A Person-Oriented Approach to Diary Data : Children's Temperamental Negative Emotionality Increases Susceptibility to Emotion Transmission in Father-Child Dyads

The notion that some individuals are more prone to emotion transmission than others has prompted the need for a person-oriented approach to emotion transmission in parent-child dyads. The present study applied a person-oriented analysis to examine the patterns of emotion transmission that can be identified in the diary data of father-child dyads, and the extent to which children with high levels of temperamental negative emotionality are particularly susceptible to emotion transmission within the family. Mothers of 149 first grade children (age 6 to 7) completed questionnaires concerning their child’s temperament. Mothers and fathers maintained diary questionnaires (for a total of 7 days) concerning their child’s negative daily emotions, and fathers (n = 116) maintained diary questionnaires concerning their own negative daily emotions. Results of variable-oriented analyses with prospective change multilevel modeling showed, first, that emotions were, on average, not significantly transmitted in a father-child interaction. However, the person-oriented approach using multilevel mixture regression identified four qualitatively different patterns in the transmission of emotions. These results showed that the higher the level of a child’s temperamental negative emotionality, the more typical it was for the father-child dyad in their daily life to show interaction patterns wherein the father’s negative emotions were transmitted to the child.Peer reviewe

Word Reading Skills and Externalizing and Internalizing Problems from Grade 1 to Grade 2 - Developmental Trajectories and Bullying Involvement in Grade 3

School bullying is associated with externalizing and internalizing problems, but little is known about whether reading difficulties also play a part. We asked how, in Grades 1 and 2, word reading skills and externalizing/internalizing problems predict the degree to which students are involved in bullying in Grade 3. Using a sample of 480 Finnish children (M age = 7 years 2 months at the beginning of the study), developmental profiles were identified using mixture modeling based on reading skills, as well as externalizing and internalizing problems. In Grade 3, one fifth of the students were involved in bullying as victims, bullies, or bully/victims. Poor readers with externalizing/internalizing problems were most involved as bullies and bully/victims but not as victims. Average readers with externalizing/internalizing problems were also involved in bullying, whereas students with only reading difficulties were not. Skilled readers displayed little externalizing/internalizing problems and were not involved in bullying.<br /

Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Spirocyclic Bromotyrosine Clavatadine C Analogs

Marine-originated spirocyclic bromotyrosines are considered as promising scaffolds for new anticancer drugs. In a continuation of our research to develop potent and more selective anticancer compounds, we synthesized a library of 32 spirocyclic clavatadine analogs by replacing the agmatine, i.e., 4-(aminobutyl)guanidine, side chain with different substituents. These compounds were tested for cytotoxicity against skin cancer using the human melanoma cell line (A-375) and normal human skin fibroblast cell line (Hs27). The highest cytotoxicity against the A-375 cell line was observed for dichloro compound 18 (CC50 0.4 ± 0.3 µM, selectivity index (SI) 2). The variation of selectivity ranged from SI 0.4 to reach 2.4 for the pyridin-2-yl derivative 29 and hydrazide analog of 2-picoline 37. The structure–activity relationships of the compounds in respect to cytotoxicity and selectivity toward cancer cell lines are discussed

Synthesis of carboxyimidamide-substituted benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazoles and their analogs, and evaluation of biological activity against Leishmania donovani

A facile synthesis route to carboxyimidamide-substituted benzoxadiazoles and related derivatives was developed. A total of 25 derivatives were synthesized. They were evaluated for antileishmanial activity by inhibition of Leishmania donovani axenic amastigote growth using a fluorescent viability microplate assay. The most promising derivative (14) demonstrated an antileishmanial EC50 of 4.0 mu M, and it also showed activity in infected macrophages (EC50 5.92 mu M) without signs of cytotoxicity.Peer reviewe

How do early family systems predict emotion recognition in middle childhood?

Facial emotion recognition (FER) is a fundamental element in human interaction. It begins to develop soon after birth and is important in achieving developmental tasks of middle childhood, such as developing mutual friendships and acquiring social rules of peer groups. Despite its importance, FER research during middle childhood continues to be rather limited. Moreover, research is ambiguous on how the quality of one's early social-emotional environment shapes FER development, and longitudinal studies spanning from infancy to later development are scarce. In this study, we examine how the cohesive, authoritarian, disengaged and enmeshed family system types, assessed during pregnancy and infancy, predict children's FER accuracy and interpretative biases towards happiness, fear, anger and sadness at the age of 10 years (N = 79). The results demonstrated that children from disengaged families (i.e., highly distressed relationships) show superior FER accuracy to those from cohesive families (i.e., harmonious and stable relationships). Regarding interpretative biases, children from cohesive families showed a greater fear bias compared to children from disengaged families. Our findings suggest that even in a relatively low-risk population, variation in the quality of children's early family relationships may shape children's subsequent FER development, perhaps as an evolution-based adaptation to their social-emotional environment.Peer reviewe

Synthesis of novel purpurealidin analogs and evaluation of their effect on the cancer-relevant potassium channel KV10.1

In the search for novel anticancer drugs, the potassium channel K(V)10.1 has emerged as an interesting cancer target. Here, we report a new group of K(V)10.1 inhibitors, namely the purpurealidin analogs. These alkaloids are produced by the Verongida sponges and are known for their wide variety of bioactivities. In this study, we describe the synthesis and characterization of 27 purpurealidin analogs. Structurally, bromine substituents at the central phenyl ring and a methoxy group at the distal phenyl ring seem to enhance the activity on K(V)10.1. The mechanism of action of the most potent analog 5 was investigated. A shift of the activation curve to more negative potentials and an apparent inactivation was observed. Since K(V)10.1 inhibitors can be interesting anticancer drug lead compounds, the effect of 5 was evaluated on cancerous and non-cancerous cell lines. Compound 5 showed to be cytotoxic and appeared to induce apoptosis in all the evaluated cell lines.Peer reviewe

Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activity of Marine Bromotyrosine Purpurealidin I and Its Derivatives

Peer reviewe