Les beuveries et la consommation de cannabis au secondaire et le décrochage scolaire à la fin du secondaire : effets modérateurs protecteurs du climat relationnel

Le décrochage scolaire est un phénomène touchant une proportion importante d’adolescents au Québec. Les facteurs permettant de prédire ce phénomène peuvent être d’ordre individuel, familial, social, scolaire et sociodémographique. Bien que plusieurs études ont permis d’établir un lien significatif entre la consommation de substances psychoactives et le décrochage scolaire, aucune étude ne s’est attardé sur le possible rôle modérateur protecteur de l’environnement socioéducatif sur le lien existant entre ces deux comportements malgré plusieurs indications soutenant un tel effet. Cette étude vise donc à déterminer, à l’aide d’un devis longitudinal prospectif, si le climat relationnel maître-élève joue un rôle modérateur protecteur sur ce lien. L’échantillon utilisé pour cette étude est tiré de la Stratégie d’Intervention Agir Autrement (SIAA) et comprend 728 adolescents. Les données ont été obtenues à l’aide de questionnaires auto-révélés et des données officielles du Ministère de l’éducation, des loisirs et des sports. Des analyses de régressions logistiques ont été effectuées et ont démontré que le climat relationnel maître-élève semble diminuer les risques de décrochage scolaire pour les élèves consommateurs. Effectivement, le climat relationnel semble être un facteur de protection pour les élèves consommateurs réguliers de cannabis identifiés comme un groupe à risque de décrochage scolaire alors qu’il ne l’est pas pour le groupe des non consommateurs et des faibles consommateurs. En revanche, ces analyses n’ont pas permis de détecter un tel effet pour l’intoxication à l’alcool. Les implications de ces résultats sont discutées.School dropout is affecting a large proportion of adolescents in Quebec. Factors which predict school dropout come from individual, familial, social, school, and sociodemographic dimensions. Although many studies have found a significative link between substance use and school dropout, no study have examined the potential protective role of the socioeducational climate on the relationship between these behaviors despite support for such an effect. Thus, this study aims to verify if the student-teacher relationship climate plays a protective (moderator) role on the link between substance use and school dropout by using a longitudinal prospective design. The sample for this study is taken from New approach, new solutions (NANS) and includes 728 participants. Data were obtained thru self-report questionnaires as well as from the Ministère de l’éducation, des loisirs et des sports for official data on school dropout. Logistic regression analyses showed that the student-teacher relationship climate seems to protect against the effect of regular cannabis use on school dropout but not against low or non-use. Conversely, the analyses haven’t shown such a protective effect in the case of alcohol intoxication. Implications for these results are discussed

Cervicovestibular rehabilitation in adult with mild traumatic brain injury: a randomised controlled trial protocol

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is an acknowledged public health problem. Up to 25% of adult with mTBI present persistent symptoms. Headache, dizziness, nausea and neck pain are the most commonly reported symptoms and are frequently associated with cervical spine and vestibular impairments. The most recent international consensus statement (2017 Berlin consensus) recommends the addition of an individualized rehabilitation approach for mTBI with persistent symptoms. The addition of an individualized rehabilitation approach including the evaluation and treatment of cervical and vestibular impairments leading to symptoms such as neck pain, headache and dizziness is, however, recommended based only on limited scientific evidence. The benefit of such intervention should therefore be further investigated

Molecular organization of the human serotonin transporter at the air/water interface

AbstractThe serotonin transporter (SERT) is the target of several important antidepressant and psychostimulant drugs. It has been shown that under defined conditions, the transporter spread at the air/water interface was able to bind its specific ligands. In this paper, the interfacial organization of the protein has been assessed from dynamic surface pressure and ellipsometric measurements. For areas comprising between 10 400 and 7100 Å2/molecule, ellipsometric measurements reveal an important change in the thickness of the SERT film. This change was attributed to the reorientation of the transporter molecules from a horizontal to their natural predictive transmembrane orientation. The thickness of the SERT film at 7100 Å2/molecule was found to be approximately equal to 84 Å and coincided well with the theoretical value estimated from the calculations based on the dimensions of α-helices containing membrane proteins. These data suggest that the three-dimensional arrangement of the SERT may be represented as a box with lengths dz=83–85 Å and dy or dx=41–47 Å

A New Marker on Chicken Hematopoietic Cells is Defined by a Monoclonal Antibody Raised Against a V ß Chain of the Human TCR

In this paper, we show that a mouse monoclonal antibody, 111-427, specific for the V ß 5.3 chain of the human T-cell receptor (TCR) for antigen, also reacts with chicken hematopoietic cells. Our data indicate that the majority of 111-427 positive cells among peripheral blood leucocytes (PBL) are thrombocytes. This antibody also recognizes two in vitro cell lines, III-C5, an IL-2-dependent T-cell-line and HD11, a macrophage cell line. In addition, erythrocytes and a minor subpopulation of thymus and spleen cells are also stained by the monoclonal antibody (mAb). No specific immunoprecipitation could be detected from 125I radiolabeled cell lysates. By Western blotting techniques, the 111- 427 mAb identifies a single band of apparent molecular weight 91 kD, unaffected by reduction, from III-C5 and HD11 cell lysates. This band is absent in negative cell control lysates. On thrombocytes, the apparent molecular weight of the band is shifted to 87 kD. These results indicate that the mAb does not recognize the chicken T-cell receptor for antigen, but a cell surface marker shared primarily between thrombocytes and erythrocytes. This new chicken cell marker is compared to other cell surface markers in avian or mammalian species that present some analogies in their tissue distribution

Acute Effects and the Dreamy State Evoked by Deep Brain Electrical Stimulation of the Amygdala: Associations of the Amygdala in Human Dreaming, Consciousness, Emotions, and Creativity.

Accurate localization of complex human experiences such as emotions, dreaming, creativity, and consciousness to specific cerebral structures or neural networks has remained elusive despite technological advances. We report the use of acute deep brain stimulation (DBS) to evoke behavioral and emotional effects by applying electrical stimulation (ES) at various voltage strengths to the basolateral and central subnuclei of the amygdala in addition to the head of hippocampus (HC) for two subjects with medically refractory post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Our results suggest that the amygdala could be a node in a neural network responsible for the generation of complex vivid mental imagery and integrated sensory experiences similar to John Hughlings Jackson's "dreamy state" and "double consciousness," which have been classically associated with temporal lobe epilepsy during uncinate seizures. That we were able to elicit similar vivid, dynamic, complex, bizarre, and original mental imagery with ES in non-epileptic subjects suggests that Jackson's seizure related "dreamy state" and "double consciousness" may arise from heightened innate brain mechanisms with the amygdala acting as a node in the neural network responsible for physiologic dreaming and creative functions. Furthermore, our subjects experienced different emotions with different stimulation strengths at various electrode contacts. Our results suggest that higher voltage stimulation of the amygdala and HC at 4-5 V leads to predominantly negative responses and 2-4 V stimulation showed inversely coupled positive and negative responses of the amygdala in either hemisphere which may imply hemispheric dominance of emotional valences without relation to handedness. Due to the unique and complex responses dependent on location and strength of stimulation, we advise that all patients receiving DBS of the amygdala undergo acute stimulation mapping in a monitored setting before selecting therapeutic parameters for chronic stimulation

Twin paradox and space topology

If space is compact, then a traveller twin can leave Earth, travel back home without changing direction and find her sedentary twin older than herself. We show that the asymmetry between their spacetime trajectories lies in a topological invariant of their spatial geodesics, namely the homotopy class. This illustrates how the spacetime symmetry invariance group, although valid {\it locally}, is broken down {\it globally} as soon as some points of space are identified. As a consequence, any non--trivial space topology defines preferred inertial frames along which the proper time is longer than along any other one.Comment: 6 pages, latex, 3 figure

Surface Electromagnetic Waves Thermally Excited: Radiative Heat Transfer, Coherence Properties and Casimir Forces Revisited in the Near Field

We review in this article the influence of surface waves on the thermally excited electromagnetic field. We study in particular the field emitted at subwalength distances of material surfaces. After reviewing the main properties of surface waves, we introduce the fluctuation-dissipation theorem that allows to model the fluctuating electromagnetic fields. We then analyse the contribution of these waves in a variety of phenomena. They give a leading contribution to the density of electromagnetic states, they produce both temporal coherence and spatial coherence in the near field of planar thermal sources. They can be used to modify radiative properties of surfaces and to design partially spatially coherent sources. Finally, we discuss the role of surface waves in the radiative heat transfer and the theory of dispersion forces at the subwavelength scale.Comment: Redig\'{e} \`{a} la fin de l'ann\'{e}e 2004. Accept\'{e} dans Surface Science Report

Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Deep Brain Stimulation Think Tank: A Review of Emerging Issues and Technologies

This paper provides an overview of current progress in the technological advances and the use of deep brain stimulation (DBS) to treat neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders, as presented by participants of the Fourth Annual DBS Think Tank, which was convened in March 2016 in conjunction with the Center for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration at the University of Florida, Gainesveille FL, USA. The Think Tank discussions first focused on policy and advocacy in DBS research and clinical practice, formation of registries, and issues involving the use of DBS in the treatment of Tourette Syndrome. Next, advances in the use of neuroimaging and electrochemical markers to enhance DBS specificity were addressed. Updates on ongoing use and developments of DBS for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease, essential tremor, Alzheimer’s disease, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, obesity, addiction were presented, and progress toward innovation(s) in closed-loop applications were discussed. Each section of these proceedings provides updates and highlights of new information as presented at this year’s international Think Tank, with a view toward current and near future advancement of the field

Proceedings of the Third Annual Deep Brain Stimulation Think Tank: A Review of Emerging Issues and Technologies

The proceedings of the 3rd Annual Deep Brain Stimulation Think Tank summarize the most contemporary clinical, electrophysiological, imaging, and computational work on DBS for the treatment of neurological and neuropsychiatric disease. Significant innovations of the past year are emphasized. The Think Tank\u27s contributors represent a unique multidisciplinary ensemble of expert neurologists, neurosurgeons, neuropsychologists, psychiatrists, scientists, engineers, and members of industry. Presentations and discussions covered a broad range of topics, including policy and advocacy considerations for the future of DBS, connectomic approaches to DBS targeting, developments in electrophysiology and related strides toward responsive DBS systems, and recent developments in sensor and device technologies