Die Medienberichterstattung über 'Soziale Devianz' im Kontext des Sozialstaats: ein Werkstattbericht

Der Beitrag stellt die Ergebnisse einer inhaltsanalytischen Auswertung der Zeitschriften 'Die Zeit', 'Der Spiegel' und 'Süddeutsche Zeitung' in Bezug auf ihre Berichterstattung über 'soziale Devianz' und 'Sozialstaat' vor. Mit dem Begriff 'soziale Devianz' bzw. 'Sozialkriminalität' soll ein 'rechtswidriger Verstoß gegen die Sozialfürsorge- und Sozialversicherungsbestimmungen' umschrieben werden, welcher im folgenden für die Themenbereiche Schwarzarbeit, 'Blaumachen' bzw. 'Krankfeiern', Sozialleistungsmissbrauch und Steuerhinterziehung untersucht wird. Die Autoren analysieren die Häufigkeit der Berichterstattung über die Untersuchungsthemen sowie die inhaltlichen Tendenzen und konjunkturellen Verläufe der Medienberichte. Darüber hinaus wird die Berichterstattung über die 'Krise' bzw. den 'Umbau' des Sozialstaates in den drei Zeitschriften verfolgt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass über die Erscheinungsformen der 'sozialen Devianz' vergleichsweise selten berichtet wird und dass diese nur in Ausnahmefällen als 'kriminelles' Verhalten betrachtet werden. Ferner wird das Phänomen weniger im Zusammenhang des Sozialstaats als gesellschaftlichem Hintergrund, sondern eher isoliert dargestellt. (ICI

Accelerated carbonation of hardened cement paste: Quantification of calcium carbonate via ATR infrared spectroscopy

In context of carbon capture and storage in cement and concrete industry, there is a strong demand for fast, reliable, and low-cost CO2 quantification methods. Attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR) in conjunction with multivariate calibration via partial-least-squares regression was applied to quantify CaCO3 in carbonated hardened Portland cement pastes, as this method shows great potential in the field of process control. Thermogravimetric analysis coupled with infrared spectrometry for the detection of the evolving gases was used as a reference for quantification. Three methods for the quantitative analysis with different partial-least-squares parameters were developed on a series of ground physicalmixtures of slightly carbonated and highly carbonated hydrated cement pastes that had absorbed up to 77% of the theoretical capacity for CO2. Additional samples for optimization and validation of the method were prepared by accelerated carbonation of cylindrical slices of hardened cement paste as a function of exposure time. In these experiments, the major CO2 uptake occurs in the first 60 min until the formation of CaCO3 layers limits the diffusion of CO2 and Ca2+ ions. The developed partial-least-squares models provided low estimation errors of max. 1.5 wt% and high correlation coefficients above 99.5%. The validation covers a concentration range of 20–48 wt% of CaCO3. Limitations of the method are discussed

Teachers\u27 and school administrators\u27 view on extended responsibility. An study on "school profiles" in bavarian schools

Bei einer Befragung von Schulleitungen und Lehrkräften an Hauptschulen, Realschulen und Gymnasien zeigt sich, dass die Entwicklung eines Schulprofils für wichtig gehalten wird und mit hohen Erwartungen verbunden ist. Allerdings ergeben sich im Hinblick auf spezifische Einzelaspekte und im Vergleich der Schularten durchaus unterschiedliche Befunde, die in der weiteren Diskussion zu berücksichtigen sind. Insgesamt ergibt sich aus dem Zusammenhang von Wertschätzung eines Schulprofils, hohen Erwartungen an schulische Autonomie und starker Betonung sozialer Beziehungen sowie der Organisationsqualität von Schule innerhalb der Lehrerschaft und bei den Schulleitungen ein vergleichsweise günstiges "Stimmungsbild" für die Schulentwicklung. (DIPF/Orig.)Interviews of teachers and school admistrators of different school types have shown that the development of a school profile is taken to be important and is connected to high expectations. However, findings vary in regard to specific single aspects and in comparison to the various types of school and these have to be taken into consideration in future discussions. (DIPF/Orig.

Psychopathological symptoms of depression in Parkinson's disease compared to major depression

Parkinson's disease is frequently associated with depressive symptoms. When depression occurs at early stages and before the onset of characteristic motor symptoms of the disease, differential diagnosis of major depression may be difficult. Differences in psychopathological features of depression in Parkinson's disease and major depression have been reported by some authors. This study presents data of 49 patients with depression in Parkinson's disease and 38 patients with major depression. Severity of depressive symptoms was equivalent in both groups. Depressive features did not differ between the two groups with exception of affective flattening, delusional ideas and suicide attempts. In conclusion, this investigation gives support to the assumption of a common neurobiological origin of depression in Parkinson's disease and major depression

Thermal stability of C-S-H phases and applicability of Richardson and Groves’ and Richardson C-(A)-S-H(I) models to synthetic C-S-H

Synthetic C-S-H samples prepared with bulk C/S ratios from 0.75 to 1.5 were analyzed by coupled TG/DSC/FTIR and in-situ XRD while heating, in order to correlate observed weight loss curves with the kinetics of evolved gases, and to investigate the transformations C-S-H→β-wollastonite→α-wollastonite. The temperature of the transformation to β-wollastonite increased with increasing C/S. The temperature for the transformation from β- to α-wollastonite meanwhile decreased with increasing C/S; indicating that excess CaO stabilized the α-polymorph. The transformation C-S-H→β-wollastonite was accompanied by the formation of α`LC2S for C/S > 1. In the case of C-S-H with C/S = 1.5, both β-C2S and rankinite were formed and then decomposed before the transformation to β-wollastonite and α`LC2S. C-S-H with low C/S was found to be more stable upon heating. The chemical structural models of Richardson and Groves’ and Richardson C-A-S-H(I) were used to obtain the structural-chemical formulae

Bayesian Data-Driven approach enhances synthetic flood loss models

Flood loss estimation models are developed using synthetic or empirical approaches. The synthetic approach consists of what-if scenarios developed by experts. The empirical models are based on statistical analysis of empirical loss data. In this study, we propose a novel Bayesian Data-Driven approach to enhance established synthetic models using available empirical data from recorded events. For five case studies in Western Europe, the resulting Bayesian Data-Driven Synthetic (BDDS) model enhances synthetic model predictions by reducing the prediction errors and quantifying the uncertainty and reliability of loss predictions for post-event scenarios and future events. The performance of the BDDS model for a potential future event is improved by integration of empirical data once a new flood event affects the region. The BDDS model, therefore, has high potential for combining established synthetic models with local empirical loss data to provide accurate and reliable flood loss predictions for quantifying future risk

Interaction of the hydrogen sulfide system with the oxytocin system in the injured mouse heart

Both the hydrogen sulfide/cystathionine-γ-lyase (H2S/CSE) and oxytocin/oxytocin receptor (OT/OTR) systems have been reported to be cardioprotective. H2S can stimulate OT release, thereby affecting blood volume and pressure regulation. Systemic hyper-inflammation after blunt chest trauma is enhanced in cigarette smoke (CS)-exposed CSE−/− mice compared to wildtype (WT). CS increases myometrial OTR expression, but to this point, no data are available on the effects CS exposure on the cardiac OT/OTR system. Since a contusion of the thorax (Txt) can cause myocardial injury, the aim of this post hoc study was to investigate the effects of CSE−/− and exogenous administration of GYY4137 (a slow release H2S releasing compound) on OTR expression in the heart, after acute on chronic disease, of CS exposed mice undergoing Txt.Methods: This study is a post hoc analysis of material obtained in wild type (WT) homozygous CSE−/− mice after 2-3 weeks of CS exposure and subsequent anesthesia, blast wave-induced TxT, and surgical instrumentation for mechanical ventilation (MV) and hemodynamic monitoring. CSE−/− animals received a 50 μg/g GYY4137-bolus after TxT. After 4h of MV, animals were exsanguinated and organs were harvested. The heart was cut transversally, formalin-fixed, and paraffin- embedded. Immunohistochemistry for OTR, arginine-vasopressin-receptor (AVPR), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was performed with naïve animals as native controls.Results: CSE−/− was associated with hypertension and lower blood glucose levels, partially and significantly restored by GYY4137 treatment, respectively. Myocardial OTR expression was reduced upon injury, and this was aggravated in CSE−/−. Exogenous H2S administration restored myocardial protein expression to WT levels.Conclusions: This study suggests that cardiac CSE regulates cardiac OTR expression, and this effect might play a role in the regulation of cardiovascular function