106 research outputs found
Quality appraisal of documents producing recommendations for breast, colorectal and cervical cancer screening
Background: Breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening are evidence-based interventions recommended by most governmental agencies and scientific societies. The aim of this review is to assess the quality of guidelines on screening and to describe differences according to the context in which they were produced.
Methods: A literature search of the main databases, websites on health care, and guidelines, as well as the websites of several scientific societies was carried out in order to identify the most recent guidelines (since 2000) on cervical, breast, and colorectal cancer screening. Only documents written in Italian or English were included. Two investigators independently assessed quality by using the AGREE (Appraisal of Guidelines, Research and Evaluation in Europe) instrument.
Results: Thirty-three, 32, and 18 relevant documents for cervical, breast, and colorectal cancer, respectively, were identified. Only some documents (19, 12 and 13 for cervical, breast, and colorectal cancer, respectively) could be evaluated with AGREE. Items included in the domain “scope and purpose” obtained the highest scores, followed by “clarity of presentation” domain, while “applicability”, “patient involvement,” and “conflict of interest disclosure” domains obtained the lowest scores. The quality did not improve in more recent documents. Documents produced by governmental agencies, on average, had higher scores than documents by scientific societies, particularly for “stakeholder involvement” and “applicability”.
Conclusions: Documents from different countries and health systems differ in terms of the main recommendations given and in the quality of the documents. Those produced by governmental agencies have a more multidisciplinary authorship and pay more attention to applicability than do those produced by scientific societies
Lidar Panoptic Segmentation and Tracking without Bells and Whistles
State-of-the-art lidar panoptic segmentation (LPS) methods follow bottom-up
segmentation-centric fashion wherein they build upon semantic segmentation
networks by utilizing clustering to obtain object instances. In this paper, we
re-think this approach and propose a surprisingly simple yet effective
detection-centric network for both LPS and tracking. Our network is modular by
design and optimized for all aspects of both the panoptic segmentation and
tracking task. One of the core components of our network is the object instance
detection branch, which we train using point-level (modal) annotations, as
available in segmentation-centric datasets. In the absence of amodal (cuboid)
annotations, we regress modal centroids and object extent using
trajectory-level supervision that provides information about object size, which
cannot be inferred from single scans due to occlusions and the sparse nature of
the lidar data. We obtain fine-grained instance segments by learning to
associate lidar points with detected centroids. We evaluate our method on
several 3D/4D LPS benchmarks and observe that our model establishes a new
state-of-the-art among open-sourced models, outperforming recent query-based
models.Comment: IROS 2023. Code at https://github.com/abhinavagarwalla/most-lp
Biopolymers for Hard and Soft Engineered Tissues: Application in Odontoiatric and Plastic Surgery Field
The goal of modern dentistry and plastic surgery is to restore the patient to normal function, health and aesthetics, regardless of the disease or injury to the stomatognathic and cutaneous system respectively. In recent years tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have yielded many novel tissue replacements and implementation strategies. Scientific advances in biomaterials, stem cell isolation, growth and differentiation factors and biomimetic environments have created unique opportunities to fabricate tissues in the laboratory. Repairing of bone and skin is likely to become of clinical interest when three dimensional tissue reconstructive procedures and the appropriate supporting biomimetic materials are correctly assembled. In the present review, we provide an overview of the most promising biopolymers that may find clinical application in dento-maxillo-facial and plastic surgery
Trabajo rural, género y salud : El caso de la producción hortícola en el Cinturón Verde de La Plata
Los trabajadores hortícolas, nivel colectivo e individual producen complejos de representaciones y prácticas relacionadas con el conjunto de necesidades sentidas como tales, entre ellas nos interesa en particular la indagación de aquellas relacionadas con la prevención de enfermedades y el cuidado de la salud. Se trata de prácticas que son fundamentales para la reproducción de cualquier conjunto social por lo que han de ser entendidas entonces como saberes y prácticas estructurales a todas las sociedades. (Menéndez, E.: 1994; 1998). Esta presentación que se produce a partir de los lineamientos principales de un estudio mayor que se encuentra en su fase inicial, intentará en una primera aproximación a la temática, señalar brevemente la situación planteada como problemática y una serie de consideraciones teóricas y metodológicas que señalan el punto de partida de la investigación mencionada. Partimos de la visión general de los considerandos conceptual-metodológicos de los ejes básicos que estructuran el trabajo analítico y nos planteamos una serie de interrogantes e hipótesis que nos permitirán indagar en las articulaciones entre trabajo y salud desde el eje de las relaciones de género.Jornadas realizadas junto con el I Encuentro Latinoamericano de Metodología de las Ciencias Sociales.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació
Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts protein 1 regulates glial surface localization of GLIALCAM from fish to humans
Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts (MLC) is a leukodystrophy characterized by myelin vacuolization and caused by mutations in MLC1 or GLIALCAM. Patients with recessive mutations in either MLC1 or GLIALCAM show the same clinical phenotype. It has been shown that GLIALCAM is necessary for the correct targeting of MLC1 to the membrane at cell junctions, but its own localization was independent of MLC1 in vitro. However, recent studies in Mlc1−/− mice have shown that GlialCAM is mislocalized in glial cells. In order to investigate whether the relationship between Mlc1 and GlialCAM is species-specific, we first identified MLC-related genes in zebrafish and generated an mlc1−/− zebrafish. We have characterized mlc1−/− zebrafish both functionally and histologically and compared the phenotype with that of the Mlc1−/− mice. In mlc1−/− zebrafish, as in Mlc1−/− mice, Glialcam is mislocalized. Re-examination of a brain biopsy from an MLC patient indicates that GLIALCAM is also mislocalized in Bergmann glia in the cerebellum. In vitro, impaired localization of GlialCAM was observed in astrocyte cultures from Mlc1−/− mouse only in the presence of elevated potassium levels, which mimics neuronal activity. In summary, here we demonstrate an evolutionary conserved role for MLC1 in regulating glial surface levels of GLIALCAM, and this interrelationship explains why patients with mutations in either gene (MLC1 or GLIALCAM) share the same clinical phenotyp
Validation of techniques to mitigate copper surface contamination in CUORE
In this article we describe the background challenges for the CUORE
experiment posed by surface contamination of inert detector materials such as
copper, and present three techniques explored to mitigate these backgrounds.
Using data from a dedicated test apparatus constructed to validate and compare
these techniques we demonstrate that copper surface contamination levels better
than 10E-07 - 10E-08 Bq/cm2 are achieved for 238U and 232Th. If these levels
are reproduced in the final CUORE apparatus the projected 90% C.L. upper limit
on the number of background counts in the region of interest is 0.02-0.03
counts/keV/kg/y depending on the adopted mitigation technique.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures, 6 table
Search for 14.4 keV solar axions from M1 transition of Fe-57 with CUORE crystals
We report the results of a search for axions from the 14.4 keV M1 transition
from Fe-57 in the core of the sun using the axio-electric effect in TeO2
bolometers. The detectors are 5x5x5 cm3 crystals operated at about 10 mK in a
facility used to test bolometers for the CUORE experiment at the Laboratori
Nazionali del Gran Sasso in Italy. An analysis of 43.65 kg d of data was made
using a newly developed low energy trigger which was optimized to reduce the
detectors energy threshold. An upper limit of 0.63 c kg-1 d-1 was established
at 95% C.L.. From this value, a lower bound at 95% C.L. was placed on the
Peccei-Quinn energy scale of fa >= 0.76 10**6 GeV for a value of S=0.55 for the
flavor-singlet axial vector matrix element. Bounds are given for the interval
0.15 < S < 0.55.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figures, submitted to JCA
The Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment: Exploring Fundamental Symmetries of the Universe
The preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early Universe, the
dynamics of the supernova bursts that produced the heavy elements necessary for
life and whether protons eventually decay --- these mysteries at the forefront
of particle physics and astrophysics are key to understanding the early
evolution of our Universe, its current state and its eventual fate. The
Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE) represents an extensively developed
plan for a world-class experiment dedicated to addressing these questions. LBNE
is conceived around three central components: (1) a new, high-intensity
neutrino source generated from a megawatt-class proton accelerator at Fermi
National Accelerator Laboratory, (2) a near neutrino detector just downstream
of the source, and (3) a massive liquid argon time-projection chamber deployed
as a far detector deep underground at the Sanford Underground Research
Facility. This facility, located at the site of the former Homestake Mine in
Lead, South Dakota, is approximately 1,300 km from the neutrino source at
Fermilab -- a distance (baseline) that delivers optimal sensitivity to neutrino
charge-parity symmetry violation and mass ordering effects. This ambitious yet
cost-effective design incorporates scalability and flexibility and can
accommodate a variety of upgrades and contributions. With its exceptional
combination of experimental configuration, technical capabilities, and
potential for transformative discoveries, LBNE promises to be a vital facility
for the field of particle physics worldwide, providing physicists from around
the globe with opportunities to collaborate in a twenty to thirty year program
of exciting science. In this document we provide a comprehensive overview of
LBNE's scientific objectives, its place in the landscape of neutrino physics
worldwide, the technologies it will incorporate and the capabilities it will
possess.Comment: Major update of previous version. This is the reference document for
LBNE science program and current status. Chapters 1, 3, and 9 provide a
comprehensive overview of LBNE's scientific objectives, its place in the
landscape of neutrino physics worldwide, the technologies it will incorporate
and the capabilities it will possess. 288 pages, 116 figure
The commissioning of the CUORE experiment: the mini-tower run
CUORE is a ton-scale experiment approaching the data taking phase in Gran Sasso National Laboratory. Its primary goal is to search for the neutrinoless double-beta decay in 130Te using 988 crystals of tellurim dioxide. The crystals are operated as bolometers at about 10 mK taking advantage of one of the largest dilution cryostat ever built. Concluded in March 2016, the cryostat commissioning consisted in a sequence of cool down runs each one integrating new parts of the apparatus. The last run was performed with the fully configured cryostat and the thermal load at 4 K reached the impressive mass of about 14 tons. During that run the base temperature of 6.3 mK was reached and maintained for more than 70 days. An array of 8 crystals, called mini-tower, was used to check bolometers operation, readout electronics and DAQ. Results will be presented in terms of cooling power, electronic noise, energy resolution and preliminary background measurements
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