Genesis of collision-related volcanism on the Erzurum-kars plateau, North eastern turkey

The Eastern Anatolia Region exhibits one of the world's best exposed and most complete transects across a volcanic province related to continent-continent collision. Within this region, the Erzurum-Kars Plateau is of particular importance since it contains the full record of post-collision volcanism from 11 to 1.5 Ma. The volcanics of the Erzurum-Kars Plateau cover a broad compositional range from basalts to rhyolites displaying a calc-alkaline character. They show a distinctive subduction signature represented by selective enrichment of the large ion lithophile and light rare earth elements. Among trace elements, Y behaves in a quite different way forming two distinct trends against silica named as the low- and high-Y series. Lavas of the high-Y series are characterised by a distinct bimodal volcanism (from basalt to rhyolite), in contrast to the low- Y series which comprises an unimodal andesitic volcanism. Trace element systematics together with modelling of theoretical Rayleigh fractionation vectors suggest that the low-Y series underwent a hydrous crystallisation dominated by amphibole as the mafic phase, whereas the high-Y series was dominated by anhydrous (POAM) crystallisation. Al-in- amphibole geobarometer calculations on the plateau volcanics reveal that the low-Y series evolved in magma chambers located between 20 and 28 km. In contrast, magma chambers of the high-Y series were much shallower, around 14-22 km. The high-Y series dominates early and late stages of the volcanic activity, whereas the low-Y series dominates the middle (between 7.5 and 5 Ma) stage, probably coinciding with the most intensive stage of crustal thickening. Sr, Pb, Nd and δ(^18)O isotopic systematics also show significant differences between the high- and low-Y series. Lavas of the high-Y series are always more radiogenic with respect to the lavas of low-Y series. Results of assimilation combined with crystallisation (AFC) modelling suggests that the low-Y series assimilated a lower crustal material which is compositionally similar to the granulitic xenoliths from the Pannonian Basin in Hungary and from Central Europe. In contrast, the high-Y series assimilated two different upper crustal materials. In both the low- and high-Y series, the maximum assimilation rate was around 40% of the fractional crystallisation rate. Trace element and isotopic differences between the low- and high-Y series are not significantly dependent upon variations in the source. These differences appear to have been extensively controlled by the AFC processes

Studies on the incidence of Dekkera bruxellensis in Turkish wines and effect of low temperatures on 4-ethylphenol production

Mestrado Vinifera EuroMaster - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaBrettanomyces/Dekkera bruxellensis has the ability to produce significant amounts of 4-ethylphenol (4-EP) and cause important organoleptic defects in affected wines. In this work we investigated the incidence of B. bruxellensis and of 4-ethylphenol in Turkish red wines randomly collected at winery facilities. Among 40 samples, this species was only recovered from one sample aged in oak barrels. In 4 samples, culturable population was not found but the 4-EP concentration indicated previous Dekkera bruxellensis activity. Thus, following potential Brettanomyces-sourced aroma impacts in wine using 4-Ethylphenol and 4-Ethylguaiacol concentrations as proxies should only be considered reliable at analyte levels >100 μg/l (Rayne and Eggers, 2007). Furthermore, we studied the influence of storage temperature on the production of 4-EP by wild of D. bruxellensis in 3 different Portuguese red wines. Temperatures of 10 ºC and 15ºC were not effective in preventive the increase of 4-EP over 600 μg/l during 90 days. At 3 ºC one sample showed similar 4-EP increase while in two other samples its concentration was kept unchanged. Production of 4-EP at 3ºC and 10ºC was confirmed when the strain TR 26 was incubated in red wine for 49 days. However, the total amount of 4-EP produced was below 150 μg/l while at 15ºC and 20ºC the values reached 1600 μg/l. Therefore, the effect of low temperatures acts by delaying microbial growth which results in lower concentrations of 4-EP but once temperature increases 4-EP production is readily stimulate

Dynamic phase transition properties for the mixed spin-(1/2, 1) Ising model in an oscillating magnetic field

We study the dynamic phase transition properties for the mixed spin-(1/2, 1) Ising model on a square lattice under a time-dependent magnetic field by means the effective-field theory (EFT) based on the Glauber dynamics. We present the dynamic phase diagrams in the reduced magnetic field amplitude and reduced temperature plane and find that the phase diagrams exhibit the dynamic tricitical behavior, the multicritical and zero-temperature critical points as well as reentrant behavior. We also investigate the influence of the frequency (w) and observe that for small values of w the mixed phase disappears, but high values it appears and the system displays reentrant behavior as well as critical end point

The use of short-term analysis of heart rate variability to assess autonomic function in obese children and its relationship with metabolic syndrome

Background: The cardiovascular autonomic nervous system in obese children is one of the main initiators of coronary heart disease and hypertension and may have a close relationship with insulin resistance. Heart rate variability is one non-invasive method to assess the cardiovascular autonomic system. In this method, low frequency parameters reflect sympathovagal activity, high frequency parameters reflect vagal activity and the ratio of these parameters reflects sympathovagal balance. Methods: In this study, a short-term analysis of heart rate variability was conducted in 66 obese children and 40 healthy controls. Results: While high frequency parameter values are lower in the obese group compared to the controls (16.02 &#177; 12.9 nu vs. 21.45 &#177; 13.6 nu, p = 0.046), the low frequency/high frequency ratio is found significantly higher (3.79 &#177; 2.34 vs. 2.25 &#177; 0.93, p < 0.001). A significant difference was not detected for the low frequency values (p = 0.787). Insulin resistance was found in 33 (50%) patients, dyslipidemia was found in 39 (59%) and hypertension was found in 18 (27%). Metabolic syndrome was detected in 39% patients in the obese group. Conclusions: We found that vagal activity was decreased in the obese group and the autonomic nervous system balance was impaired in favor of sympathetic activity in the short-term heart rate analysis. (Cardiol J 2012; 19, 5: 501-506

Successful treatment of refractory gastrointestinal bleeding by systemic (oral) ankaferd blood stopper in a patient with Glanzmann thrombasthenia

Background: Glanzmann Thrombasthenia (GT) is a genetic platelet dysfunction and a life threatening disease. Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS) is a topical hemostatic agent of herbal origin which has been recently made available for clinical use. Its hemostatic effect is independent from blood clotting factors and occurs as a result of the aggregation of focal red blood cells by an encapsulated protein web. Case Report: In this paper, a patient with GT is presented in whom 3 months of gastrointestinal bleeding refractory to all medical therapies was controlled within a short time of using oral ABS. Conclusion: The difference between this patient and other cases presented in the medical literature is the oral use of ABS. Thus, this patient may contribute to the medical community in showing the safety and efficacy of systemic (oral) ABS in patients with disorders of coagulation. However, there is a need for more patient experiences. © Trakya University Faculty of Medicine

Complications associated with the ball, bar and locator attachments for implant-supported overdentures

Background: The purpose of this clinical study was to evaluate the complications associated with the different attachments used in implant-supported overdentures, including prosthetic problems and implant failures. A comparison of ball, bar and Locator (Zest Anchors, Inc, homepage, Escondido, CA, USA) attachments, in completely edentulous patients with two, three or four implants, was conducted. Material and methods: A total of 36 edentulous patients (20 female, 16 male) with a mean age of 66.3 years, were enrolled in the study. The patients were treated with 95 implants, for the prosthetic restoration of the maxilla or the mandible. The mean follow-up time was 41.17 months. Prosthetic complications including, fractured overdentures, replacements of O-ring attachment and retention clips, implant failures, hygiene problems, mucosal enlargements, attachment fractures, retention loss and dislodgement of the attachments were recorded and evaluated. The recall visits at 3, 6, 12 months and, annually thereafter. Results: Fourteen complications in the ball attachment group and 7 complications in the bar group were observed. No complications were observed in the locator group. The difference was found to be as statistically significant (p=0,009). Six of the 95 implants had failed. Totally 39 implant overdentures were applied. Three prostheses were renewed because of fractures. Conclusion: Within the limits of the present study, it was concluded that the locator system showed superior clinical results than the ball and the bar attachments, with regard to the rate of prosthodontic complications and the maintenance of the oral function. © Medicina Oral S. L

Cultural unity of Turkish, georgian, laz and hemshin communities in children games in Artvin region

Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi’nin en doğusunda yer alan Artvin, tarihi ve kendine özgü coğrafi yapısından kaynaklı zengin bir kültüre sahip ilimizdir. Geçmişten bugüne birçok kültüre ev sahipliği yapmış ilimizde Türk, Gürcü, Laz ve Hemşin halkları bir arada yaşamaktadır. Bu kültürel etkileşim ve birliktelik bölgenin geçmişteki izlerini günümüze kadar taşımıştır. Yörede yaşamakta olan halkların kültür birliği çocuk oyunlarına da yansımıştır. Bu makalede, Artvin ve ilçelerinin bazı köylerinde yaşayan halkların belleğindeki çocuk oyunlarının derlemesi yapılmış; oyunların adı, oynanma şekli ile ilgili bilgi verilerek, bu oyunlardaki kültürel birlikteliğin ve birbirlerine aktarımdaki kültürel etkileşimin tespit ve yorumlaması amaçlanmıştır. Derlenen oyunları incelediğimizde bazı oyunların kültürle birlikte aktarılıp etkileşim göstererek devam ettiğini görmek mümkündür. Bu kültürel birliktelik ve etkileşim ya oyunun adında ya oynanma şeklinde ya da oyunun oynandığı malzeme ve isminde kendini gösterir. Oynanan oyunlarda köylerde konuşulan Türkçe, Gürcüce, Lazca ve Hemşince dillerine göre oyunun kültürel etkileşime uğradığı görülmüştür. Makalede oyunların bu kültürel birlik ve etkileşimleri de örneklendirilmiştirArtvin which is located in the east of the Eastern Black Sea region is one of our provinces having its unique rich culture due to its historical and geographical structure. Turkish, Georgian, Laz and Hemshin communities have lived together in our city hosted various cultures until today. This cultural interaction and unity have brought traces of the past of the region till present. The cultural unity of the people living here has been observed in the games of children in the region. The aim of the study is to compile the children games in the minds of the public living in some villages of Artvin and its districts and to examine and evaluate the cultural unity in these games and the cultural interaction in terms of transferring to each other by providing information regarding the names of the games and how to plat them. When these complied games have been examined, it is possible to see that some of these games are still played by interacting with the culture. This cultural unity and interaction can be observed either in the name of the game, in the way of playing or in the material of the game. It was found that the game has been exposed to cultural interaction according to the languages spoken in the villages such as Turkish, Georgian, Lazian and Hemshinian. Such cultural unity and interactions have also been discussed in the study