Crew procedures and workload of retrofit concepts for microwave landing system

Crew procedures and workload for Microwave Landing Systems (MLS) that could be retrofitted into existing transport aircraft were evaluated. Two MLS receiver concepts were developed. One is capable of capturing a runway centerline and the other is capable of capturing a segmented approach path. Crew procedures were identified and crew task analyses were performed using each concept. Crew workload comparisons were made between the MLS concepts and an ILS baseline using a task-timeline workload model. Workload indexes were obtained for each scenario. The results showed that workload was comparable to the ILS baseline for the MLS centerline capture concept, but significantly higher for the segmented path capture concept

The nature of nothingness in King Lear

Includes vita."The approach toward life in the sixteenth century was paradoxical. Writers and thinkers struggled with the questions and problems of life; they tried to determine if life had any value, and if it consisted of something. The prospect of nothingness and the void loomed large on the intellectual horizon. Something versus nothing was the dominant intellectual conflict or tension in the sixteenth century. Beneath this dominant tension were more specific tensions. Man was concerned with the issue of belief versus unbelief. The order of man’s universe was in danger of being replaced with chaos. Permanence was giving way to flux, and the result was often a loss of certainty with an increase of uncertainty. Consequently, man's feeling of security gave way to insecurity, and his feeling of significance was in danger of being eroded and replaced by a profound feeling of insignificance. In many instances, independence gave way to dependence, and the objective approach to the world was constantly being challenged by a subjective approach. Rationality was perpetually under attack by irrationality, and idealism was continually coming into conflict with realism. Frequently man would shift his emphasis from life to questions about death, and his optimism often dissolved into pessimism."--Chapter 1.Includes bibliographical references

Environmental influences on egg and clutch sizes in lentic- and lotic-breeding salamanders

Recent research indicates that social and environmental factors influence egg and clutch sizes in amphibians. However, most of this work is based on the reproductively diverse order Anura (frogs and toads), whereas less research has been conducted on Caudata (salamanders) and Gymnophiona (caecilians). Researchers have suggested that a relationship exists between social and environmental factors and egg and clutch sizes in salamanders, but studies controlling for phylogenetic context are lacking. We could not identify a sufficient number of comparisons for social influences on egg and clutch sizes; therefore, we focused on environmental influences for this study. Data on egg size, clutch size, environmental factors, and phylogenies for salamanders were assembled from the scientific literature. We used independent, pair-wise comparisons to investigate the association of larval salamander habitat and egg size and the association of larval salamander habitat with clutch sizes within a phylogenetic framework. There is a significant association between larval habitat and egg size; specifically, stream-breeding species produce larger eggs. There is no significant association between larval habitat and clutchsize. Our study confirms earlier reports that salamander egg size is associated with larval environments, but is the first to use phylogenetically independent contrasts to account for the lack of phylogenetic independence of the traits measured (egg size and clutch size) associated with many of the diverse lineages. Our study shows that environmental selection pressure can be quite strong on one aspect of salamander reproduction—egg size

Optimization of switching losses and capacitor voltage ripple using model predictive control of a cascaded H-bridge multi-level StatCom

This paper further develops a Model Predictive Control (MPC) scheme which is able to exploit the large number of redundant switching states available in a multi-level H-bridge StatCom (H-StatCom). The new sections of the scheme provide optimised methods to trade off the harmonic performance with converter switching losses and capacitor voltage ripple. Varying the pulse placement within the modulation scheme and modifying the heuristic model of the voltage balancing characteristics allows the MPC scheme to achieve superior performance to that of the industry standard phase shifted carrier modulation technique. The effects of capacitor voltage ripple on the lifetime of the capacitors is also investigated. It is shown that the MPC scheme can reduce capacitor voltage ripple and increase capacitor lifetime. Simulation and experimental results are presented that confirm the correct operation of the control and modulation strategies

Original Climax Films: historicizing the British hardcore pornography film business

This article presents findings from my research into the British hardcore pornography business. Porn studies has given little coverage to the British pornography business, with much of the academic literature focusing on the American adult entertainment industry. Recently, there has been a rising interest in the historical framework of porn cinemas both in popular culture and in academic work. This article contributes to this debate, taking both a cultural and an economic approach to explore the conditions that led to the emergence of British hardcore production as an alternative economy in the 1960s. In this economy, entrepreneurs make use of new technologies to produce artefacts that are exchanged for an economic benefit, while circumventing laws to distribute their artefacts. To historicize this economy, I draw on ethnohistorical research, which includes interviews with people involved in the British hardcore business and archival research. I argue that a combination of glamour filmmaking, a relaxation of political and cultural attitudes towards sexuality, the location of Soho, London, and emerging technologies for producing films collectively contribute to the emergence of an alternative economy of British hardcore production. I focus specifically on the practices of two entrepreneurs within this economy, Ivor Cook and Mike Freeman, considering how their actions inadvertently created the British hardcore film business, and played a significant role in the development of hardcore production outside of the United Kingdom

Monetary Policy and Long-Term Real Rates

Abstract Changes in monetary policy have surprisingly strong effects on forward real rates in the distant future. A 100 basis point increase in the two-year nominal yield on a Federal Open Markets Committee announcement day is associated with a 42 basis point increase in the ten-year forward real rate. This finding is at odds with standard macro models based on sticky nominal prices, which imply that monetary policy cannot move real rates over a horizon longer than that over which all prices in the economy can readjust. Instead, the responsiveness of long-term real rates to monetary shocks appears to reflect changes in term premia. One mechanism that could generate such variation in term premia is based on demand effects due to the existence of what we call yield-oriented investors. We find some evidence supportive of this channel. JEL classification: E43, E52, G12, G1

Diurnal Rhythms Result in Significant Changes in the Cellular Protein Complement in the Cyanobacterium Cyanothece 51142

Cyanothece sp. ATCC 51142 is a diazotrophic cyanobacterium notable for its ability to perform oxygenic photosynthesis and dinitrogen fixation in the same single cell. Previous transcriptional analysis revealed that the existence of these incompatible cellular processes largely depends on tightly synchronized expression programs involving ∼30% of genes in the genome. To expand upon current knowledge, we have utilized sensitive proteomic approaches to examine the impact of diurnal rhythms on the protein complement in Cyanothece 51142. We found that 250 proteins accounting for ∼5% of the predicted ORFs from the Cyanothece 51142 genome and 20% of proteins detected under alternating light/dark conditions exhibited periodic oscillations in their abundances. Our results suggest that altered enzyme activities at different phases during the diurnal cycle can be attributed to changes in the abundance of related proteins and key compounds. The integration of global proteomics and transcriptomic data further revealed that post-transcriptional events are important for temporal regulation of processes such as photosynthesis in Cyanothece 51142. This analysis is the first comprehensive report on global quantitative proteomics in a unicellular diazotrophic cyanobacterium and uncovers novel findings about diurnal rhythms

Multiphysics simulation of the effect of leaflet thickness inhomogeneity and material anisotropy on the stress-strain distribution on the aortic valve

This study developed a realistic 3D FSI computational model of the aortic valve using the fixed-grid method, which was eventually employed to investigate the effect of the leaflet thickness inhomogeneity and leaflet mechanical nonlinearity and anisotropy on the simulation results. The leaflet anisotropy and thickness inhomogeneity were found to significantly affect the valve stress-strain distribution. However, their effect on valve dynamics and fluid flow through the valve were minor. Comparison of the simulation results against in-vivo and in-vitro data indicated good agreement between the computational models and experimental data. The study highlighted the importance of simulating multi-physics phenomena (such as fluid flow and structural deformation), regional leaflet thickness inhomogeneity and anisotropic nonlinear mechanical properties, to accurately predict the stress-strain distribution on the natural aortic valve