevalências da automedicação por sexo, idade, nível educacional e atividade profissional. Em 50% dos casos, os voluntários que adquiriram medicamentos em automedicação fizeram-no sob aconselhamento do farmacêutico. Os grupos terapêuticos mais utilizados em automedicação foram as preparações nasais e sistêmicas para a constipação e tosse (23,0%) e os analgésicos (13,6%). Analisando cada um dos grupos terapêuticos individualmente foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas relativamente ao perfil do utilizador por sexo e grupo etário, de acordo com a variável automedicação.To determine the prevalence of self-medication in a Portuguese urban population, a cross-sectional study was carried out in Lisbon (11 pharmacies) and Oporto (15 pharmacies). Data collection took place between November 1995 and September 1996, during 6 periods of 10 days each. The overall prevalence of self-medication found was 26,2%. Statistical significant differences were found between self-medication prevalence according to sex, age, educational level and professional status. Fifty percent of the individuals who have used drugs in self-medication did so with the pharmacist advice. The most frequent therapeutic groups used in self-medication were cough and cold preparations (23%) and analgesics (13,6%). Analysing each group separately, statistical significant differences for sex and age were found according to the variable self-medication

A gestão da segurança pública municipal no estado do Rio de Janeiro

Este artigo apresenta um diagnóstico sobre como as instituições de segurança pública municipais do Estado do Riode Janeiro estão organizadas. São analisados as estruturas administrativas e organizacionais e os principais aspectosdos procedimentos institucionais das Guardas Municipais. Argumenta-se que é necessário um banco de dados quearmazene as informações sobre o trabalho das Guardas para a gestão da segurança pública

REPERCUSSÕES DO TRATAMENTO FISIOTERAPÊUTICO EM CRIANÇAS COM DISFUNÇÃO MICCIONAL

Resumo: Esta revisão da literatura teve como objetivo analisar as repercussões do tratamento fisioterapêutico na incontinência urinária infantil. As buscas foram realizadas nas bases de dados MEDLINE/PubMed, LILACS/SciELO, Bireme, Cochrane e em teses e dissertações. Os estudos analisados mostraram que os recursos fisioterapêuticos podem ser utilizados no tratamento de incontinência urinária na criança, apesar de terem boa classificação no nível de evidência e grau de recomendação. Novas pesquisas com devido rigor metodológico e maiores amostras são necessárias.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: incontinência urinária infantil, tratamento fisioterapêutico, enurese noturna

Uso da Bauhinia forficata no tratamento da Diabetes Mellitus: revisão integrativa

Existem, aproximadamente, 21.000 plantas medicinais, sendo 800 delas usadas para fins antidiabéticos. O presente estudo tem como objetivo apresentar uma atualização da efetividade da fitoterapia no tratamento do diabetes mellitus utilizando como referência a planta pata de vaca (Bauhinia forficata). Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa, através da busca de artigos nas bases de dados LILACS, MEDLINE e Google Acadêmico, utilizando os descritores “diabetes mellitus” AND “Bauhinia forficata” OR “pata de vaca”. Os artigos apontam redução dos níveis de creatinina, índice HOMA, LDL e colesterol total com o uso da planta. Desse modo, a efetividade na melhora dos sintomas da doença é comprovada, devido às propriedades farmacológicas apresentadas pela pata de vaca. Portanto, faz-se necessário que haja melhorias na implementação de políticas públicas e capacitação profissional para efetiva utilização da fitoterapia no tratamento de doenças crônicas

Production of fig seedlings in alternative substrates in the Upper-Middle Gurgueia region

Given the importance of determining which substrate source attends to the need of each fruit species and at the same reducing production costs, this work aimed to evaluate the quality of fig seedlings, cultivar ‘Roxo de Valinhos’, in alternative substrates in the Upper-Middle Gurgueia region, Piauí state. The treatments consisted of Sand (SND), Decomposed Moriche Palm Stem (DMT); Goat+Sheep Manure (GSM), Ravine Soil (TBA), and Commercial Substrate (COM). A Randomized Block Design (RBD) was adopted, with 4 replications and 5 experimental units.  The analyzed variables were: Sprouting rate index (SRI), branch length (BRL), branch diameter (BRD), number of leaves in the branch (NLB), chlorophyll A (CLA), chlorophyll B (CLB), shoot fresh matter (SFM), root fresh matter (RFM), shoot dry matter, (SDM) root dry matter (RDM), rooted cuttings (ENR), root length (RL) and volume of the root system (VRS). A significant effect of the substrates was verified for all variables, except chlorophyll A, chlorophyll B, number of branches, and branch diameter. Due to the chemical characteristics of the goat+sheep manure, it provided the necessary conditions for the growth and development of the shoot part and root system, revealing to be superior to the remaining substrates. Therefore, it may be concluded that the goat+sheep manure provides all the essential nutrients for the quality production of fig seedlings, cultivar ‘Roxo de Valinhos’, allowing the rooting of 100% of the cuttings.Given the importance of determining which substrate source attends to the need of each fruit species and at the same reducing production costs, this work aimed to evaluate the quality of fig seedlings, cultivar ‘Roxo de Valinhos’, in alternative substrates in the Upper-Middle Gurgueia region, Piauí state. The treatments consisted of Sand (SND), Decomposed Moriche Palm Stem (DMT); Goat+Sheep Manure (GSM), Ravine Soil (TBA), and Commercial Substrate (COM). A Randomized Block Design (RBD) was adopted, with 4 replications and 5 experimental units.  The analyzed variables were: Sprouting rate index (SRI), branch length (BRL), branch diameter (BRD), number of leaves in the branch (NLB), chlorophyll A (CLA), chlorophyll B (CLB), shoot fresh matter (SFM), root fresh matter (RFM), shoot dry matter, (SDM) root dry matter (RDM), rooted cuttings (ENR), root length (RL) and volume of the root system (VRS). A significant effect of the substrates was verified for all variables, except chlorophyll A, chlorophyll B, number of branches, and branch diameter. Due to the chemical characteristics of the goat+sheep manure, it provided the necessary conditions for the growth and development of the shoot part and root system, revealing to be superior to the remaining substrates. Therefore, it may be concluded that the goat+sheep manure provides all the essential nutrients for the quality production of fig seedlings, cultivar ‘Roxo de Valinhos’, allowing the rooting of 100% of the cuttings

Clinical characteristics of COPD Phenotypes

publishe

COPD profiles and treatable traits using minimal resources: identification, decision tree and stability over time

Background and objective: Profiles of people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) often do not describe treatable traits, lack validation and/or their stability over time is unknown. We aimed to identify COPD profiles and their treatable traits based on simple and meaningful measures; to develop and validate a decision tree and to explore profile stability over time. Methods: An observational, prospective study was conducted. Clinical characteristics, lung function, symptoms, impact of the disease (COPD Assessment Test—CAT), health-related quality of life, physical activity, lower-limb muscle strength and functional status were collected cross-sectionally and a subsample was followed-up monthly over six months. A principal component analysis and a clustering procedure with k-medoids were applied to identify profiles. A decision tree was developed and validated cross-sectionally. Stability was explored over time with the ratio between the number of timepoints that a participant was classified in the same profile and the total number of timepoints (i.e., 6). Results: 352 people with COPD (67.4±9.9 years; 78.1% male; FEV1=56.2±20.6% predicted) participated and 90 (67.6±8.9 years; 85.6% male; FEV1=52.1±19.9% predicted) were followed-up. Four profiles were identified with distinct treatable traits. The decision tree included CAT (<18 or≥18 points); age (<65 or≥65 years) and FEV1 (<48 or≥48% predicted) and had an agreement of 71.7% (Cohen’s Kappa=0.62, p<0.001) with the actual profiles. 48.9% of participants remained in the same profile whilst 51.1% moved between two (47.8%) or three (3.3%) profiles over time. Overall stability was 86.8±15%. Conclusion: Four profiles and treatable traits were identified with simple and meaningful measures possibly available in low-resource settings. A decision tree with three commonly used variables in the routine assessment of people with COPD is now available for quick allocation to the identified profiles in clinical practice. Profiles and treatable traits may change over time in people with COPD hence, regular assessments to deliver goal-targeted personalised treatments are needed.publishe

Perfis de DPOC e características tratáveis utilizando recursos mínimos: Identificação, árvore de decisão e estabilidade longitudinal

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is highly heterogeneous and complex. Hence, personalising assessments and treatments to this population across different settings and available resources imposes challenges and debate. Research efforts have been made to identify clinical phenotypes or profiles for prognostic and therapeutic purposes. Nevertheless, such profiles often do not describe treatable traits, focus on complex physiological/pulmonary measures which are frequently not available across settings, lack validation and/or their stability over time is unknown. Objective: To identify profiles and their treatable traits based on simple and meaningful measures; to develop and validate a profile decision tree; and to explore profiles’ stability over time in people with COPD. Methods: An observational, prospective study was conducted with people with COPD. Clinical characteristics, lung function, symptoms, impact of the disease (COPD assessment test–CAT), health-related quality of life, physical activity, lower-limb muscle strength and functional status were collected cross-sectionally and a subsample was followed-up monthly over six months. A principal component analysis and a clustering procedure with k-medoids were applied to identify profiles. Pulmonary and extrapulmonary (i.e., physical, symptoms and health status, and behavioural/life-style risk factors) treatable traits were identified in each profile based on the established cut-offs for each measure available in the literature. The decision tree was developed with 70% and validated with 30% of the sample, cross-sectionally. Agreement between the profile predicted by the decision tree and the profile defined by the clustering procedure was determined using Cohen’s Kappa. Stability was explored over time with a stability score defined as the percentage ratio between the number of timepoints that a participant was classified in the same profile (most frequent profile for that participant) and the total number of timepoints (i.e., 6). Results: 352 people with COPD (67.4±9.9 years; 78.1% male; FEV1=56.2±20.6% predicted) participated and 90 (67.6±8.9 years; 85.6% male; FEV1=52.1±19.9% predicted) were followed-up. Four profiles were identified with distinct treatable traits. The decision tree was composed by the CAT, age and FEV1% predicted and had an agreement of 71.7% (Cohen’s Kappa=0.62, p<0.001) with the actual profiles. 48.9% of participants remained in the same profile whilst 51.1% moved between two (47.8%) and three (3.3%) profiles over time. The overall stability of profiles was 86.8±15%. Conclusion: Profiles and treatable traits can be identified in people with COPD with simple and meaningful measures possibly available even in minimal-resource settings. Regular assessments are recommended as people with COPD may change profile over time and hence their needs of personalised treatment.N/

Diversity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains isolated of the spontaneous fermentation of cachaça from northeastern Brazil / Diversidade de linhagens de Saccharomyces cerevisiae isoladas de fermentações espontâneas de cachaça do nordeste Brasileiro

Cachaça is a beverage obtained by distilling fermented sugar cane juice. The state of Bahia in northeastern Brazil is the second-largest producer of traditional cachaça, and this region has the potential to improve the quality and quantity of its beverage production. The aim of this study was to analyze the genetic diversity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae populations isolated from must in six distilleries in Bahia using mitochondrial DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism (mtDNA-RFLP). Among the three hundred and thirty S. cerevisiae strains isolated, mtDNA-RFLP analysis identified a total of 30 molecular patterns. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that the greatest genetic variation was found among, rather than within, the populations. Population structure analyses showed the presence of three distinct gene pools, thereby corroborating the AMOVA results. This study represents an important contribution to better understanding the molecular characterization and genetic variability of S. cerevisiae strains during the fermentation of cachaça. The dominant molecular patterns identified here may be used to select S. cerevisiae strains that could improve the quality and volume of traditional cachaça production in Bahia.