The sea of Galicia sustains a large part of the fishing economy

[Resumo] Galicia está bañada polo mar ao longo de 1200 km. Non é de extrañar entón que a pesca sexa a base da súa economía, chegando a constituir ata o 52% do emprego total pesqueiro en España e ata o 10% no conxunto da UE. O Turismo mariñeiro en Galicia pretende poñer en valor a grande riqueza patrimonial relacionada co mar e coa pesca tradicional. Ambientarte levou a cabo proxectos de formación de guías intérpretes con profesionais do mar para facer visitas guiadas con turistas, así como proxectos ligados a difusión do importante Patrimonio cultural mariñeiro.[Abstract] Galicia is bathed by the sea along 1200 km. It´s not surprising therefore that fishing is the basis of its economy, creating up to 52 % of the employment in the fishing industry in Spain and up to 10 % in the whole of the European Union. Marine tourism in Galicia aims to add value to (put in value) the rich heritage associated with the sea and with the traditional fishing. Ambientarte carried out training projects for guides- interpreters with sea-workers to make guided tours with tourists, and projects linked to the dissemination of the importance of cultural marine heritage as well

Retention of Arsenic and Selenium during Hot Gas Desulfurization Using Metal Oxide Sorbents

The present work explores the possibility of capturing toxic elements other than sulfur in coal gasification flue gases using metal oxide mixtures. Arsenic and selenium compounds were the elements selected for study because they are toxic species which are present in coal gasification flue gases in different amounts, depending on temperature. Among the regenerable sorbents already developed for hot gas cleaning systems in Integrated Gasification Combined Cycles, metal oxide mixtures based on iron, titanium, or zinc oxides (zinc ferrites and zinc titanates) were tested for arsenic and selenium retention. These sorbents have previously been proved to possess good characteristics for H2S(g) retention. The study was carried out in a laboratory scale reactor, using the sorbent in a fixed bed, at 550 °C. Good retention capacities (56 mg g-1) were obtained in these conditions for selenium in a metal oxide mixture containing zinc titanate. A metal oxide mixture containing zinc ferrite proved to be an appropriate sorbent for both elements, retention capacities being 21 mg g-1 for arsenic and 55 mg g-1 for selenium. The results obtained indicate that arsenic and selenium compounds can be retained together with sulfur compounds in these sorbents and be desorbed in the sorbent regeneration processes.This work was carried out with financial support from ECSC 7220-ED/069Peer reviewe

Laboratorio de experiencias como base del desarrollo de pensamiento crítico en el alumnado

Innovación EducativaEn este proyecto de innovación docente se pretende mejorar el aprendizaje y desarrollo del Pensamiento Crítico (PC) del alumnado de todas las etapas educativas a través de la realización, implementación y evaluación Secuencias de Enseñanza - Aprendizaje (SEA) relacionadas con las Ciencias Experimentales. Este PID tiene dos beneficiarios potenciales, por un lado el profesorado participante en el mismo, y por otra parte el alumnado de estos docentes (alumnado de los Grados de Educación y Centros Educativos de Infantil, Primaria y Secundaria). Los objetivos fundamentales de innovación educativa de la propuesta que se presenta son generar una cultura científica en todo el alumnado a lo largo de las diferentes etapas educativas y favorecer las destrezas necesarias para el desarrollo del Pensamiento Crítico en el alumnado, de forma que se implanten estrategias de pensamiento de forma sistemática en todos los niveles educativos. Los recursos TIC se utilizan en el proyecto para la consecución de los objetivos propuestos.Didáctica de las Ciencias Experimentales, Sociales y de la Matemátic

Retention of Elemental Mercury in Fly Ashes in Different Atmospheres

Mercury is an extremely volatile element, which is emitted from coal combustion to the environment mostly in the vapor phase. To avoid the environmental problems that the toxic species of this element may cause, control technologies for the removal of mercury are necessary. Recent research has shown that certain fly ash materials have an affinity for mercury. Moreover, it has been observed that fly ashes may catalyze the oxidation of elemental mercury and facilitate its capture. However, the exact nature of Hg−fly ash interactions is still unknown, and mercury oxidation through fly ash needs to be investigated more thoroughly. In this work, the influence of a gas atmosphere on the retention of elemental mercury on fly ashes of different characteristics was evaluated. The retention capacity was estimated comparatively in inert and two gas atmospheres containing species present in coal gasification and coal combustion. Fly ashes produced in two pulverized coal combustion (PCC) plants, produced from coals of different rank (CTA and CTSR), and a fly ash (CTP) produced in a fluidized bed combustion (FBC) plant were used as raw materials. The mercury retention capacity of these fly ashes was compared to the retention obtained in different activated carbons. Although the capture of mercury is very similar in the gasification atmosphere and N2, it is much more efficient in a coal combustion retention, being greater in fly ashes from PCC than those from FBC plants.This work was carried out with financial support from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología PN I+D+I (Project PPQ2001-2359-C02-02) and from the project ECSC (7220-ED/095)Peer reviewe

Retos para la escuela del nuevo milenio

En este artículo reflexionamos sobre los cambios que la escuela hoy en día debe acometer como consecuencia de las transformaciones que se están produciendo en la sociedad. Pensamos que la escuela, como institución, ha de organizarse, gestionarse y guiarse desde unos nuevos parámetros, que sean capaces de dar respuestas y transmitir unos valores adaptados a las necesidades e ideales de los ciudadanos del nuevo milenio, proyectando una sociedad más justa e igualitaria, haciendo al hombre sujeto pensante y no sólo transmisor de conocimientos.In this article we reflect on the changes that the school nowadays must undertake as a result of the transformations that are being producing in society. We think that the school, as an institution, has to be organized, managed and guided by new parameters, which are capable of giving answers and transmitting values ​​adapted to the needs and ideals of the citizens of the new millennium, projecting a society more just and egalitarian, making man a thinking subject and not only knowledge transmitter

Conflict management and improvement of school life. Case studies

Los problemas de convivencia son el epicentro de las preocupaciones de la comunidad educativa. La institución escolar como lugar de convivencia y socialización donde emergen conflictos, enfrentamientos de intereses, abusos de poder y autoridad (Gómez et al, 2006), demanda de intervenciones educativas para atajar esta problemática. Esta investigación gira en torno a la gestión docente de los conflictos, quienes a través de la mediación e intervención, contribuyen a la mejora de la convivencia. Concretamente se pretende conocer las distintas formas de gestionar los conflictos en el aula de cuatro docentes, dos noveles y dos expertas, de educación primaria. Para ello se diseñaron dos instrumentos, un cuestionario que nos permite recoger la percepción de los docentes, y una parrilla de observación para registrar directa y mediante la observación de datos, su práctica diaria. Los resultados nos permiten comprobar algunas semejanzas y diferencias en ambos perfiles docentes

K-means algorithms for functional data

Cluster analysis of functional data considers that the objects on which you want to perform a taxonomy are functions f : X e Rp ↦R and the available information about each object is a sample in a finite set of points f ¼ fðx ; y ÞA X x Rgn . The aim is to infer the meaningful groups by working explicitly with its infinite-dimensional nature. In this paper the use of K-means algorithms to solve this problem is analysed. A comparative study of three K-means algorithms has been conducted. The K-means algorithm for raw data, a kernel K-means algorithm for raw data and a K-means algorithm using two distances for functional data are tested. These distances, called dVn and dϕ, are based on projections onto Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces (RKHS) and Tikhonov regularization theory. Although it is shown that both distances are equivalent, they lead to two different strategies to reduce the dimensionality of the data. In the case of dVn distance the most suitable strategy is Johnson–Lindenstrauss random projections. The dimensionality reduction for dϕ is based on spectral methods

Los rincones de trabajo como estrategia en la formación de maestros para la enseñanza de ciencias y su didáctica

Este trabajo analiza una práctica innovadora de aprendizaje cooperativo en el Grado de Maestro en Educación Primaria. La experiencia se concreta en una actividad organizada mediante rincones de trabajo similares a los utilizados en otros niveles educativos. En este caso el trabajo está centrado en contenidos geológicos. La encuesta de satisfacción cumplimentada tras finalizar la práctica, la observación y los materiales elaborados por el alumnado constituyen los principales instrumentos para la toma de datos y el posterior análisis de la experiencia. Los resultados llevan a afirmar que en el ámbito universitario el trabajo por rincones puede ser una alternativa eficaz a las sesiones magistrales.This paper is about innovating cooperative-learning work for the Primary Education Degree. This workshop is an activity with learning centers similar to the methodology used in other education levels. In this case, the concepts are about Earth Science. The satisfaction survey filled in by students after the activity, the observation and the materials prepared by them are the main tools to capture data and the analysis of this experience afterwards. The results say that this methodology by learning centers in the University can be an efficient alternative to the master classes

The application of regenerable sorbents for mercury capture in gas phase

Mercury is a well-known toxic element, and flue gas streams emitted from coal-fired utilities are one of the largest anthropogenic sources of this element. This study briefly reviews the proposed technologies for reducing mercury emissions from coal combustion, focusing on an emerging process which involves the use of regenerable sorbents and especially those loaded with noble metals. Among the mercury species formed during coal combustion, elemental mercury is the most difficult to remove from the flue gases due to its low reactivity and insolubility in water. The widespread interest in using regenerable sorbents with metals is due to their ability to retain elemental mercury. With this technology, not only can efficiencies of 100 % be reached in the retention of elemental mercury but also a way to avoid the generation of new wastes loaded with mercury. This study considers the main aspects that must be taken into account when developing effective regenerable sorbents for mercury capture, with special attention to sorbents containing noble metals. The characteristics of this process are compared with those of other processes in a more advanced state of development.The financial support for this work was provided by the projects CTQ2014-58110-R and GRUPIN14-031. The authors thank PCTI Asturias for awarding N. Fernández Miranda a pre-doctoral fellowship.Peer reviewe

Arsenic and Selenium Capture by Fly Ashes at Low Temperature

Arsenic and selenium compounds may be emitted to the environment during coal conversion processes, although some compounds are retained in the fly ashes, in different proportions depending on the characteristics of the ashes and process conditions. The possibility of optimizing the conditions to achieve better trace element retention appears to be an attractive, economical option for reducing toxic emissions. This approach requires a good knowledge of fly ash characteristics and a thorough understanding of the capture mechanism involved in the retention. In this work the ability of two fly ashes, one produced in pulverized coal combustion and the other in fluidized bed combustion, to retain arsenic and selenium compounds from the gas phase in coal combustion and coal gasification atmospheres was investigated. To explore the possible simultaneous retention of mercury, the influence of the unburned coal particle content was also evaluated. Retention capacities between 2 and 22 mg g-1 were obtained under different conditions. The unburned coal particle content in the fly ash samples does not significantly modify retention capacities.The results of this work were obtained as part of the project PPQ2001-2359-C02-02 dealing on mercury capture.Peer reviewe