Language biases and implicit attitudes among university students in Galicia (Spain)

This study aims to contribute to the ongoing debate on the role of language attitudes in Galicia (Spain). By means of a mixed methodological approach, we investigate the interrelation between 168 university students’ Implicit Association Test (IAT) results towards Galician Spanish (GS) and Traditional Galician (TG), and their sociolinguistic background. The study found complex interrelations of various factors. Family language and everyday language appeared to play a prominent role in determining the implicit language attitudes towards both languages. Proficiency in Galician was the only other factor that significantly contributed to the development of positive attitudes towards TG, while having Spanish as the L-1 was identified asa key factor in the formation of positive attitudes towards GS. Unlike previous research on explicit attitudes, place of living (rural vs urban) is not associated with (implicit) language attitude formation. Notably, political orientation arises as a relevant factor that should be addressed in future research

Una intervención interactiva por medio de foros en el aprendizaje colaborativo

Este estudio analiza el efecto de un entorno colaborativo en el aprendizaje de estudiantes de primer año de enseñanza superior.  Se elaboraron foros colaborativos, donde el estudiante participa en forma continua durante el periodo de duración de la asignatura. Cada foro considera aspectos relacionados al tipo de información del mensaje y el nivel de profundidad del aporte dado.  Los resultados del foro al triangularlos con las notas finales obtenidas por los estudiantes, muestran que el efecto es positivo, además se observa que se produce una mayor profundidad en los mensajes, en aquellos estudiantes que han participado activamente en los foros, es decir, entre más foros participe el estudiante mayor es la profundidad que alcanza

A higher skeletal muscle mass and lower adiposity phenotype is associated with better cardiometabolic control in adults with hip and knee osteoarthritis: results from the Chilean National Health Survey 2016-2017

Objective: This study aimed to (1) characterize cardiometabolic factors in self-reported hip and knee osteoarthritis (OAD) across four body composition phenotypes defined by muscle mass and adiposity, and (2) associate risk factors with diabetes and hypertension (HTN). Methods: A crosssectional analysis of the Chilean National Health Survey 2016–17 (n = 4996) stratified participants into four groups: low skeletal muscle mass/high waist circumference (Low-SMM/High-WC), low SMM/low WC (Low-SMM/Low-WC), high SMM/high WC (High-SMM/High-WC), and high SMM/low WC (reference group). Each group was further divided into subgroups with or without diagnosed hip or knee OAD. The main outcomes were fasting plasma glucose, systolic (SBP)/diastolic (DBP) blood pressure (continuous outcomes), and other secondary factors such as cardiovascular risk (CVR). Results: In the hip OAD subgroup, the Low-SMM/High-WC groups had significantly higher SBP versus the reference value (145 vs. 127 mmHg, p < 0.0001, diff +18 mmHg). In the knee OAD subgroup, the Low-SMM/High-WC groups had significantly higher SBP versus the reference value (141 vs. 134 mmHg, p < 0.0001, diff +7 mmHg). The SBP showed a significant interaction between the group and OAD diagnosis (p = 0.007 hip OAD; p < 0.0001 knee OAD). Conclusions: Hip and knee OAD associates with elevated SBP/DBP in older adults. OAD groups showed an OR above 2 for diabetes, 2.7 for HTN, 4.5 for metabolic syndrome, and over 2 for moderate-to-high cardiovascular risk. OAD interacts substantially with cardiometabolic factors, especially in low muscle mass/high adiposity phenotypes. Lifestyle optimization of physical activity and nutrition to preserve muscle mass and mitigate adiposity is essential for cardiometabolic health promotion in OAD patients

Comparison of the detection of periodontal pathogens in bacteraemia after tooth brushing by culture and molecular techniques

Background: The prevalence and amounts of periodontal pathogens detected in bacteraemia samples after tooth brushing-induced by means of four diagnostic technique, three based on culture and one in a molecular-based technique, have been compared in this study. Material and Methods: Blood samples were collected from thirty-six subjects with different periodontal status (17 were healthy, 10 with gingivitis and 9 with periodontitis) at baseline and 2 minutes after tooth brushing. Each sample was analyzed by three culture-based methods [direct anaerobic culturing (DAC), hemo-culture (BACTEC), and lysis-centrifugation (LC)] and one molecular-based technique [quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)]. With culture any bacterial isolate was detected and quantified, while with qPCR only Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans were detected and quantified. Descriptive analyses, ANOVA and Chi-squared tests, were performed. Results: Neither BACTEC nor qPCR detected any type of bacteria in the blood samples. Only LC (2.7%) and DAC (8.3%) detected bacteraemia, although not in the same patients. Fusobacterium nucleatum was the most frequently detected bacterial species. Conclusions: The disparity in the results when the same samples were analyzed with four different microbiological detection methods highlights the need for a proper validation of the methodology to detect periodontal pathogens in bacteraemia samples, mainly when the presence of periodontal pathogens in blood samples after tooth brushing was very seldom

Aportaciones al estudio de la música en la santa capilla de San Andrés de Jaén durante el siglo XVI: dos juegos de versos para ministriles de Gil de Ávila (fl. 1574-1597)

2015 marks the 500th anniversary of the foundation in Jaén of a major confraternity attached to the parish church of San Andrés and known as Santa Capilla. What differentiates this brotherhood of others created in Spain at the time is the bylaws established presence of a music chapel in order to exalt its religious celebrations. This article offers a panoramic study of the Santa Capilla as a musical institution during the 16th century, based on new archival findings. The work includes an analysis of models of patronage that its founder, the Apostolic Protonotary Gutierre González Doncel, might have in mind; a critical review of the musical activities of singers, instrumentalists and chapelmasters at the service of the institution; some hypotheses about the repertoire used; and a specific study, accompanied by the critical edition, of two interesting sets of verses for minstrels by Gil de Ávila, the only pieces preserved by the only 16th-century chapelmaster of the Santa Capilla with known musical production.En el año 2015 se conmemora el quinto centenario de la fundación en Jaén de una importante cofradía adscrita a la iglesia parroquial de San Andrés y conocida con el nombre de Santa Capilla. Lo que diferencia a esta hermandad de otras creadas en la España de la época es la presencia, estatutariamente establecida, de una capilla de música con el propósito de enaltecer sus celebraciones religiosas. El presente artículo ofrece un estudio panorámico sobre la Santa Capilla como institución musical durante el siglo XVI, basándose en nuevos hallazgos archivísticos. El trabajo incluye un análisis de los modelos de mecenazgo que pudo tener en mente su fundador, el protonotario apostólico Gutierre González Doncel; una revisión crítica de las actividades musicales de cantores, instrumentistas y maestros de capilla al servicio de la cofradía; algunas hipótesis sobre el repertorio musical empleado; y un estudio específico, acompañado de la edición crítica, de dos singulares juegos de versos para ministriles de Gil de Ávila, únicas piezas del único maestro de la Santa Capilla del siglo XVI del que conocemos música

Descripción del diseño y construcción de un torno de control numérico

RESUMEN: Se presenta la implementación y resultados de un sistema de control numérico diseñado y construido localmente. Se describe el sistema mecánico y se explican con detalle los sistemas electrónico y de software, implementados para fabricar piezas de ajedrez a partir de un dibujo realizado en cualquier software de diseño gráfico. Se describen los algoritmos básicos y conceptos de conversión a unidades de desplazamiento de los actuadores del sistema. Igualmente, se describe la interfaz gráfica que facilita la interrelación del usuario (diseñador) con el sistema CAD.ABSTRACT: Here we present the implementation and results of a numerical control system locally built and the electronic system are explained. With further detail it is explored the software used to make chess pieces, based on drawings created with any graphic designs software. Additionaly, we describe basic algorithms and concepts refering to the conversion displacement units of the system actuator, besides of the graphic interface that cases the inter-relation between the user (designer) and the CAD system

Elogio fúnebre del ... señor Don Josef Alvarez de Toledo, Gonzaga y Caracciolo, &c Duque de Alba ... que en las ... exequias ...

Notas a pie págSign.: [A]E4, F

Educational and self reflection teacher evaluation: symbiosis and predation?

Se trata de un trabajo que recoge la opinión de profesores chilenos, sobre la autoevaluación que realizan docentes municipales sometidos al programa nacional de evaluación docente. Los resultados de dicho programa revelan que en el quinquenio 2007-2011, existe una marcada diferencia en los promedios nacionales obtenidos en la autoevaluación que se asignan los docentes (3,9 sobre 4), con las ocho dimensiones que evalúa el portafolio, donde su promedio no alcanza el mínimo de aprobación (2,5 sobre 4). Se aplicó una entrevista semiestructurada a 38 profesores pertenecientes a establecimientos particulares subvencionados (los que no tienen obligación alguna de participar del programa nacional de evaluación). La explicación que otorgan en relación a esta discrepancia, es en su mayoría a la falta de reflexión y autocrítica de los docentes con respecto a su desempeño, mientras que un porcentaje no menor, mencionan que los instrumentos de evaluación no se acercan a la realidad nacional y son fácilmente manipulables. Cabe destacar, que existe cierto desconocimiento en relación a las prácticas evaluativas utilizadas por el programa, sin embargo, aun así, se plantea como una forma de abordar el problema, brindar mayor capacitación y supervisión de las prácticas docentes.It’s about a work that piles the opinions of several Chilean professors, on self-assessment made by educators municipal submitted to national teacher evaluation program. The results of this program shows that in the period of 2007-2011, there is a marked difference in the national averages obtained in the self-assessment that teachers are assigned (3,9 over 4) with the 8 dimensions that are evaluated on the briefcase, where the average don’t reach the minimum of approbation (2,5 over 4). A semi structured interview was applied to 38 professors belonging to private subsidized schools (the ones who had no obligations so ever in participate in the national program of evaluation). The explanation they give regarding this discrepancy is mostly a lack of reflection and self-criticism of teachers with regard to their performance, meanwhile a not minor percentage, mentions that the instruments of evaluations are not close to the national reality and are easily manipulable. Remarkably, there is some dark regarding assessment practices used by the program, however, still is seen as a way to address the problem, provide more training and supervision of teaching practice

The role of an electronic alert system to detect acute kidney injury in hospitalized patients: DETECT-H Project

Background and aims: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with higher mortality and length of stay (LOS) for hospitalized patients. To improve outcomes, an electronic detection system could be a useful tool for early diagnosis. Methods: A fully automated real-time system for detecting decreased glomerular filtration rate in adult patients was developed in our hospital, DETECT-H project. AKI was established according to KDIGO guidelines. Results: In six months, 1241 alerts from 11,022 admissions were issued. Overall incidence of AKI was 7.7%. Highest AKI stage reached was: stage 1 (49.8%), 2 (24.5%) and 3 (25.8%), in-hospital mortality was 10.9%, 22.7%, 33.9% respectively and 57.1% in AKI requiring dialysis; mortality in stable CKD was 4.3%. Median LOS was 8 days versus 5 days for all patients. AKI was associated with a mortality of 3.18 (95% CI 1.80–5.59) and a LOS 1.52 (1.11–2.08) times as high as that for admissions without AKI. Multivariate analysis indicated that a LOS higher than 8 days was associated with AKI. Previous CKD was noted in 31.9% and AKI in 45.3% at discharge. As compared to the use of the detect system, only one third of CKD patients and half of AKI episodes were identified. Conclusions: CKD and in-hospital AKI are under-recognized entities. Mortality and LOS are increased in-hospital patients with renal dysfunction. AKI severity was associated with higher mortality and LOS. An automated electronic detection system for identifying renal dysfunction would be a useful tool to improve renal outcomes. Resumen: Introducción y objetivos: El fracaso renal agudo (FRA) aumenta la mortalidad y la estancia hospitalarias (EH). El empleo de sistemas de detección electrónica podría ser una herramienta beneficiosa para mejorar estos resultados. Métodos: Se desarrolló un sistema de detección automático a tiempo real de pacientes ingresados con función renal alterada, denominado proyecto DETECT-H. El FRA se estableció de acuerdo con las guías KDIGO. Resultados: En 6 meses, 1.241 alertas fueron recogidas de 11.022 ingresos. La incidencia global del FRA fue del 7,7%. La distribución en función del estadio máximo del FRA alcanzado fue: estadio 1: 49,8%, estadio 2: 24,5% y estadio 3: 25,8%; con una mortalidad hospitalaria del 10,9, 22,7 y 33,9%, respectivamente. En el caso del FRA con necesidad de diálisis fue del 57,1%. La mortalidad en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) estable fue del 4,3%. La mediana de EH en pacientes detectados fue 8 vs. 5 días para todos los pacientes hospitalizados. El FRA se asoció con una mortalidad 3,18 (1,8-5,59) y una EH 1,52 (1,11-2,08) veces superior que aquellos ingresos sin FRA. El análisis multivariante indicó que el FRA se asociaba con la EH > 8 días.En los informes de alta, la presencia de ERC previa solo fue registrada en el 31,9% de los pacientes con ERC y el FRA hospitalario en el 45,3%. Conclusiones: La ERC y el FRA intrahospitalario son entidades infradiagnosticadas. La mortalidad y la EH están aumentadas en pacientes con disfunción renal. La gravedad del FRA se asoció con mayor mortalidad y EH. Un sistema de detección automático para identificarlos podría ser útil para mejorar estos resultados. Keywords: Acute kidney injury, Automated electronic detection system, Chronic kidney disease, Diagnosis, Health information technology, Mortality, Palabras clave: Fracaso renal agudo, Sistema de detección electrónica automática, Enfermedad renal crónica, Diagnóstico, Tecnología de información de la salud, Mortalida