DIET COMPOSITION OF ANOA (Buballus sp.) STUDIED USING DIRECT OBSERVATION AND DUNG ANALYSIS METHOD IN THEIR HABITAT

Anoa are fully protected under Indonesian Law since 1931 (Law of Protection of Wild Animals 1931, no 134). Increasing law enforcement regarding hunting as well as promoting awareness of the Anoas unique threatened the existence of conservation measures. The modern concept of conservation based on the sustainability utilization, and therefore the knowledge of the Anoa preference in feeding to support the sustainability conservation should be studied. In the present study, the combination of direct observation methods which was done in the Lore Lindu National Park in Toro village at District Kulawi, Central Sulawesi and the epidermal analysis method which was carried out to Anoa’s dung were aimed to identify the vegetations preferred by Anoa in their habitat. The result showed 28 species of vegetations was used as feed by Anoa on in situ area. According to its percentage, the first ten were Freycinetia insignis Blume (17%), Microlepia todayensis Christ (8.9%), Disoxylum sp (8.6%), Lasianthus clementis Merr (7.7%), Clusia sp (7.5%), Schleria sp (6%), Podocarpus imbricatus (5.4%), Smilax leucophylla (5.1%), Elastostema sp (4.2%), and Garcinia sp (3.8%), respectively. Furthermore, it can be concluded that Anoa was eat more leafs and shrubs/bushes (each 24%, respectively) compared to flowers (18%), fruits (12%), shoots (8%), grasses, tubers, young grooves (each 4%, respectively) and moss (2%). Nutritionally, Anoa consumed 8.8% protein and 25.6% crude fiber. Keywords: Diet Composition, Dung Analysis, Ano

Analsis Determinasi Modal terhadap Sisa Hasil USAha Koperasi Unit Desa di Kabupaten Muaro Jambi

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat pengaruh antara modal sendiri dan modal pinjaman terhadap SHU KUD. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kabupaten Muaro Jambi. Data yang dikumpulakan adalah KUD yang aktif melakukan Rapat Anggota Tahunan dari tahun 2008-2010. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linear berganda dengan uji statistik F. Variabel dependen dalam penelitian ini adalah SHU dan variabel independennya adalah modal sendiri dan modal pinjaman.Dari hasil penelitian didapat nilai Fhitung lebih besar dari Ftabel pada taraf kepercayaan 95% yang artinya terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara modal sendiri dan modal pinjama terhadap SHU KUD. Nilai R2 adalah 0,359 yang artinya Perubahan variasi variabel SHU sebagai variabel dependen dapat dijelaskan oleh Perubahan variasi variabel modal sendiri dan modal pinjaman sebagai variabel independen sebesar 35,9%. Uji lanjut, uji t menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial modal sendiri dan modal pinjaman memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap SHU. Dari hasil regresi memperlihatkan bahwa modal sendiri memiliki pengaruh yang positif sedangkan modal pinjaman memiliki pengaruh yang negatif terhadap SHU

Hysteresis-Free Nanosecond Pulsed Electrical Characterization of Top-Gated Graphene Transistors

We measure top-gated graphene field effect transistors (GFETs) with nanosecond-range pulsed gate and drain voltages. Due to high-k dielectric or graphene imperfections, the drain current decreases ~10% over time scales of ~10 us, consistent with charge trapping mechanisms. Pulsed operation leads to hysteresis-free I-V characteristics, which are studied with pulses as short as 75 ns and 150 ns at the drain and gate, respectively. The pulsed operation enables reliable extraction of GFET intrinsic transconductance and mobility values independent of sweep direction, which are up to a factor of two higher than those obtained from simple DC characterization. We also observe drain-bias-induced charge trapping effects at lateral fields greater than 0.1 V/um. In addition, using modeling and capacitance-voltage measurements we extract charge trap densities up to 10^12 1/cm^2 in the top gate dielectric (here Al2O3). Our study illustrates important time- and field-dependent imperfections of top-gated GFETs with high-k dielectrics, which must be carefully considered for future developments of this technologyComment: to appear in IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices (2014

Terminal Penumpang Pelabuhan Laut Di Sofifi “Metafora; Kora-kora”

Terminal Penumpang Pelabuahan Laut sebagai bagian dari system transportasi yang merupakan suatu sarana penghubung yang berfungsi sebagai tempat alih/muat penumpang dan barang. Terminal Penumpang Pelabuhan adalah tempat peralihan manusia dari darat menuju ke kapal (laut) dengan segala proses yang dialuinya. Dari segi arsitektural, terminal ini bukan hanya sebagai tempat transisi, melainkan juga berfungsi sebagai pintu gerbang Provinsi Maluku Utara. Sofifi sebagai ibukota Provinsi Maluku Utara, terdapat kawasan Peruntukan pelabuhan, hal ini tercantum dalam Rencana Detail Tata Ruang Kota Sofifi dimana pelabuhan merupakan sarana yang memiliki konektifitas dengan perekonomian di dalamnya. Untuk menunjang aktivitas pemerintahan dan mobilitas manusia di Maluku Utara maka didesain terminal penumpang pelabuhan laut sebagai salah satu sarana yang memberikan dampak positif bagi pembangunan di Maluku Utara. Dalam perencanaan proyek ini, dilakukan pendekatan desain tematik dengan konsep Metafora; Kora-kora dimana Kora-kora merupakan perahu/kapal tradisional Maluku yang digunakan pada zaman dahulu. Terminal pelabuhan dengan konsep ini dapat menampilkan sebuah bangunan yang menjadi cerminan daerah kepulauan sehingga diharapkan infrastruktur yang dibangun ini memiliki pengaruh dalam memajukan serta mewujudkan pembangunan yang merata di seluruh wilayah provinsi Maluku Utara

Modelling and Simulation of a Manipulator with Stable Viscoelastic Grasping Incorporating Friction

Design, dynamics and control of a humanoid robotic hand based on anthropological dimensions, with joint friction, is modelled, simulated and analysed in this paper by using computer aided design and multibody dynamic simulation. Combined joint friction model is incorporated in the joints. Experimental values of coefficient of friction of grease lubricated sliding contacts representative of manipulator joints are presented. Human fingers deform to the shape of the grasped object (enveloping grasp) at the area of interaction. A mass-spring-damper model of the grasp is developed. The interaction of the viscoelastic gripper of the arm with objects is analysed by using Bond Graph modelling method. Simulations were conducted for several material parameters. These results of the simulation are then used to develop a prototype of the proposed gripper. Bond graph model is experimentally validated by using the prototype. The gripper is used to successfully transport soft and fragile objects. This paper provides information on optimisation of friction and its inclusion in both dynamic modelling and simulation to enhance mechanical efficiency

A general proof of the equivalence between the \delta N and covariant formalisms

Recently, the equivalence between the \delta N and covariant formalisms has been shown (Suyama et al. 2012), but they essentially assumed Einstein gravity in their proof. They showed that the evolution equation of the curvature covector in the covariant formalism on uniform energy density slicings coincides with that of the curvature perturbation in the \delta N formalism assuming the coincidence of uniform energy and uniform expansion (Hubble) slicings, which is the case on superhorizon scales in Einstein gravity. In this short note, we explicitly show the equivalence between the \delta N and covariant formalisms without specifying the slicing condition and the associated slicing coincidence, in other words, regardless of the gravity theory.Comment: 7 pages,a reference added, to be published in EP

Hybrid dispersion laser scanner.

Laser scanning technology is one of the most integral parts of today's scientific research, manufacturing, defense, and biomedicine. In many applications, high-speed scanning capability is essential for scanning a large area in a short time and multi-dimensional sensing of moving objects and dynamical processes with fine temporal resolution. Unfortunately, conventional laser scanners are often too slow, resulting in limited precision and utility. Here we present a new type of laser scanner that offers ∼1,000 times higher scan rates than conventional state-of-the-art scanners. This method employs spatial dispersion of temporally stretched broadband optical pulses onto the target, enabling inertia-free laser scans at unprecedented scan rates of nearly 100 MHz at 800 nm. To show our scanner's broad utility, we use it to demonstrate unique and previously difficult-to-achieve capabilities in imaging, surface vibrometry, and flow cytometry at a record 2D raster scan rate of more than 100 kHz with 27,000 resolvable points

Effect of significant data loss on identifying electric signals that precede rupture by detrended fluctuation analysis in natural time

Electric field variations that appear before rupture have been recently studied by employing the detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) as a scaling method to quantify long-range temporal correlations. These studies revealed that seismic electric signals (SES) activities exhibit a scale invariant feature with an exponent $\alpha_{DFA} \approx 1$ over all scales investigated (around five orders of magnitude). Here, we study what happens upon significant data loss, which is a question of primary practical importance, and show that the DFA applied to the natural time representation of the remaining data still reveals for SES activities an exponent close to 1.0, which markedly exceeds the exponent found in artificial (man-made) noises. This, in combination with natural time analysis, enables the identification of a SES activity with probability 75% even after a significant (70%) data loss. The probability increases to 90% or larger for 50% data loss.Comment: 12 Pages, 11 Figure