The Linguistic Politeness Having Seen on the Current Study Issue

The current issue is overviewed in this paper about the linguistics politeness. Positive politeness strategies seek to minimize the threat to the hearer\u27s positive face. These strategies are used to make the hearer feel good about themselves, their interests or possessions, and are most usually used in situations where the audience knows each other fairly well. In sociolinguistics and conversation analysis (CA), politeness strategies are speech acts that express concern for others and minimize threats to self-esteem ("face") in particular social contexts. Being polite means being aware of and respecting the feelings of other people. Politeness can and will improve your relationships with others, help to build respect and rapport, boost your self-esteem and confidence, and improve your communication skills. Importance of Politeness in Life. Politeness is a great virtue. But a polite person will always please others with his polite behavior and good manners. Politeness means consideration for the feelings of others. Politeness is one of the central features of human communication. It is a human phenomenon, yet expressed differently in different cultures. Positive politeness refers to an atmosphere of inclusion and mutuality created by linguistic means such as compliments, encouragement, joking, even the use of "white lies.

Edge effects in electrostatic calibrations for the measurement of the Casimir force

We have performed numerical simulations to evaluate the effect on the capacitance of finite size boundaries realistically present in the parallel plane, sphere-plane, and cylinder-plane geometries. The potential impact of edge effects in assessing the accuracy of the parameters obtained in the electrostatic calibrations of Casimir force experiments is then discussed

Constraints On Spin Independent Forces At The ~100 Nm Range By Means Of A Micromechanical Oscillator

Preliminary data from improvements made in our experimental setup are presented. Forces measured with our setup are presented and possible origins for the systematics observed are discussed. The observed signal is most likely induced by an impulsive oscillation of the motor

Constraining New Forces in the Casimir Regime Using the Isoelectronic Technique

We report the first isoelectronic differential force measurements between a Au-coated probe and two Au-coated films, made out of Au and Ge. These measurements, performed at submicron separations using soft microelectromechanical torsional oscillators, eliminate the need for a detailed understanding of the probe-film Casimir interaction. The observed differential signal is directly converted into limits on the parameters $\alpha$ and $\lambda$ which characterize Yukawa-like deviations from Newtonian gravity. We find \alpha \lsim 10^{12} for $\lambda \sim 200$ nm, an improvement of $\sim$ 10 over previous limits.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figure

Anomalous Proximity Effect in Underdoped YBaCuO Josephson Junctions

Josephson junctions were photogenerated in underdoped thin films of the YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{6+x}$ family using a near-field scanning optical microscope. The observation of the Josephson effect for separations as large as 100 nm between two wires indicates the existence of an anomalously large proximity effect and show that the underdoped insulating material in the gap of the junction is readily perturbed into the superconducting state. The critical current of the junctions was found to be consistent with the conventional Josephson relationship. This result constrains the applicability of SO(5) theory to explain the phase diagram of high critical temperature superconductors.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figure

Net energy up-conversion processes in CdSe/CdS (core/shell) quantum dots, a possible pathway to towards optical cooling

The investigation of the possibility of optical refrigeration (OR) on zinc-blende cadmium selenide/cadmium sulfide (CdSe/CdS) core/shell structure quantum dots (QDs) has been carried out. Quality samples were synthesized in our lab, and significant energy up-conversion photoluminescence (UCPL) was observed in these samples, showing the potential of generating net cooling effects. To better understand and predict the UCPL characteristics of the QDs, a semi-empirical model has been developed, showing good agreement with our experimental results. The model takes into account the corresponding quantum yield and cooling efficiency, predicting the possibility of realizing optical refrigeration on a CdSe QDs system

Precise comparison of theory and new experiment for the Casimir force leads to stronger constraints on thermal quantum effects and long-range interactions

We report an improved dynamic determination of the Casimir pressure between two plane plates obtained using a micromachined torsional oscillator. The main improvements in the current experiment are a significant suppression of the surface roughness of the Au layers deposited on the interacting surfaces, and a decrease in the experimental error in the measurement of the absolute separation. A metrological analysis of all data permitted us to determine both the random and systematic errors, and to find the total experimental error as a function of separation at the 95% confidence level. In contrast to all previous experiments on the Casimir effect, our smallest experimental error ($\sim 0.5$%) is achieved over a wide separation range. The theoretical Casimir pressures in the experimental configuration were calculated by the use of four theoretical approaches suggested in the literature. All corrections to the Casimir force were calculated or estimated. All theoretical errors were analyzed and combined to obtain the total theoretical error at the 95% confidence level. Finally, the confidence interval for the differences between theoretical and experimental pressures was obtained as a function of separation. Our measurements are found to be consistent with two theoretical approaches utilizing the plasma model and the surface impedance over the entire measurement region. Two other approaches to the thermal Casimir force, utilizing the Drude model or a special prescription for the determination of the zero-frequency contribution to the Lifshitz formula, are excluded on the basis of our measurements at the 99% and 95% confidence levels, respectively. Finally, constraints on Yukawa-type hypothetical interactions are strengthened by up to a factor of 20 in a wide interaction range.Comment: 43 pages, 15 figures, elsart.cls is used. Accepted for publication in Annals of Physics. (Several misprints in the text are corrected.

Strong Casimir force reduction through metallic surface nanostructuring

The Casimir force between bodies in vacuum can be understood as arising from their interaction with an infinite number of fluctuating electromagnetic quantum vacuum modes, resulting in a complex dependence on the shape and material of the interacting objects. Becoming dominant at small separations, the force plays a significant role in nanomechanics and object manipulation at the nanoscale, leading to a considerable interest in identifying structures where the Casimir interaction behaves significantly different from the well-known attractive force between parallel plates. Here we experimentally demonstrate that by nanostructuring one of the interacting metal surfaces at scales below the plasma wavelength, an unexpected regime in the Casimir force can be observed. Replacing a flat surface with a deep metallic lamellar grating with sub-100 nm features strongly suppresses the Casimir force and for large inter-surfaces separations reduces it beyond what would be expected by any existing theoretical prediction.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figure