High protein diet: benefits and risks

The nature of human nutrition has become increasingly important as an effective element in the prevention and treatment of many pathologies, especially obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. High protein diets are some of the most popular eating patterns and the Dukan diet has taken the lead in popularity among the diets of this type. An increase of protein in the diet is effective in reducing body weight, primarily due to the loss of adipose tissue, without a significant effect on muscle mass. Another advantage of a high-protein diet is earlier and longer satiety compared to other diets, which makes it comfortable for use. Besides obesity, high protein diets are presumably effective for treating such diseases as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases However, despite the important advantages, this nutritional model is not universal and is contraindicated in patients with diseases of liver, kidneys and osteoporosis. Besides, the prolonged use of a high protein diet may increase the risks of urolithiasis and reduced mineral bone density even for healthy individuals. Thus, the increase in the proportion of protein in the diet should take place exclusively under the supervision of a physician

Исследование пенетрационной способности адгезивных систем на временных зубах методом конфокальной микроскопии

In this work, the authors evaluate the effectiveness of various adhesive systems (AS) in the temporary teeth restoration with composite materials. For this study, the authors used temporary teeth extracted for orthodontic reasons or lost due to a physiological change. Enamel samples with dentin were made from these teeth. Rhodamine B fluorochrome was added to each of the adhesive systems used. For the greater practical significance of research results, adhesive systems of several generations (IV, V, and VII) were chosen. In each sample, a cavity was prepared, and adhesive preparation was carried out according to the AS manufacturer instructions, followed by restoration with a composite material. Then, longitudinal slits were made so that the areas of enamel and dentin for which an adhesive protocol and restoration were performed could be observed in their entirety. The effectiveness of various generations was determined by the depth of penetration of AS components into the dentinal tubules. Fluorescent confocal microscopy was used to visualize the penetration ability of AS. Based on the results of the study, the authors concluded that IV and V generations of AS are the most effective.В работе представлены результаты исследования эффективности применения различных адгезивных систем (АС) при реставрации временных зубов композитными материалами. Для проведения исследования авторы использовали временные зубы, удаленные по ортодонтическим показаниям или утраченные вследствие физиологической смены. Из таких зубов были изготовлены образцы эмали с подлежащим дентином. В каждую из использованных АС был добавлен флуорохром (родамин В). Для большей практической значимости результатов были выбраны АС нескольких поколений: IV, V и VII. Далее в каждом образце отпрепарировали полость и провели адгезивную подготовку согласно инструкциям производителей соответствующих систем с последующей реставрацией композитным материалом. Затем для каждого образца изготавливали продольные шлифы с учетом полного попадания в область шлифа участков эмали и дентина, для которых проводили адгезивный протокол и реставрацию. Эффективность различных поколений определялась глубиной проникновения компонентов АС в дентинные трубочки. Для визуализации пенетрационной способности АС был использован метод флуоресцентной конфокальной микроскопии. По результатам исследования авторы делают вывод, что наибольшей эффективностью обладают АС IV и V поколения

Isolation, characterisation, and selection of wine yeast strains in Etyek-Buda wine district, Hungary

Initiated by the Association “Wine Route of Etyek Wine District”, the objectives of this study were to isolate and identify autochthonous yeast strains from local wines and to determine their oenologically important properties. The first aim of this work was to characterize the taxonomic and phenotypic diversity of the representative Saccharomyces yeast strains that dominate the spontaneous fermentations in this wine district. The results obtained by molecular ribotyping (ARDRA) revealed a strong dominance of S. cerevisiae, but S. bayanus var. uvarum was also present sporadically. Some of the natural isolates exhibited high volatile acid production or poor fermentation capacity, which imply a quality risk in spontaneous fermentations. Most of the isolates, however, displayed good oenological features during lab scale fermentations. As the second aim of this work, the most promising, selected strains were further tested for oenological properties in microvinification scale and, finally, in large scale fermentations. The analytical and sensory analysis proved that selected strains, including S. bayanus var. uvarum, can be used as local starter cultures, which may contribute to the typicality of the local wines in comparison with commercial starters

ИТОГИ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ МЕРОПРИЯТИЙ, НАПРАВЛЕННЫХ НА СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЕ ОКАЗАНИЯ МЕДИЦИНСКОЙ ПОМОЩИ БОЛЬНЫМ С СОСУДИСТЫМИ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯМИ НА ТЕРРИТОРИИ ТОМСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ В 2012 г.

Acute disorders of cerebral circulation remain serious medical and social problem associated with high disability and mortality rates. Since 2011 Tomsk oblast is a participating member of the medical campaign aimed at improved medical services to the vascular patients. The preliminary implementation data analysis for 2012 revealed improvement of most of the indices of medical support to patients suffering from acute cerebral circulation; increased number of the in-patient cases (Regional Vascular Center and primary vascular department), decreased lethality rates from strokes, specifically hemorrhagic cases. Strict observance of the Regulations on Medical Assistance for stroke patients and the using of modern methods of therapy allowed to decrease hospital mortality in the Primary Vascular Departments and early mortality in the Regional Vascular Center. The active implementation of neurorehabilitation approaches resulted in the increased number of patients who do not require third parties’ assistance. Analysis of the work of the departments helped to identifying current problems and perspectives of further development of special medical care for stroke patients.Острые нарушения мозгового кровообращения (ОНМК) остаются актуальной медицинской и социальной проблемой с высокими показателями смертности и инвалидизации населения. С 2011 Томская область вошла в число участников мероприятий, направленных на совершенствование оказания медицинской помощи больным с сосудистыми заболеваниями. Анализ предварительных результатов реализации данных мероприятий за 2012 показал улучшение большинства показателей, характеризующих состояние медицинской помощи больным с ОНМК: повысился процент пациентов, госпитализированных в специализированные отделения (региональный сосудистый центр и первичные сосудистые отделения), снизилась летальность от инсультов, особенно от геморрагических типов. Строгое выполнение утвержденных порядков помощи больным с ОНМК и использование современных методик лечения инсульта в сосудистых отделениях позволило снизить госпитальную летальность в первичных сосудистых отделениях и раннюю летальность в региональном сосудистом центре. Активное применение нейрореабилитационных мероприятий привело к повышению доли пациентов, не зависимых от окружающих при выписке. Анализ показателей работы отделений позволил обозначить существующие проблемы и перспективы дальнейшего развития специализированной медицинской помощи данной категории больных.

Доклиническое изучение фармакокинетики нового анксиолитика дипетидной структуры ГБ-115

The paper presents the results of experimental studies of pharmacokinetics GB-115 after oral administration of crystalline and micronized substances and 4 new laboratory samples pharmaceutical compositions which differ in the technology of preparation and composition of excipients. It is shown that different excipients and preparation technology significantly affect the pharmacokinetics and effect of studied dipeptide; its optimization is improve the pharmacokinetics properties of the developed compound, namely increasing completeness of absorption, maximum concentration, rate and extent of absorption in the final result in bioavailability GB-115. On the basis of experimental data obtained two pharmaceutical compositions recommended for further pharmacological study.В работе представлены результаты исследования экспериментальной фармакокинетики дипептидного анксиолитика ГБ-115 после перорального введения кристаллической и микронизированной субстанций и 4-х его новых лабораторных образцов фармацевтических композиций, отличающихся по технологии приготовления и составу вспомогательных веществ. Показано, что различные вспомогательные вещества, входящие в состав фармацевтических композиций, и технология приготовления существенным образом влияют на фармакокинетику изучаемого дипептида и следствием её оптимизации является улучшение фармакокинетических свойств разрабатываемого соединения, а именно увеличения полноты всасывания, максимальной концентрации, скорости и степени всасывания и в конечном итоге биодоступности ГБ-115. На основе полученных экспериментальных данных две лекарственные композиции рекомендованы для дальнейшего фармакологического изучения

Polymorphism of viral dsRNA in Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous strains isolated from different geographic areas

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Strains of the astaxanthin producing yeast <it>Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous </it>have been isolated from different cold regions around the earth, and the presence of double stranded RNA (dsRNA) elements was described in some isolates. This kind of viruses is widely distributed among yeasts and filamentous fungi and, although generally are cryptic in function, their studies have been a key factor in the knowledge of important fungi. In this work, the characterization and genetic relationships among dsRNA elements were determined in strains representatives of almost all regions of the earth where <it>X. dendrorhous </it>have been isolated.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Almost all strains of <it>X. dendrorhous </it>analyzed carry one, two or four dsRNA elements, of molecular sizes in the range from 0.8 to 5.0 kb. Different dsRNA-patterns were observed in strains with different geographic origin, being L1 (5.0 kb) the common dsRNA element. By hybridization assays a high genomic polymorphism was observed among L1 dsRNAs of different <it>X. dendrorhous </it>strains. Contrary, hybridization was observed between L1 and L2 dsRNAs of strains from same or different regions, while the dsRNA elements of minor sizes (M, S1, and S2) present in several strains did not show hybridization with neither L1 or L2 dsRNAs. Along the growth curve of UCD 67-385 (harboring four dsRNAs) an increase of L2 relative to L1 dsRNA was observed, whiles the S1/L1 ratio remains constant, as well as the M/L1 ratio of Patagonian strain. Strains cured of S2 dsRNA were obtained by treatment with anisomycin, and comparison of its dsRNA contents with uncured strain, revealed an increase of L1 dsRNA while the L2 and S1 dsRNA remain unaltered.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The dsRNA elements of <it>X. dendrorhous </it>are highly variable in size and sequence, and the dsRNA pattern is specific to the geographic region of isolation. Each L1 and L2 dsRNA are viral elements able to self replicate and to coexist into a cell, and L1 and S2 dsRNAs elements could be part of a helper/satellite virus system in <it>X. dendrorhous</it>.</p

Development of 100^{100}Mo-containing scintillating bolometers for a high-sensitivity neutrinoless double-beta decay search

We report recent achievements in the development of scintillating bolometers to search for neutrinoless double-beta decay of $^{100}$Mo. The presented results have been obtained in the framework of the LUMINEU, LUCIFER and EDELWEISS collaborations, and are now part of the R\&D activities towards CUPID (CUORE Update with Particle IDentification), a proposed next-generation double-beta decay experiment based on the CUORE experience. We have developed a technology for the production of large mass ($\sim$1 kg), high optical quality, radiopure zinc and lithium molybdate crystal scintillators (ZnMoO$_4$ and Li$_2$MoO$_4$, respectively) from deeply purified natural and $^{100}$Mo-enriched molybdenum. The procedure is applied for a routine production of enriched crystals. Furthermore, the technology of a single detector module consisting of a large-volume ($\sim 100$~cm$^3$) Zn$^{100}$MoO$_4$ and Li$_2$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ scintillating bolometer has been established, demonstrating performance and radiopurity that are close to satisfy the demands of CUPID. In particular, the FWHM energy resolution of the detectors at 2615 keV --- near the $Q$-value of the double-beta transition of $^{100}$Mo (3034~keV) --- is $\approx$ 4--10~keV. The achieved rejection of $\alpha$-induced dominant background above 2.6~MeV is at the level of more than 99.9\%. The bulk activity of $^{232}$Th ($^{228}$Th) and $^{226}$Ra in the crystals is below 10 $\mu$Bq/kg. Both crystallization and detector technologies favor Li$_2$MoO$_4$, which was selected as a main element for the realization of a CUPID demonstrator (CUPID-0/Mo) with $\sim$7 kg of $^{100}$Mo