Os dispositivos psiquiátricos reformistas no Brasil e no Chile e a gestão pela liberdade: breves etnografias das formas de gestão vincula das à saúde mental

O principal objetivo deste artigo é compreender as práticas cotidianas de gestão de pacientes e profissionais nos dispositivos pós-reformistas no campo de saúde mental. A partir do trabalho genealógico de Foucault sobre as práticas de governo, entendidas como formas de condução da conduta alheia, abre-se um campo possível para o estudo do surgimento e das práticas dos saberes psicológicos e psiquiátricos. Aqui teríamos dois marcos: 1) no século XVI, surgem técnicas de governo baseadas no disciplinamento, o “Estado de polícia”; e 2) no século XVIII novas tecnologias de governo em referências liberais. Neste último marco, a psicologia passa a ter especial importância no século XX, atuando especificamente em sociedades democráticas. Não somente através da disciplinarização dos indivíduos, mas principalmente através das livres manifestações naturais destes. Nosso objetivo é avaliar as práticas e conceitos de cidadania e liberdade no contexto de alguns processos de Reforma Psiquiátrica, especialmente a chilena e a brasileira. Para tal, sustentamos a hipótese de que coexistem neste campo não apenas os antigos dispositivos disciplinares e a resistência a estes, mas modos liberais de gestão. Estes serão analisados nas práticas cotidianas de gestão dos usuários em saúde mental

The Production of Subjectivities in a Division of Applied Psychology: An Assemblage of Circulation Processes

This paper aims at discussing the different ways in which subjectivities are produced by psychological practices, with a focus on clinical practice. This research is conceptually based on Isabelle Stengers’ and Vinciane Despret’s Political Epistemology and Bruno Latour’s and John Law’s Actor-Network Theory. For these authors, scientific knowledge is produced not as a representation of reality through well-formed sentences, but as modes of articulation between researchers and investigated entities. To investigate these modes of articulation produced by clinical practices, we observed the modes of articulation present in specific psychological techniques with regard to their users, especially in a therapeutic environment. These techniques follow a wide range of therapeutic approaches (psychoanalysis, cognitive behavioral therapy, Gestalt therapy and institutional analysis) are currently being observed at the DPA (Division of Applied Psychology) at UFRJ (Federal University from Rio de Janeiro) through interviews and an ethnographic approach. Furthermore, we will discuss processes related to interns and patients. With regard to the interns, we observed a very complex and almost impossible mode of negotiation with respect to the practices, concepts and duration of therapy among the therapy groups at DPA. Their education in these different therapeutic approaches can be likened to a process of purification: beyond the discussion of some basic concepts, much of the interns’ education consists in the constant criticism of other approaches. It is also very rare to observe students who practice more than one approach: beyond the pragmatic problem in articulating very different practices, there is a constant process of critique between both groups to which the intern belongs. With regard to patients it was possible to perceive two response patterns: 1) Canonical answers about what therapy is and what its goals are, demonstrating docility regarding the psychologist’s authority. 2) Answers with a more inquisitive position about psychology, with an underlying understanding that it is a way of seeing the world, a philosophy of life, thus presenting a more recalcitrant position. In this case patients link therapy to very diverse practices, and they do so in a very active way, in a process that resembles what Foucault calls the techniques of the self (a group of practices and exercises used actively by someone aiming to transform themselves into an ethical being). We can find such techniques among patients in various practices, e.g. writing in diaries, the singular appropriations of the discourse of the therapists, and even exercises of self-questioning and problematization of the instances of collective life, such as prejudice, stereotypes and subliminal messages. Thus, we can define patients in various ways, but not as passive and patient creatures

Vivências na prevenção de acidente vascular encefálico em Ananindeua, Pará: reflexões dos acadêmicos de medicina / Experiences in the prevention of stroke in Ananindeua, Pará: reflections of medical students

A busca por uma boa qualidade de vida na sociedade requer esforços que sejam efetivados tanto pela parte governamental quanto de maneira filantrópica. Dessa forma, promover educação em saúde para uma sociedade é uma maneira de efetivar a cidadania plena diante de comorbidades tão cotidianas, como o acidente vascular encefálico, que são, muitas vezes, desconhecidas pela população mais vulnerável e carente de serviços de saúde

Sexualidade e gravidez na adolescência – a visão de alunos do sexo masculino do primeiro ano do ensino médio de uma escola estadual de Belém-PA / Sexuality and teenage pregnancy - the view of male students in the first year of high school at a state school in Belém-PA

A sexualidade e a gravidez na adolescência são tabus que precisam ser rompidos na sociedade para diminuir, de forma gradual e cívica, preconceitos machistas enraizados na sociedade atual. Dessa forma, o diálogo e maneiras efetivas de manter um conhecimento sólido, por intermédio de ferramentas eficazes, pode mudar de maneira positiva e significativamente como esse tema é debatido. As-sim, a sexualidade, a gravidez na adolescência e algumas consequências disso, como o conhecimento de DST’s, poderão ser introduzidos na sociedade com sua relevância para a dignidade humana

Aleitamento materno, perspectivas e uso das mídias sociais como estratégia de promoção / Breastfeeding, perspectives and use of social media as a promotion strategy

Promover o aleitamento materno por meio de mídias sociais, ofertando informação de qualidade acerca de benefícios, dificuldades e o manejo correto durante a amamentação. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico de caráter intervencionista, mediante revisão integrativa da literatura. O público-alvo é o de gestantes e nutrizes que possuem acesso a mídias sociais. A base bibliográfica utilizada é a da Biblioteca Eletrônica Científica Online (SciElo) a partir do descritor breastfeeding. Com o produto da revisão bibliográfica, criou-se um e-book educativo que aborda de forma objetiva os benefícios e medidas adequadas para a amamentação. O ebook foi hospedado no site de registro www.projetoamamentar.com.br e os dados de acesso foram colhidos pela ferramenta Bit.ly e Instagram, durante o período de um mês. Durante a divulgação do e-book, foram feitos 259 downloads, o perfil criado no Instagram somou 503 seguidores (78,3% mulheres), as publicações totalizaram 360 curtidas (79,17% mulheres), foram obtidas 7.419 visualizações com stories de divulgação nos perfis dos autores, com média de 247 visualizações por story. A intervenção educativa focada em gestantes e nutrizes, mesmo que breve, por meio das as redes socias, foi capaz de romper as dificuldades do acesso à informação, possibilitando debates, diálogos e informação a grande diversidade de grupos

Dispositivos de atenção psicossocial no Brasil e gestão pela liberdade: breves relatos históricos das práticas relacionadas à saúde mental

The main objective of this work is to understand the daily practices of user management in post-reformist devices in the Brazilian mental health field. Through Foucault's genealogical work on government practices, understood as forms of conducting the behavior of others, it is possible to open a possible field for the study of the practices of psi knowledge, considering them as forms of management that act by through the free and natural acts of individuals. More specifically, our goal is to examine day-to-day practices on some reformist devices such as CAPS through user files. Basically, two driving models have been found in the new devices: 1) Cases with frank intervention of production of commitments and agreements with users, seeking the entry of this to varied activities and political leadership (management of the will); 2) Cases with little response from the user, in which the forms of conduction are implemented by policies of inclusion of family members and close reference characters in the management of the patient's life (management of the environment)El principal objetivo de este trabajo es comprender las prácticas cotidianas de gestión de usuarios en los dispositivos post-reformistas en el campo de salud mental brasileño. Por medio del trabajo genealógico sobre las prácticas de gobierno, entendidas como formas de conducción de la conducta ajena, es posible abrir un campo para el estudio de las prácticas de los saberes psi, en cuanto formas de gestión que actúan por medio de los actos libres y naturales de los individuos. Nuestro objetivo es examinar las prácticas cotidianas en algunos dispositivos reformistas como los CAPS por medio de los archivos de los usuarios. Básicamente se han encontrado dos modelos de conducción en los nuevos dispositivos:1) Casos con franca intervención de producción de compromisos y acuerdos con los usuarios, buscando el ingreso de estos a actividades variadas y al protagonismo político (gestión de la voluntad); 2) Casos con poca respuesta del usuario, en que las formas de conducción se implementan por políticas de inclusión de familiares y personajes de referencia cercanos en la gestión de vida del paciente (gestión del medio)

Seminário de Dissertação (2024)

Página da disciplina de Seminário de Dissertação (MPPP, UFPE, 2022) Lista de participantes == https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1mrULe1y04yPxHUBaF50jhaM1OY8QYJ3zva4N4yvm198/edit#gid=

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

Neotropical freshwater fisheries : A dataset of occurrence and abundance of freshwater fishes in the Neotropics

The Neotropical region hosts 4225 freshwater fish species, ranking first among the world's most diverse regions for freshwater fishes. Our NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set is the first to produce a large-scale Neotropical freshwater fish inventory, covering the entire Neotropical region from Mexico and the Caribbean in the north to the southern limits in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. We compiled 185,787 distribution records, with unique georeferenced coordinates, for the 4225 species, represented by occurrence and abundance data. The number of species for the most numerous orders are as follows: Characiformes (1289), Siluriformes (1384), Cichliformes (354), Cyprinodontiformes (245), and Gymnotiformes (135). The most recorded species was the characid Astyanax fasciatus (4696 records). We registered 116,802 distribution records for native species, compared to 1802 distribution records for nonnative species. The main aim of the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set was to make these occurrence and abundance data accessible for international researchers to develop ecological and macroecological studies, from local to regional scales, with focal fish species, families, or orders. We anticipate that the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set will be valuable for studies on a wide range of ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, fishery pressure, the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation, and the impacts of species invasion and climate change. There are no copyright restrictions on the data, and please cite this data paper when using the data in publications