Matar con un lápiz. La novela criminal escrita por mujeres

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Representações da violência em A guerra dos bastardos, de Ana Paula Maia

O romance A guerra dos bastardos, de Ana Paula Maia, apresenta um denso painel de violências ficcionais, e o fato da sua autoria feminina é relevante para a nossa análise. Encontramos nesse texto todas as formas referidas no triângulo de Johan Galtung: violências visíveis ou diretas e invisíveis ou estruturais e culturais, assim como diversas manifestações da violência simbólica tal como analisou Pierre Bourdieu. Essas violências são representadas com técnicas diversas: brutalismo, ironia, “gore” distanciamento etc. Este trabalho tem como fulcro a análise dessas formas de representação e, em especial, do tratamento literário dado à descrição da violência contra a mulher e da violência da mulher

Lo que vino de América: coca (‘coca’), goiaba (‘guayaba’) y maís (‘maíz’)

Cuando el 22 de abril de 1500 las doce naves al mando de Pedro Álvares Cabral que constituían la segunda expedición portuguesa a la India desembarcaron en la costa nordeste del actual Brasil, hacía pocos meses que Vasco da Gama había regresado de su viaje pionero. Asia era entonces el centro de atención primordial para los portugueses. [...]info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use in early acute respiratory distress syndrome : Insights from the LUNG SAFE study

Publisher Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s). Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Background: Concerns exist regarding the prevalence and impact of unnecessary oxygen use in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We examined this issue in patients with ARDS enrolled in the Large observational study to UNderstand the Global impact of Severe Acute respiratory FailurE (LUNG SAFE) study. Methods: In this secondary analysis of the LUNG SAFE study, we wished to determine the prevalence and the outcomes associated with hyperoxemia on day 1, sustained hyperoxemia, and excessive oxygen use in patients with early ARDS. Patients who fulfilled criteria of ARDS on day 1 and day 2 of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure were categorized based on the presence of hyperoxemia (PaO2 > 100 mmHg) on day 1, sustained (i.e., present on day 1 and day 2) hyperoxemia, or excessive oxygen use (FIO2 ≥ 0.60 during hyperoxemia). Results: Of 2005 patients that met the inclusion criteria, 131 (6.5%) were hypoxemic (PaO2 < 55 mmHg), 607 (30%) had hyperoxemia on day 1, and 250 (12%) had sustained hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use occurred in 400 (66%) out of 607 patients with hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use decreased from day 1 to day 2 of ARDS, with most hyperoxemic patients on day 2 receiving relatively low FIO2. Multivariate analyses found no independent relationship between day 1 hyperoxemia, sustained hyperoxemia, or excess FIO2 use and adverse clinical outcomes. Mortality was 42% in patients with excess FIO2 use, compared to 39% in a propensity-matched sample of normoxemic (PaO2 55-100 mmHg) patients (P = 0.47). Conclusions: Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use are both prevalent in early ARDS but are most often non-sustained. No relationship was found between hyperoxemia or excessive oxygen use and patient outcome in this cohort. Trial registration: LUNG-SAFE is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02010073publishersversionPeer reviewe

Time to Switch to Second-line Antiretroviral Therapy in Children With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Europe and Thailand.

Background: Data on durability of first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are limited. We assessed time to switch to second-line therapy in 16 European countries and Thailand. Methods: Children aged <18 years initiating combination ART (≥2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors [NRTIs] plus nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor [NNRTI] or boosted protease inhibitor [PI]) were included. Switch to second-line was defined as (i) change across drug class (PI to NNRTI or vice versa) or within PI class plus change of ≥1 NRTI; (ii) change from single to dual PI; or (iii) addition of a new drug class. Cumulative incidence of switch was calculated with death and loss to follow-up as competing risks. Results: Of 3668 children included, median age at ART initiation was 6.1 (interquartile range (IQR), 1.7-10.5) years. Initial regimens were 32% PI based, 34% nevirapine (NVP) based, and 33% efavirenz based. Median duration of follow-up was 5.4 (IQR, 2.9-8.3) years. Cumulative incidence of switch at 5 years was 21% (95% confidence interval, 20%-23%), with significant regional variations. Median time to switch was 30 (IQR, 16-58) months; two-thirds of switches were related to treatment failure. In multivariable analysis, older age, severe immunosuppression and higher viral load (VL) at ART start, and NVP-based initial regimens were associated with increased risk of switch. Conclusions: One in 5 children switched to a second-line regimen by 5 years of ART, with two-thirds failure related. Advanced HIV, older age, and NVP-based regimens were associated with increased risk of switch

Lletra de Dona (Letra de Mujer). Una herramienta para la evaluación continua en asignaturas del ámbito de humanidades

Des de 2004, un equip de professorat de l’àrea de Filologia (literatura) —i ara també de Filosofia— de la Universitat de Barcelona treballa en una experiència d’innovació docent anomenada Lletra de Dona. Es tracta de potenciar un tipus de tasques —ressenya o comentari— que faciliten l’avaluació continuada en aquests àmbits. Aquesta eina avaluadora serveix de base també per a una publicació en línia que inicia l’alumnat en el món de la crítica literària i treballa competències ètiques (responsabilitat d’autoria, visibilitat de la producció literària i filosòfica femenina) i professionalitzadores.Since 2004, a group of literature teachers (belonging to different philology departments) —and lately also some colleagues from philosophy departments— at the Universitat de Barcelona has been working on a Teaching Innovation Project called Lletra de Dona (Writing by Women). The aim of the project is to develop tasks —reviews or commentaries— which can be used as continuous assessment exercises in these areas. The texts produced are also the starting point for a possible online publication which familiarizes students with literary criticism while it enhances their ethical awareness (authorial responsibility, the need to make feminine literary and philosophical production visible) and their professional skillsDesde 2004 un equipo de profesorado del área de Filología (literatura) —y ahora también de Filosofía— de la Universidad de Barcelona trabaja en una experiencia de innovación docente llamada Lletra de Dona (Letra de Mujer). Se trata de potenciar un tipo de tareas —reseña o comentario— que facilitan la evaluación continua en estos ámbitos. Esta herramienta evaluadora sirve de base también para una publicación online que inicia al alumnado en la crítica literaria y trabaja competencias éticas (responsabilidad de autoría, visibilidad de la producción literaria y filosófica femenina) y profesionalizadoras