Does microbiota influence the risk of childhood obesity?

Childhood obesity is associated to incremented risk of developing diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, or cancer, later in life. Several factors affect infant weight gain such as genetics, maternal lifestyle, and other environmental factors. Perinatal period is considered to be the most important one when defining metabolic programming of the future adult. Several previous researches have discussed the role that gut microbiota might play on obesity risk and its development between 3-5 years old. Again, perinatal period is crucial to define quantity and diversity of a healthy intestinal microbiota. Maternal diet/BMI, delivery mode, antibiotic exposure and breastfeeding are some of the processes that will determine a favorable gut microbiota. Functions of gut microbiota, mostly by producing short-chain fatty acids as metabolites, include regulation of metabolism and immune system of the host, which may be compromised in case of dysbiosis. This review pretends to evaluate the state of the art concerning infant obesity and the role of gut microbiota. Despite the large amount of scientific publications, there is still much work to do regarding the clarification of mechanisms and the possible therapy for childhood obesity.La obesidad infantil se asocia con el incremento del riesgo de desarrollar futuras enfermedades como la diabetes, las enfermedades cardiovasculares o el cáncer. Varios factores afectan la ganancia de peso infantil, como la genética, el estilo de vida materno y otros factores ambientales. El período perinatal es considerado como el más importante a la hora de definir la programación metabólica del futuro adulto. Varias investigaciones previas han discutido el rol que podría tener la microbiota intestinal en el riesgo de obesidad y su desarrollo entre los 3 y 5 años. Una vez más, el período perinatal es crucial para definir la cantidad y la diversidad de una microbiota intestinal saludable. La dieta materna, el tipo de parto, la exposición a los antibióticos y la lactancia materna son algunos de los procesos que determinarán una microbiota intestinal favorable. Las funciones de la microbiota intestinal, principalmente mediante la producción de ácidos grasos de cadena corta como metabolitos, incluyen la regulación del metabolismo y el sistema inmunológico del huésped, que pueden estar comprometidos en caso de disbiosis. Esta revisión pretende evaluar el estado del arte en relación con la obesidad infantil y el papel de la microbiota intestinal. A pesar de la gran cantidad de publicaciones científicas, todavía hace falta aclarar los mecanismos y la posible terapia para la obesidad infantil.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

¿Influye la microbiota en el riesgo de obesidad infantil?

Childhood obesity is associated to incremented risk of developing diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, or cancer, later in life. Several factors affect infant weight gain such as genetics, maternal lifestyle, and other environmental factors. Perinatal period is considered to be the most important one to when defining metabolic programming of the future adult. Several previous researches have discussed the role that gut microbiota might play on obesity risk and its development between 3-5 years old. Again, perinatal period is crucial to define quantity and diversity of a healthy intestinal microbiota. Maternal diet/BMI, delivery mode, antibiotic exposure and breastfeeding are some of the processes that will determine a favorable gut microbiota. Functions of gut microbiota, mostly by producing short-chain fatty acids as metabolites, include regulation of metabolism and immune system of the host, which may be compromised in case of dysbiosis. This review pretends to evaluate the state of the art concerning infant obesity and the role of gut microbiota. Despite the large amount of scientific publications, there is still much work to do regarding the clarification of mechanisms and the possible therapy for childhood obesity.La obesidad infantil se asocia con el incremento del riesgo de desarrollar futuras enfermedades como la diabetes, las enfermedades cardiovasculares o el cáncer. Varios factores afectan la ganancia de peso infantil, como la genética, el estilo de vida materno y otros factores ambientales. El período perinatal es considerado como el más importante a la hora de definir la programación metabólica del futuro adulto. Varias investigaciones previas han discutido el rol que podría tener la microbiota intestinal en el riesgo de obesidad y su desarrollo entre los 3 y 5 años. Una vez más, el período perinatal es crucial para definir la cantidad y la diversidad de una microbiota intestinal saludable. La dieta materna, el tipo de parto, la exposición a los antibióticos y la lactancia materna son algunos de los procesos que determinarán una microbiota intestinal favorable. Las funciones de la microbiota intestinal, principalmente mediante la producción de ácidos grasos de cadena corta como metabolitos, incluyen la regulación del metabolismo y el sistema inmunológico del huésped, que pueden estar comprometidos en caso de disbiosis. Esta revisión pretende evaluar el estado del arte en relación con la obesidad infantil y el papel de la microbiota intestinal. A pesar de la gran cantidad de publicaciones científicas, todavía hace falta aclarar los mecanismos y la posible terapia para la obesidad infantil

The Association between Care Experiences and Parent Ratings of Care for Different Racial, Ethnic, and Language Groups in a Medicaid Population: Association between Care Experiences and Parent Ratings of Care

To examine the association between care experiences and parent ratings of care within racial/ethnic/language subgroups

Control of Strongyles in first-season grazing ewe lambs by integrating deworming and thrice-weekly administration of parasiticidal fungal spores

Research Areas: MicrobiologyParasiticidal fungi have been used in several in vivo experiments in livestock farms worldwide, constituting an effective tool for the biocontrol of gastrointestinal parasites in grazing animals. In the first year of study, two groups of eight first-season pasturing ewe lambs infected by strongyles were dewormed with albendazole, and then, the test group received an oral dose of 106 chlamydospores of Mucor circinelloides and 106 Duddingtonia flagrans individually and thrice a week from mid-September to May (FS1), while the control group remained without fungi (CT1). In the second year, two new groups of first-season grazing ewe lambs were treated with ivermectin and subjected to the same experimental design (FS2 and CT2, respectively). The anthelmintic efficacy was 96.6% (CT1), 95.6% (FS1), 96.1% (CT2), and 95.1% (FS2). The counts of strongyle egg output increased in the control groups (CT1 and CT2) throughout the study and reached numbers higher than 600 eggs per gram of feces (EPG), while in FS1 and FS2, they were <250 EPG. The values of red blood cell parameters registered for CT1 and CT2 were lower than those of the reference standards, while a significant increment was recorded in FS1 and FS2, and values within the physiological range were attained. It is concluded that integrating efficient anthelminthic deworming with rotational pasturing and the regular intake of chlamydospores of M. circinelloides and D. flagrans provides a helpful strategy for maintaining low levels of strongyle egg output in first-season grazing ewe lambs and improves their health status.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Influenza surveillance in Europe: comparing intensity levels calculated using the moving epidemic method.

Although influenza-like illnesses (ILI) and acute respiratory illnesses (ARI) surveillance are well established in Europe, the comparability of intensity among countries and seasons remains an unresolved challenge. The objective is to compare the intensity of ILI and ARI in some European countries. Weekly ILI and ARI incidence rates and proportion of primary care consultations were modeled in 28 countries for the 1996/1997-2013/2014 seasons using the moving epidemic method (MEM). We calculated the epidemic threshold and three intensity thresholds, which delimit five intensity levels: baseline, low, medium, high, and very high. The intensity of 2013/2014 season is described and compared by country. The lowest ILI epidemic thresholds appeared in Sweden and Estonia (below 10 cases per 100 000) and the highest in Belgium, Denmark, Hungary, Poland, Serbia, and Slovakia (above 100 per 100 000). The 2009/2010 season was the most intense, with 35% of the countries showing high or very high intensity levels. The European epidemic period in season 2013/2014 started in January 2014 in Spain, Poland, and Greece. The intensity was between low and medium and only Greece reached the high intensity level, in weeks 7 to 9/2014. Some countries remained at the baseline level throughout the entire surveillance period. Epidemic and intensity thresholds varied by country. Influenza-like illnesses and ARI levels normalized by MEM in 2013/2014 showed that the intensity of the season in Europe was between low and medium in most of the countries. Comparing intensity among seasons or countries is essential for understanding patterns in seasonal epidemics. An automated standardized model for comparison should be implemented at national and international levels.This work has been funded by the National and International Public Institutions and the Regional Health Department of Castilla y León (Spain).S

Biomass production, supply, uses and flows in the European Union: First results from an integrated assessment

The report delivers an assessment of EU biomass production, uses, flows and related environmental impacts for the sectors agriculture, forestry, fisheries and aquaculture, and algae. Quantitative estimates are derived from available data and current knowledge, yet highlighting the uncertainties and the remaining gaps. The work is framed within the JRC biomass study and is meant to support the EU bioeconomy and the related policies.JRC.D.1-Bio-econom

Developing speaking competences in technical English for Spanish civil engineering students

[EN] Traditionally, Spanish schools of civil engineering provide their students a class on “Technical English” in order to develop their language skills. However, this class does not cover all the skills that the student would need in the labor market and mainly focuses in the reading and writing skills, and in a lower degree in the speaking and listening ones. This paper proposes a series of innovative and informal training activities (cine-forum on technical civil engineering topics and role playing on real professional situations) that allow Spanish civil engineering students to develop English skills that can rarely be worked in the classroom (i.e. speaking, negotiating and conversing), encouraging debate, participation, and fostering their self-confidence to speak about technical-English topics in public. Although the students’ level of English is much lower than expected, they all agree on the importance of technical English for their future career. The results also show the students’ lack in skills that are difficult to train in regular classes (speaking and talking). Consequently, this situation would require to provide complementary activities like the ones suggested in this project in order to develop these skills and increase the students’ demand for engineering classes taught in English.Romero De Ávila Serrano, V.; Diaz García, S.; Asensio Sánchez, L.; Lozano Galant, JA.; Moyano Enríquez De Salamanca, A.; Porras Soriano, R.; Poveda Bautista, E.... (2017). Developing speaking competences in technical English for Spanish civil engineering students. En Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 1228-1236. https://doi.org/10.4995/HEAD17.2017.55641228123

Mujeres conversando con mujeres: un encuentro en el seminario Rutas Críticas 8

The “Critical Routes” seminars, held since 2006, aim to discuss and present data on research and interventions regarding violence against women. This text presents a narrative synthesis of the International Seminar on Critical Routes 8, entitled “Feminicides: We need to talk about this,” held in Porto Alegre in 2017. The interview format was used to present the narratives, theoretical references and specific situations of each region. Feminicides have increased under the neoliberal model that is taking place in the countries of Latin America, and there is an excess mortality among young, migrant, unprotected, poor and racialized women. The publication of these types of syntheses is an opportunity to make public research data that denounce specific situations of risk and vulnerability. The article shares critical reflections and conversations among Brazilian and Spanish-speaking Latin American researchers, seeking to strengthen actions to combat violence.Los seminarios “Rutas Críticas”, realizados desde 2006, tienen por objetivo discutir y presentar datos de investigaciones e intervenciones sobre violencia contra la mujer. Este texto presenta una síntesis narrativa del Seminario Internacional Rutas Críticas 8, denominado “Feminicidios: necesitamos hablar de eso”, realizado en Porto Alegre, en 2017. Se utilizó el formato de entrevista para presentar las narrativas, referenciales teóricos y situaciones particulares de cada región. Los feminicidios aumentaran bajo el modelo neoliberal que está ocurriendo en los países de América Latina y hay una sobremortalidad de mujeres jóvenes, migrantes, sin redes de protección, pobres y racializadas. La publicación de síntesis como esta constituye una oportunidad de hacer públicos los datos de investigaciones que incluyen la denuncia de situaciones específicas de riesgo y vulnerabilidad. El artículo comparte la reflexión crítica y las conversaciones entre investigadoras brasileñas e hispanoamericanas, buscando potencializar acciones de enfrentamiento a las violencias

Women talking to women: a meeting on Critical Routes 8

Los seminarios “Rutas Críticas”, realizados desde 2006, tienen por objetivo dis-cutir y presentar datos de investigaciones e intervenciones sobre violencia contra la mujer. Este texto presenta una síntesis narrativa del Seminario Internacional Rutas Críticas 8, de-nominado “Feminicidios: necesitamos hablar de eso”, realizado en Porto Alegre, en 2017. Se utilizó el formato de entrevista para presentar las narrativas, referenciales teóricos y situaciones particulares de cada región. Los feminicidios aumentaran bajo el modelo neo-liberal que está ocurriendo en los países de América Latina y hay una sobremortalidad de mujeres jóvenes, migrantes, sin redes de protección, pobres y racializadas. La publicación de síntesis como esta constituye una oportunidad de hacer públicos los datos de investiga-ciones que incluyen la denuncia de situaciones específicas de riesgo y vulnerabilidad. El artículo comparte la reflexión crítica y las conversaciones entre investigadoras brasileñas e hispanoamericanas, buscando potencializar acciones de enfrentamiento a las violencias.The “Critical Routes” seminars, held since 2006, aim to discuss and present data on research and interventions regarding violence against women. This text presents a narrative synthesis of the International Seminar on Critical Routes 8, entitled “Feminicides: We need to talk about this,” held in Porto Alegre in 2017. The interview format was used to present the narratives, theoretical references and specific situations of each region. Feminicides have increased under the neoliberal model that is taking place in the countries of Latin America, and there is an excess mortality among young, migrant, unprotected, poor and racialized women. The publication of these types of syntheses is an opportunity to make public research data that denounce specific situations of risk and vulnerability. The article shares critical reflections and conversations among Brazilian and Spanish-speaking Latin American researchers, seeking to strengthen actions to combat violence.UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Sociales::Centro de Investigación en Estudios de La Mujer (CIEM