Estimates and bootstrap calibration for functional regression with scalar response

The author proposes new presmoothed FPCA-estimators and bootstrap methods for functional linear regression with scalar response, and a thresholding procedure, which detects hidden patterns, for nonparametric functional regression with scalar response

A computing tool for the dialectometric analysis of prosody

Neste traballo preséntase unha ferramenta informática, desenvolvida co software estatístico R, que lle permite ao usuario realizar unha análise dialectométrica dos datos prosódicos do corpus fixo recollido no proxecto AMPER. Non se precisa coñecementos previos no uso do software R, polo que a ferramenta pode ser empregada por calquera usuario interesado neste tipo estudos. A análise dialectométrica realizada pola ferramenta inclúe o cálculo de correlacións entre curvas de F0 e a obtención das distancias prosódicas entre as distintas localizacións (falantes ou outra variable de interese) existentes no corpus. Unha vez construída a táboa de distancias prosódicas, o usuario pode aplicar mediante a ferramenta técnicas da estatística multivariante, como o escalado multidimensional (MDS) e a análise de conglomerados. Con esta última metodoloxía, o usuario pode detectar agrupamentos nas localizacións (falantes ou outra variable de interese) segundo a súa proximidade en termos de distancia prosódica.This paper presents a computing tool, developed with the statistical software R,which allows a user to perform a dialectometric analysis of the prosodic data in thefixed corpus collected in the AMPER project. Since no previous knowledge aboutusing R is assumed, this tool can be used by any user interested in such studies.The dialectometric analysis that is performed includes calculation of correlationsbetween F0 curves and of prosodic distances between different locations coveredby the corpus (for speakers or any other variable). Once the table of prosodicdistances has been generated, the user can then apply multivariate statisticaltechniques to it, such as multidimensional scaling (MDS) and cluster analysis. Thelatter allows the user to detect the existence of clusters of locations (by speaker or another variables) according to their closeness in terms of prosodic distance

Proposta de análise dialectométrica da prosodia galega [Póster]

Póster presentado en XXIX Encontro Nacional da Associação Portuguesa de Lingüística, Coimbra, 23-25 outubro 2013Na última década fíxose un importante esforzo para describir a entoación do galego e a súa variación dialectal. Esta descrición, fundamentalmente acústica, realizouse a partir dun corpus recollido en 15 puntos de enquisa repartidos ao longo de todo o territorio galego. A partir deste estudo diatópico, xorde a pregunta de se é posible delimitar as áreas prosódicas dialectais do galego. Para responder esta cuestión, levouse a cabo unha análise dialectométrica para medir as distancias entre as distintas variedades e un estudo perceptivo para medir a distancia que os falantes perciben entre as distintas entoacións dialectais. Neste traballo preséntanse os resultados da análise dialectométrica.Rede TECANDALI, Xunta de Galicia, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovació

Diseño de inventarios forestales en poblaciones muy fragmentadas: un caso de estudiosobre el uso de información catastral en Galicia

[ES] Los inventarios forestales (IFs) permiten conocer y evaluar el estado de los sistemas forestales, lo que los convierte en una herramienta de apoyo fundamental para los procesos de toma de decisiones y planificación de una gestión forestal sostenible. La fase de diseño y planificación de un IF es clave a la hora de garantizar la calidad y fiabilidad de los resultados que de él se deriven. Dos de las principales cuestiones a establecer durante el diseño de un IF son (i) la población objetivo y el diseño muestral, y (ii) el diseño de parcela. Los diseños demuestra y parcela más habituales en IF pueden presentar ciertas limitaciones cuando las masas forestales objetivo están muy fragmentadas, como ocurre en el caso de Galicia, debido a la alta probabilidad de que las áreas de medición seleccionadas intersequen parcelas con distintos usos, especies o edades. En este trabajo se ha estudiado, desde el punto de vista teórico, el efecto sobre la variabilidad de la muestra de la utilización de información catastral en el proceso de optimización del diseño de un IF para Galicia, cuya población forestal se caracteriza por presentar un alto nivel de fragmentació

Actas del Workshop sobre Teledetección Próxima Terrestre para Aplicaciones Forestales

Este libro contiene las actas del Workshop sobre Teledetección Próxima Terrestre para Aplicaciones Forestales que tuvo lugar los días 1, 2 y 3 de septiembre de 2021 en la Escuela Politécnica Superior de Ingeniería del Campus Terra de la Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (Lugo, España). Este workshop tuvo como objetivo la puesta en común de resultados científicos y aplicaciones prácticas de estas tecnologías en el ámbito forestal, así como la práctica de aspectos operativos en la toma y análisis de datos. Para ello, constó de jornadas científico-técnicas con formato de congreso (híbrido presencial-telemático), sesiones prácticas de toma de datos en campo y de su posterior análisis y procesado en ordenador mediante la impartición de talleres (presencial), y de una mesa redonda de reflexión sobre el estado del arte de estas tecnologías en todos los ámbitos forestales implicados. Este evento fue organizado conjuntamente por los grupos de investigación GI-1716 Proyectos y Planificación (PROEPLA) y GI-1837 Unidad de Gestión Ambiental y Forestal Sostenible (UXAFORES) de la Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. La celebración del workshop fue financiada por la Diputación de Lugo y la Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, a través de la Convocatoria de axudas 2021 para a realización de actividades de investigación e/ou transferencia no ámbito do desenvolvemento rural no Campus de Lugo, y por la Consellería de Educación, Universidade e Formación Profesional de la Xunta de Galicia que, mediante el Programa de Consolidación y Estructuración de Unidades de Investigación Competitivas, financia los grupos de referencia competitiva PROEPLA (GRC GI-1716, ED431C 2021/27) y UXAFORES (GRC GI-1837, ED431C 2018/07). Además, el evento fue patrocinado por las empresas ÁLAVA INGENIEROS y GRAFINTA, que han participado como sponsors vinculados a dos de las tecnologías de teledetección próxima terrestre objeto de la actividad: escáner láser terrestre (TLS) y localización simultánea y mapeo (SLAM), respectivamente. En la organización del Workshop sobre Teledetección Próxima Terrestre para Aplicaciones Forestales se contó con la colaboración del Campus Terra y la Escuela Politécnica Superior de Ingeniería de la Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, que proporcionaron los espacios en los que tuvieron lugar de forma presencial las distintas sesiones y talleres del workshopDiputación de Lugo y Universidade de Santiago de Compostela: Convocatoria de axudas 2021 para a realización de actividades de investigación e/ou transferencia no ámbito do desenvolvemento rural no Campus de Lugo. Proyectos y Planificación (PROEPLA) y Unidad de Gestión Ambiental y Forestal Sostenible (UXAFORES) de la Universidade de Santiago de Compostela: Consellería de Educación, Universidade e Formación Profesional de la Xunta de Galicia. Grupos de Referencia Competitiva: PROEPLA (GRC GI-1716, ED431C 2021/27) y UXAFORES (GRC GI-1837, ED431C 2018/07

Cardiac electrical defects in progeroid mice and Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome patients with nuclear lamina alterations

Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare genetic disease caused by defective prelamin A processing, leading to nuclear lamina alterations, severe cardiovascular pathology, and premature death. Prelamin A alterations also occur in physiological aging. It remains unknown how defective prelamin A processing affects the cardiac rhythm. We show age-dependent cardiac repolarization abnormalities in HGPS patients that are also present in the Zmpste24-/- mouse model of HGPS. Challenge of Zmpste24-/- mice with the ß-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol did not trigger ventricular arrhythmia but caused bradycardia-related premature ventricular complexes and slow-rate polymorphic ventricular rhythms during recovery. Patch-clamping in Zmpste24-/- cardiomyocytes revealed prolonged calcium-transient duration and reduced sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium loading and release, consistent with the absence of isoproterenol-induced ventricular arrhythmia. Zmpste24-/- progeroid mice also developed severe fibrosis-unrelated bradycardia and PQ interval and QRS complex prolongation. These conduction defects were accompanied by overt mislocalization of the gap junction protein connexin43 (Cx43). Remarkably, Cx43 mislocalization was also evident in autopsied left ventricle tissue from HGPS patients, suggesting intercellular connectivity alterations at late stages of the disease. The similarities between HGPS patients and progeroid mice reported here strongly suggest that defective cardiac repolarization and cardiomyocyte connectivity are important abnormalities in the HGPS pathogenesis that increase the risk of arrhythmia and premature death.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Interpreting the uncertainty of model-based and design-based estimation in downscaling estimates from NFI data: a case-study in Extremadura (Spain)

[EN] Remotely sensed data are increasingly used together with National Forest Inventory (NFI) data to improve the spatial precision of forest variable estimates. In this study, we combined data from the 4th Spanish National Forest Inventory (SNFI-4) and from the 2nd nationwide Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) survey to develop predictive forest inventory variables (total over bark volume (V), basal area (G), and annual increase in total volume (IAVC)) and aboveground biomass (AGB) models for the eight major forest strata in the region of Extremadura that are included in the Spanish Forest Map (SFM). We generated maps at 25 m resolution by applying an area‐based approach (ABA) and 758 sample plots measured with good positional accuracy within the SNFI-4 in Extremadura (Spain). Inventory performance is mainly influenced by spatial scale and vegetation structure. Therefore, in this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of statistical inference methods that can characterize forest inventory variables and AGB uncertainty across multiple spatial scales and types of vegetation structure. Predictions at pixel level were used to produce county, provincial, and regional model-based estimates, which were then compared with design-based estimates at different scales for different types of forest. We developed and tested both methods for forested area (cover, 19,744.15 km2), one province (9126.78 km2), and two counties (1594.42 km2 and 2076.76 km2, respectively) in Extremadura. The resulting relative standard error (SE) for regional level forest type-specific model-based estimates of V, G, IAVC, and AGB ranged from 3.34%–14.46%, 3.22%–12.50%, 4.46%–16.67%, and 3.63%–12.58%, respectively. The performance of the model-based approach, as assessed by the relative SE, was similar to that of the design-based approach at regional and provincial levels. However, the precision of SNFI model-based estimates was higher than that of estimates based on only the plot observations in small areas (e.g. at county level). The standard errors (SE) for model-based inferences were stable across the different scales, while SNFI design-based errors were higher due to the small sample sizes available for small areas. The findings indicate that SNFI-model based maps could be used directly to estimate forest inventory variables and AGB in the major forest strata included in the Spanish Forest Map, leading to potentially large economic savings.SIThe authors also thank to Forest Research Centre, a research unit funded by Fundação para a Ciência e aTecnologia I.P. (FCT), Portugal (UIDB/00239/2021). Postdoctoral grant Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de España PTQ-13-06378 (Ministry of Economy, Industry, and Competitiveness) to Dr Juan Guerra Hernández. Grant number LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-030391, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia PTDC/ASP-SIL/30391/2017. Project “Apoio à Contratação de Recursos Humanos Altamente Qualificados” (NORTE-06-3559-FSE-000045). under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement. ForestWISE - Collaborative Laboratory for Integrated Forest & Fire Management, was recognized as a CoLAB by the Foundation for Science and Technology, I.P. (FCT). This research was supported by the project “Extensión del cuarto inventario forestal nacional mediante técnicas LiDAR para la gestión sostenible de los montes de Extremadura” from the Extremadura Forest Service (FEADER nº 1952SE1FR435

FORTLS: An R Package for Processing TLS Data and Estimating Stand Variables in Forest Inventories

Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) enables rapid, automatic, and detailed 3D representation of surfaces with an easily handled scanner device. TLS, therefore, shows great potential for use in Forest Inventories (FIs). However, the lack of well-established algorithms for TLS data processing hampers operational use of the scanner for FI purposes. Here, we present FORTLS, which is an R package specifically developed to automate TLS point cloud data processing for forestry purposes. The FORTLS package enables (i) detection of trees and estimation of their diameter at breast height (dbh), (ii) estimation of some stand variables (e.g., density, basal area, mean, and dominant height), (iii) computation of metrics related to important tree attributes estimated in FIs at stand level, and (iv) optimization of plot design for combining TLS data and field measured data. FORTLS can be used with single-scan TLS data, thus, improving data acquisition and shortening the processing time as well as increasing sample size in a cost-efficient manner. The package also includes several features for correcting occlusion problems in order to produce improved estimates of stand variables. These features of the FORTLS package will enable the operational use of TLS in FIs, in combination with inference techniques derived from model-based and model-assisted approachesThis research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, AGL2016-76769-C2-2-R. JAMV was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Education through the FPU program (FPU16/03057)S

Operationalizing the use of TLS in forest inventories: the R package FORTLS

Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) devices show great potential for application in Forest Inventories (FIs) as they are capable of registering high resolution point clouds rapidly and automatically. Nevertheless, operational use of TLS for FI purposes has been hampered by the absence of algorithms for processing the acquired data, particularly in the single-scan mode, as occlusions result in loss of information. The R package FORTLS has been developed to overcome this obstacle, as it automates the processing of single-scan TLS point cloud data for forestry purposes and includes several features that deal with occlusions. FORTLS makes use of the main advantage of the single-scan scenario in FI, thus improving the efficiency of data acquisition and post-processing. All of these features of the FORTLS package are potentially valuable for the operational use of TLS in FIs, in combination with inference techniques derived from model-based and model-assisted approachesThis work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [AGL2016-76769-C2-2-R; PID2020-119204RB-C22] and Galician Regional Government [2020-CP031; ED431F 2020/02]; JAMV was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities through the FPU program [FPU16/03057]; AMC was supported by Galician Regional Government within the framework of the agreement “Development of the Galician continuous forest inventory” [2020-CP031]; CPC was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [RYC2018-024939-I]S