(E)-4-Bromo-2-[(4-ethyl­phen­yl)imino­meth­yl]phenol

In the title compound, C15H14BrNO, the dihedral angle between the two benzene rings is 43.99 (2)°. The mol­ecular conformation is influenced by an intra­molecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bond

Multidrug resistance mediated by MRP1 gene overexpression in breast cancer patients

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a serious handicap towards the effective treatment of breast cancer patients. One of the most prevalent MDR mechanisms is through the overexpression of genes coding the proteins called Multidrug Resistance-associated Proteins (MRPs). The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of MRP1 in tumor tissues from breast cancer patients. In this study, a semi-quantitative RT-PCR approach was utilized. Our results suggest that MRP1 overexpression can mediate MDR in patients. Pre-evaluation of the level of such MDR mediators before chemotherapy can increase the efficacy of the treatment

Nanowires of Lead-Free Solder Alloy SnCuAg

Ternary Sn88Ag5Cu7, Sn93Ag4Cu3, Sn58Ag18Cu24, Sn78Ag16Cu6, Sn90Ag4Cu6, Sn87Ag4Cu9 alloy nanowires were produced at various values of deposition potential by dc electrodeposition on highly ordered porous anodic alumina oxide (AAO) templates. During the deposition process some parameters, such as ion content, deposition time, pH, and temperature of the solution, were kept constant. The diameter and length of regular Sn93Ag4Cu3 nanowires electrodeposited at −1 V were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to be approximately 200–250 nm and 7-8 μm, respectively. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results indicate that the melting onset temperature of Sn93Ag4Cu3 nanowires is about 204°C

U-19 akademi gelişim liglerinde oynayan futbolcuların ruminatif düşünce biçimleri ve sporcu duygu düzenleme becerilerinin incelenmesi

Bu araştırmada, U-19 akademi gelişim liglerinde oynayan futbolcuların ruminatif düşünce biçimleri ve sporcu duygu düzenleme becerilerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Genel tarama modeline göre yürütülen çalışmada ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada verileri toplamak amacıyla, “Sporcu Duygu Düzenleme Ölçeği” ve “Ruminatif Düşünce Biçimi Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizi için değişkenler arasındaki farklılıkların belirlenmesinde t-testi ve tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA), ölçekler arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenebilmesi için ise Pearson Korelasyon analiz kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya, Bitexen Giresunspor, MKE Ankaragücü, Gençlerbirliği ve Hacettepe 1945 Spor Kulüplerinde futbol oynayan U-19 yaş grubu 113 futbolcu katılmıştır. Korelasyon analizleri ruminasyon ve sporcu duygu düzenleme alt boyutları incelendiğinde bilişsel yeniden değerlendirme ile ruminasyon arasında negatif yönlü bir ilişki saptanmıştır (r=-0,217). Araştırma değişkenlerinden olan başarı düzeyi değişkeni ile sporcu duygu düzenleme alt boyutu olan bilişsel yeniden değerlendirme ile arasında anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Sonuç olarak, katılımcıların ruminasyon davranışı ile sporcu duygu düzenleme alt boyutu olan bilişsel yeniden değerlendirme arasında negatif yönde bir ilişki olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır

Protective effects of silymarin on methotrexate-induced damages in rat testes

The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of silymarin (SMN), an antioxidant, on methotrexate (MTX)-induced damage in rat testes. Thirty-two Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups (n = 8): control, MTX (20 mg/kg, i.p. on days 1 and 5), SMN (200 mg/kg, orally), and MTX + SMN (20 mg/kg, i.p. on days 1 and 5 and SMN 200 mg/kg orally) groups. At the end of the 6-week trial period, histopathological, immunohistochemical, biochemical, and spermatological analyses were performed on testes tissues. Histopathologically, MTX-induced damage, including depletion of germ cell and loos of spermatozoa, was significantly improved with SMN treatment. Immunohistochemically, the immunoreactivity of glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1) and manganese superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) were detected more intensely in the MTX + SMN group than in the MTX group. Biochemical examinations revealed that SMN supplementation decreased the lipid peroxidation and increased enzymatic antioxidants in the SMN-treated rats. Spermatologically, significant differences were found in the density, motility, dead-to-live sperm ratio, and abnormal sperm rate in the MTX + SMN group compared to the MTX group. In conclusion, SMN seems to have protective effects as an antioxidant against MTX-induced damage in rat testes

Protective effects of silymarin on methotrexate-induced damages in rat testes

The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of silymarin (SMN), an antioxidant, on methotrexate (MTX)-induced damage in rat testes. Thirty-two Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups (n = 8): control, MTX (20 mg/kg, i.p. on days 1 and 5), SMN (200 mg/kg, orally), and MTX + SMN (20 mg/kg, i.p. on days 1 and 5 and SMN 200 mg/kg orally) groups. At the end of the 6-week trial period, histopathological, immunohistochemical, biochemical, and spermatological analyses were performed on testes tissues. Histopathologically, MTX-induced damage, including depletion of germ cell and loos of spermatozoa, was significantly improved with SMN treatment. Immunohistochemically, the immunoreactivity of glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1) and manganese superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) were detected more intensely in the MTX + SMN group than in the MTX group. Biochemical examinations revealed that SMN supplementation decreased the lipid peroxidation and increased enzymatic antioxidants in the SMN-treated rats. Spermatologically, significant differences were found in the density, motility, dead-to-live sperm ratio, and abnormal sperm rate in the MTX + SMN group compared to the MTX group. In conclusion, SMN seems to have protective effects as an antioxidant against MTX-induced damage in rat testes

Exploring strategies to prevent post-lobectomy space: transient diaphragmatic paralysis using Botulinum Toxin Type A (BTX-A)

OBJECTIVE: Various techniques to reduce air space after pulmonary lobectomy especially for lung cancer have been an important concern in thoracic surgical practice. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of Botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) injection into the diaphragm to reduce air space after right lower pulmonary lobectomy in an animal model. METHODS: Twelve male New Zealand rabbits were randomly allocated into two groups. All animals underwent right lower lobectomy. Then, normal saline of 0,1 ml and 10 units of 0,1 ml Botulinum toxin type A were injected into the muscular part of the right hemidiaphragm in control (n = 6) and BTX-A groups (n = 6) respectively. Residual air space and diaphragmatic elevation were evaluated with chest X-ray pre- and postoperatively. Diaphragmatic elevation was measured as a distance in millimetre from the line connecting the 10th ribs to the midpoint of the right hemidiaphragm. RESULTS: The mean diaphragmatic elevation in BTX-A and control groups were 7.0 ± 2.5 and 1.3 ± 1.2 millimetres respectively. Diaphragmatic elevations were significantly higher in BTX-A group (p = 0.0035). CONCLUSION: Intraoperative Botulinum toxin type A injection may reduce postlobectomy spaces effectively via hemidiaphragmatic paralysis in rabbits. Further studies are needed to validate the safe use of Botulinum toxin type A in human beings

Hydrogen peroxide prolongs mitotic arrest in a dose dependent manner and independently of the spindle assembly checkpoint activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Oxidative stress and chromosome missegregation are important factors that are linked to aneuploidy. A major reason for chromosome missegragation is the inappropriate activity of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), a conserved surveillance mechanism that monitors the state of kinetochore-microtubule attachments to ensure equal chromosome segregation in mitosis. SAC-activation induces a prolonged mitotic arrest. Mitosis is considered the most vulnerable cell cycle phase to several external signals, therefore increasing the time cells spent in this phase via mitotic arrest induction by SAC-activating agents is favorable for cancer therapy. Cancer cells also display elevated oxidative stress due to abnormally high production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the effect of increased oxidative stress on the duration of mitotic arrest remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of H2O2-induced oxidative stress on the mitotic arrest induced by a SAC-activating agent (nocodazole) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Our data suggest that oxidative stress prolongs SAC-activation induced mitotic arrest in a dose dependent manner. We, in addition, investigated the effect of H2O2 treatment on the mitotic arrest induced independently of SAC-activation by using a conditional mutant (cdc23) and showed that the effect of H2O2-induced oxidative stress on mitotic arrest is independent of the SAC activity