Personal autonomy as a factor of professional self-determination students of the pedagogical University

The results of the study of the features of professional self-determination of students of a pedagogical university with different levels of autonomy are presentedПредставлены результаты исследования особенностей профессионального самоопределения студентов педагогического вуза с разным уровнем автономност

Optimization in a Self-Stabilizing Service Discovery Framework for Large Scale Systems

Ability to find and get services is a key requirement in the development of large-scale distributed sys- tems. We consider dynamic and unstable environments, namely Peer-to-Peer (P2P) systems. In previous work, we designed a service discovery solution called Distributed Lexicographic Placement Table (DLPT), based on a hierar- chical overlay structure. A self-stabilizing version was given using the Propagation of Information with Feedback (PIF) paradigm. In this paper, we introduce the self-stabilizing COPIF (for Collaborative PIF) scheme. An algo- rithm is provided with its correctness proof. We use this approach to improve a distributed P2P framework designed for the services discovery. Significantly efficient experimental results are presented

Ligelizumab for Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria

Background: In the majority of patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria, most currently available therapies do not result in complete symptom control. Ligelizumab is a next-generation high-affinity humanized monoclonal anti-IgE antibody. Data are limited regarding the dose–response relationship of ligelizumab and the efficacy and safety of ligelizumab as compared with omalizumab and placebo in patients who have moderate-to-severe chronic spontaneous urticaria that is inadequately controlled with H1-antihistamines at approved or increased doses, alone or in combination with H2-antihistamines or leukotriene-receptor antagonists. Methods: In a phase 2b dose-finding trial, we randomly assigned patients to receive ligelizumab at a dose of 24 mg, 72 mg, or 240 mg, omalizumab at a dose of 300 mg, or placebo, administered subcutaneously every 4 weeks for a period of 20 weeks, or a single 120-mg dose of ligelizumab. Disease symptoms of hives, itch, and angioedema were monitored by means of weekly activity scores. The main objective was to determine a dose–response relationship for the complete control of hives (indicated by a weekly hives-severity score of 0, on a scale from 0 to 21, with higher scores indicating greater severity); the primary end point of this response was assessed at week 12. Complete symptom control was indicated by a weekly urticaria activity score of 0 (on a scale from 0 to 42, with higher scores indicating greater severity). Safety was analyzed throughout the trial. Results: A total of 382 patients underwent randomization. At week 12, a total of 30%, 51%, and 42% of the patients treated with 24 mg, 72 mg, and 240 mg, respectively, of ligelizumab had complete control of hives, as compared with 26% of the patients in the omalizumab group and no patients in the placebo group. A dose–response relationship was established. At week 12, a total of 30%, 44%, and 40% of the patients treated with 24 mg, 72 mg, and 240 mg, respectively, of ligelizumab had complete control of symptoms, as compared with 26% of the patients in the omalizumab group and no patients in the placebo group. In this small and short trial, no safety concerns regarding ligelizumab or omalizumab emerged. Conclusions: A higher percentage of patients had complete control of symptoms of chronic spontaneous urticaria with ligelizumab therapy of 72 mg or 240 mg than with omalizumab or placebo. (Funded by Novartis Pharma; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02477332. opens in new tab.

The international EAACI/GA²LEN/EuroGuiDerm/APAAACI guideline for the definition, classification, diagnosis, and management of urticaria

This update and revision of the international guideline for urticaria was developed following the methods recommended by Cochrane and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) working group. It is a joint initiative of the Dermatology Section of the European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology (EAACI), the Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA(2)LEN) and its Urticaria and Angioedema Centers of Reference and Excellence (UCAREs and ACAREs), the European Dermatology Forum (EDF; EuroGuiDerm), and the Asia Pacific Association of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology with the participation of 64 delegates of 50 national and international societies and from 31 countries. The consensus conference was held on 3 December 2020. This guideline was acknowledged and accepted by the European Union of Medical Specialists (UEMS). Urticaria is a frequent, mast cell-driven disease that presents with wheals, angioedema, or both. The lifetime prevalence for acute urticaria is approximately 20%. Chronic spontaneous or inducible urticaria is disabling, impairs quality of life, and affects performance at work and school. This updated version of the international guideline for urticaria covers the definition and classification of urticaria and outlines expert-guided and evidence-based diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for the different subtypes of urticaria

The international EAACI/GA(2)LEN/EuroGuiDerm/APAAACI guideline for the definition, classification, diagnosis, and management of urticaria

Publisher Copyright: © 2021 GA²LEN. Allergy published by European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.This update and revision of the international guideline for urticaria was developed following the methods recommended by Cochrane and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) working group. It is a joint initiative of the Dermatology Section of the European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology (EAACI), the Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA(2)LEN) and its Urticaria and Angioedema Centers of Reference and Excellence (UCAREs and ACAREs), the European Dermatology Forum (EDF; EuroGuiDerm), and the Asia Pacific Association of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology with the participation of 64 delegates of 50 national and international societies and from 31 countries. The consensus conference was held on 3 December 2020. This guideline was acknowledged and accepted by the European Union of Medical Specialists (UEMS). Urticaria is a frequent, mast cell-driven disease that presents with wheals, angioedema, or both. The lifetime prevalence for acute urticaria is approximately 20%. Chronic spontaneous or inducible urticaria is disabling, impairs quality of life, and affects performance at work and school. This updated version of the international guideline for urticaria covers the definition and classification of urticaria and outlines expert-guided and evidence-based diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for the different subtypes of urticaria.Peer reviewe

Taming the terminological tempest in invasion science

\ua9 2024 The Authors. Biological Reviews published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Cambridge Philosophical Society. Standardised terminology in science is important for clarity of interpretation and communication. In invasion science – a dynamic and rapidly evolving discipline – the proliferation of technical terminology has lacked a standardised framework for its development. The result is a convoluted and inconsistent usage of terminology, with various discrepancies in descriptions of damage and interventions. A standardised framework is therefore needed for a clear, universally applicable, and consistent terminology to promote more effective communication across researchers, stakeholders, and policymakers. Inconsistencies in terminology stem from the exponential increase in scientific publications on the patterns and processes of biological invasions authored by experts from various disciplines and countries since the 1990s, as well as publications by legislators and policymakers focusing on practical applications, regulations, and management of resources. Aligning and standardising terminology across stakeholders remains a challenge in invasion science. Here, we review and evaluate the multiple terms used in invasion science (e.g. ‘non-native’, ‘alien’, ‘invasive’ or ‘invader’, ‘exotic’, ‘non-indigenous’, ‘naturalised’, ‘pest’) to propose a more simplified and standardised terminology. The streamlined framework we propose and translate into 28 other languages is based on the terms (i) ‘non-native’, denoting species transported beyond their natural biogeographic range, (ii) ‘established non-native’, i.e. those non-native species that have established self-sustaining populations in their new location(s) in the wild, and (iii) ‘invasive non-native’ – populations of established non-native species that have recently spread or are spreading rapidly in their invaded range actively or passively with or without human mediation. We also highlight the importance of conceptualising ‘spread’ for classifying invasiveness and ‘impact’ for management. Finally, we propose a protocol for classifying populations based on (i) dispersal mechanism, (ii) species origin, (iii) population status, and (iv) impact. Collectively and without introducing new terminology, the framework that we present aims to facilitate effective communication and collaboration in invasion science and management of non-native species

Контрастная спектральная двухэнергетическая маммография – инструмент точной диагностики онкопатологии на фоне плотной ткани молочной железы

Introduction. Differential diagnosis of some pathological processes in the breast is difficult on the background of dense breast tissue. This often leads to false conclusions and to late diagnosis of breast cancer (BC) or unreasonable biopsy in a benign process. 50% of breast cancers detected less than 12 months after elective mammography were associated with high density of breast tissue. An important advantage of contrast enhanced spectral mammography (CESM) is that it does not depend on the size of the lesions and the X-ray density of the breast tissue. Objective. To compare the diagnostic performance of CESM and digital mammography (DM) in detection of breast cancer in a group of women with dense breast tissue.Materials and methods. The data of 438 patients with suspected breast cancer examined from August 2018 to January 2021 were analyzed in the study. The mean age of women was 50 ± 11 years (from 21 to 86 years). In the study group 154 (35%) malignant and 284 (65%) benign lesions were identified. All lesions were histologically verified. Breast tissue density corresponded to types A and B in 161 patients and corresponded to C and D types in 277 patients according to the ACR classification. 154 cases of breast cancer were identified, including 49 patients with density A and B and 105 patients with density C and D types.Results. Sensitivity, specificity and overall accuracy of DM were 85.7%, 87.3%, 86.8%, respectively. Diagnostic performance of CESM significantly higher than of DM with sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of 96.8% (p < 0.001), 93.3% (p = 0.015), 94.5% (p < 0.001), respectively. CESM had high positive and negative predictive values of 88.7% (p = 0.012) and 98.1% (p < 0.001), which exceeded those of DM – 78.6% and 91.9%, respectively. The diagnostic performance of DM and CESM were comparable in women with normal breast density (types A and B according to ACR), but in patients with high breast density (types C and D according to ACR), CESM was significantly more sensitive in detecting breast cancer.Conclusion. Thus, diagnostic efficiency of CESM in detecting breast cancer significantly higher in comparison with digital mammography.Введение. Дифференциальная диагностика патологических процессов в молочной железе (МЖ) на фоне повышенной маммографической плотности (МП) может быть затруднительной. Это нередко приводит к ложным заключениям и, соответственно, к длительному наблюдению при злокачественной опухоли или необоснованной биопсии при доброкачественном процессе. 50% случаев рака молочной железы (РМЖ), выявленных менее чем через 12 мес после “очередной” маммографии, были связаны с высокой МП. Важным достоинством контрастной двухэнергетической спектральной маммографии (КДСМ) является то, что ее информативность не зависит от размеров образований и МП.Цель исследования: сравнить общую диагностическую эффективность КДСМ и цифровой маммографии (МГ) в выявлении РМЖ у женщин с плотной МП.Материал и методы. В исследовании проанализированы данные 438 пациенток с подозрением на РМЖ. Средний возраст женщин составил 50 ± 11 лет. В исследуемой группе было выявлено 154 (35%) злокачественных и 284 (65%) доброкачественных образования. Была проведена гистологическая верификация всех выявленных образований. У 161 пациентки МП соответствовала ACR А- и В-типам, а у 277 пациенток МП – C- и D-типам согласно классификации ACR. Всего выявлено 154 случая РМЖ, из них у 49 больных МП была ACR А- и В-типов и у 105 пациенток – ACR C- и D-типов.Результаты. При анализе полученных данных чувствительность, специфичность и общая точность МГ составили 85,7, 87,3, 86,8% соответственно. При КДСМ эти показатели достоверно превышали показатели МГ и составили 96,8% (р < 0,001), 93,3% (р = 0,015), 94,5% (р < 0,001) соответственно. КДСМ отличалась высокими показателями прогностической точности положительных и отрицательных результатов – 88,7% (р = 0,012) и 98,1% (р < 0,001), которые превышали таковые при МГ – 78,6 и 91,9% соответственно. Установлено, что диагностические показатели при МГ и КДСМ были сопоставимы у женщин с низкой плотностью МЖ, но у пациентов с высокой плотностью КДСМ была значительно более чувствительной в выявлении РМЖ.Заключение. Таким образом, диагностическая эффективность КДСМ в выявлении рака молочной железы достоверно выше по сравнению с цифровой маммографией

Taming the terminological tempest in invasion science

Standardized terminology in science is important for clarity of interpretation and communication. In invasion science — a dynamic and quickly evolving discipline — the rapid proliferation of technical terminology has lacked a standardized framework for its language development. The result is a convoluted and inconsistent usage of terminology, with various discrepancies in descriptions of damages and interventions. A standardized framework is therefore needed for a clear, universally applicable, and consistent terminology to promote more effective communication across researchers, stakeholders, and policymakers. Inconsistencies in terminology stem from the exponential increase in scientific publications on the patterns and processes of biological invasions authored by experts from various disciplines and countries since the 1990s, as well as publications by legislators and policymakers focusing on practical applications, regulations, and management of resources. Aligning and standardizing terminology across stakeholders remains a prevailing challenge in invasion science. Here, we review and evaluate the multiple terms used in invasion science (e.g. 'non-native', 'alien', 'invasive' or 'invader', 'exotic', 'non-indigenous', 'naturalized, 'pest') to propose a more simplified and standardized terminology. The streamlined framework we propose and translate into 28 other languages is based on the terms (i) 'non-native', denoting species transported beyond their natural biogeographic range, (ii) 'established non-native', i.e. those non-native species that have established self-sustaining populations in their new location(s) in the wild, and (iii) 'invasive non-native' — populations of established non-native species that have recently spread or are spreading rapidly in their invaded range actively or passively with or without human mediation. We also highlight the importance of conceptualizing 'spread' for classifying invasiveness and 'impact' for management. Finally, we propose a protocol for classifying populations based on (1) dispersal mechanism, (2) species origin, (3) population status, and (4) impact. Collectively and without introducing new terminology, the framework that we present aims to facilitate effective communication and collaboration in invasion science and management of non-native species