Everyday Life of a Provincial Estate: A diary of a servant of the Ural Landowners Golubtsov

Marina Larionova, a specialist in the history of Russia, a candidate of historical sciences, presents her Everyday Life of a Provincial Estate (Yekaterinburg, 2013). The book was written with reference to a rare historical source, a diary of a servant of the Ural Landowners Golubtsov that is kept in the State Archive of Sverdlovsk Region (GASO, f. 67, op. 1, d. 69). The diary is anonymous, and the authorship was established as a result of an inquiry into its origin; Matvey Andreev, a descendant of a family of serfs was finally given credit as the author, and, according to the diary, he was a petty bourgeois of Kungur, an uyezd town, by the time the diary was started. For 3 years and 5 months (1872-1875), he wrote an account of daily life in the estate and in the manor house located in Aleksandrovskoye Settlement of Vladimir Platonovich Golubtsov, a Perm landowner. The diary describes the everyday life of a Ural petty manorial estate located in Krasnoufimsk Uyezd, Perm Governorate, the day-to-day routine of the owner and the dwellers of the manor, the relationships between them and the ones characteristic of the life of an uyezd community, the emotional experience of the people mentioned in the diary, and other details shedding light on the previously unknown events in the history of the Urals. In her talk with Lyudmila Dashkevich and Yevgeny Neklyudov, professors of history, research fellows of the Institute for History and Archaeology (Russian Academy of Sciences, Ural Branch), and with Irina Shalina, professor of philology, the author discusses the academic significance and informational potential of the source in question. The comparison drawn of the document with some previously known similar sources gives evidence proving its uniqueness conditioned by its comprehensive character, the author's viewpoint and the quality of the publication. Thus, it does not only comply with the text and has few editorial corrections, it also contains a variety of academic historical, cultural and biographic commentaries. The diary both describes the problems a 19 th -century manor could face on a daily basis and dwells on some general issues connected with the relationships between social classes, the historical psychology of servants, the perseverance of serf consciousness after the abolition of serfdom, the patriarchal character of life, and the modernization of the region's economy. © 2015 Ural Federal University. All rights reserved

Everyday Life of a Provincial Estate: A Diary of a Servant of the Ural Landowners Golubtsov

The article was submitted on 03.03.2015.Специалист по истории России, кандидат исторических наук Марина Ларионова представляет книгу «Повседневная жизнь провинциального имения…» (Екатеринбург, 2013). В основе издания лежит публикация редкого для России исторического источника - дневника слуги уральских помещиков Голубцовых, который хранится в Государственном архиве Свердловской области (ГАСО, ф. 67, оп. 1, д. 69). Дневник анонимный, его автор был установлен в результате проведенных научных изысканий. Им оказался Матвей Андреев, происходивший из семьи крепостных, к моменту начала сохранившихся дневниковых записей - мещанин уездного города Кунгура. На протяжении 3 лет и 5 месяцев (1872-1875) он ежедневно вносил в дневник записи о том, что происходило в имении и усадьбе, расположенной при селе Александровском пермского помещика Владимира Платоновича Голубцова (1832-1887). Перед читателями дневниковых записей раскрывается повседневная жизнь уральского среднепоместного дворянского имения, располагавшегося в Красноуфимском уезде Пермской губернии, показываются каждодневные заботы владельца и жителей имения, особенности их взаимоотношений и взаимоотношений, характерных для представителей уездного общества, личные переживания героев, попавших на страницы дневника, а также многие другие подробности, позволяющие исследовать ранее неизвестные детали истории Уральского региона. В беседе с Людмилой Дашкевич и Евгением Неклюдовым, докторами исторических наук, научными сотрудниками Института истории и археологии Уральского отделения Российской академии наук, и Ириной Шалиной, доктором филологических наук, обсуждается научная значимость и информационный потенциал данного исторического источника. Сопоставление этого документа с подобными источниками, введенными ранее в научный оборот, показывает его уникальность, обусловленную степенью подробности, позицией автора и качеством издания. Участниками обсуждения особенно отмечено высокое научное качество издания: помимо корректной передачи текста с минимумом редакционного вмешательства, издание отличается разнообразными научными комментариями историко-культурологического и биографического свойства. Содержание дневника выявляет не только проблемы, связанные с бытовой жизнью имения последней трети XIX в., но и более общие вопросы, относящиеся к взаимоотношениям различных сословий, исторической психологии дворовых людей, сохранению крепостнического сознания после отмены крепостного права, патриархальности и экономической модернизации в экономике региона.Marina Larionova, a specialist in the history of Russia, a candidate of historical sciences, presents her Everyday Life of a Provincial Estate (Yekaterinburg, 2013). The book was written with reference to a rare historical source, a diary of a servant of the Ural Landowners Golubtsov that is kept in the State Archive of Sverdlovsk Region (GASO, f. 67, op. 1, d. 69). The diary is anonymous, and the authorship was established as a result of an inquiry into its origin; Matvey Andreev, a descendant of a family of serfs was finally given credit as the author, and, according to the diary, he was a petty bourgeois of Kungur, an uyezd town, by the time the diary was started. For 3 years and 5 months (1872-1875), he wrote an account of daily life in the estate and in the manor house located in Aleksandrovskoye Settlement of Vladimir Platonovich Golubtsov, a Perm landowner. The diary describes the everyday life of a Ural petty manorial estate located in Krasnoufimsk Uyezd, Perm Governorate, the day-to-day routine of the owner and the dwellers of the manor, the relationships between them and the ones characteristic of the life of an uyezd community, the emotional experience of the people mentioned in the diary, and other details shedding light on the previously unknown events in the history of the Urals. In her talk with Lyudmila Dashkevich and Yevgeny Neklyudov, professors of history, research fellows of the Institute for History and Archaeology (Russian Academy of Sciences, Ural Branch), and with Irina Shalina, professor of philology, the author discusses the academic significance and informational potential of the source in question. The comparison drawn of the document with some previously known similar sources gives evidence proving its uniqueness conditioned by its comprehensive character, the author’s viewpoint and the quality of the publication. Thus, it does not only comply with the text and has few editorial corrections, it also contains a variety of academic historical, cultural and biographic commentaries. The diary both describes the problems a 19th-century manor could face on a daily basis and dwells on some general issues connected with the relationships between social classes, the historical psychology of servants, the perseverance of serf consciousness after the abolition of serfdom, the patriarchal character of life, and the modernization of the region’s economy

О ТРУДОВОЙ СРЕДЕ МОСТОВИКА

Interrelation of labor safety and of environment has always been a leading factor for profession of bridge builders who conduct construction and repair works at the railway installations. Cartogram of working conditions and analytic data permit the authors to classify this professional group as subject to injuries and risks.Взаимосвязь безопасности труда и окружающей среды для профессий, к которым относятся мостовики, ведущие строительно-ремонтные работы на инженерных сооружениях железных дорог, всегда была фактором номер один. Картограммы условий труда и аналитические данные дают авторам основание считать исследуемую профессиональную группу травмозависимой и находящейся в зоне риска

Patterns in the development of collective immunity to SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 pandemic

The ongoing coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic over the past three years has caused close attention to the problem of herd immunity, which is understood as: "resistance to the spread of a contagious disease within a population or herd". Collective immunity is formed both as a result of infection (natural spread of the pathogen in a population of susceptible individuals) and as a result of the use of specific vaccines. During the COVID-19 pandemic, both mechanisms for the formation of collective immunity were realized. In the first wave, there was a natural formation of collective immunity to the virus following recoveries from COVID-19 caused by pandemic spread of SARS-CoV-2. Starting from December 2020, the widespread use of specific vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 began in the USA, Great Britain, China, Russia, and a number of other countries. This launched the process of post-vaccination collective immunity formation; its features have depended on the vaccine types implemented. Currently, in those countries where vaccination and revaccination of recovered patients is widely carried out, immunity is "hybrid" in nature. Several commonalities should be noted in the pandemic experience: a somewhat regular, periodic (wavelike) nature of the COVID-19 epidemic process; changes in pathogen genetics in variants in all countries; and expansive mass vaccination programs in many populations. From these, we can draw some conclusions about the general trend for all countries in the formation of collective immunity during the pandemic: At the beginning of the pandemic in 2020, overall population seroprevalence did not exceed 20%. Other findings were: the highest seroprevalence rates were noted in the children's age group; pronounced regional differences were revealed; and the highest indicators were noted among medical workers. Collective immunity developed as a result of infection or illness, and in the majority of seropositive volunteers, it was represented by antibodies to both antigens. At the height of the pandemic in the summer of 2021, population seroprevalence reached 50%. This was due to both a significant number of convalescents and the start of mass vaccination campaigns. In all countries, specific differences in seroprevalence (by age, region, profession) leveled out, leading to more uniformity. During this period, the formation of "hybrid" immunity is clearly prominent, and the proportion of individuals with antibodies to RBD alone increased (due to vaccination with vector vaccines).  Later, mass vaccination, as well as involvement of most of the population in the epidemic process due to the emergence of the highly contagious Omicron strain, raised the level of collective immunity to 80-90%. This led to a sharp decrease in COVID-19 incidence in the second half of 2022 in all countries participating in the study. In the later stages of the pandemic (2022-2023), almost 90% of seropositive volunteers had hybrid immunity, reflected as antibodies to both antigens (Nc, RBD)

Spectroscopic and photoluminescence characterization of Eu 3+-doped monoclinic KY(WO4)2 crystal

Monoclinic 2 at% Eu-doped KY(WO4)2 is grown by top-seeded solution growth method. Polarizationresolved absorption and stimulated-emission cross-section spectra are determined for this crystal. Spectroscopic properties of Eu:KY(WO4)2 are modeled within conventional Judd–Ofelt theory, as well as theory of f–f transition intensities for systems with anomalously strong configuration interaction, yielding absorption oscillator strengths, luminescence branching ratios and radiative lifetime of 5D0 state. The impact of excited-state absorption from this state on possibility of laser operation is discussed. Photoluminescent properties of Eu:KY(WO4)2 are determined. This crystal provides intense red emission with CIE coordinates x¼0.670, y¼0.329

Spectroscopy of tetragonal Eu:NaGd(WO4)2 crystal

We report on growth and detailed spectroscopic study of Eu3ю-doped tetragonal sodium gadolinium double tungstate, Eu:NaGd(WO4)2, a new promising crystal for deep-red lasers. Large-volume crystal doped with 4.9 at.% Eu is grown by Czochralski method along the [001] crystallographic direction. Absorption of Eu3ю ions is studied at room temperature (RT) and at 6 K. For the absorption band related to the 7F1 / 5D1 transition suitable for pumping of Eu:NaGd(WO4)2, the maximum cross-section is sabs ј 1.2 _ 10_21 cm2 at 535.5 nm with the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 3.1 nm (at RT, for E jj a polarization). For the 5D0 / 7F4 transition, the maximum stimulated-emission cross-section is sSE ј 1.6 _ 10_21 cm2 at 698.3 nm (RT, E jj c polarization). Lifetime of the 5D0 state is 490 ± 10 ms (at RT). Under UV excitation, Eu:NaGd(WO4)2 provides intense red emission with CIE coordinates (x ј 0.671, y ј 0.329)

Cardiac lymphatics in health and disease

The lymphatic vasculature, which accompanies the blood vasculature in most organs, is indispensable in the maintenance of tissue fluid homeostasis, immune cell trafficking, and nutritional lipid uptake and transport, as well as in reverse cholesterol transport. In this Review, we discuss the physiological role of the lymphatic system in the heart in the maintenance of cardiac health and describe alterations in lymphatic structure and function that occur in cardiovascular pathology, including atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. We also briefly discuss the role that immune cells might have in the regulation of lymphatic growth (lymphangiogenesis) and function. Finally, we provide examples of how the cardiac lymphatics can be targeted therapeutically to restore lymphatic drainage in the heart to limit myocardial oedema and chronic inflammation.Peer reviewe

Композиционные материалы системы эпоксидная смола–W для радиационной защиты от гамма-излучения

Сomposite materials based on the epoxy resin–W system with varying W content (0–80 %) were obtained using the method of chemical curing. Microstructural investigations of the samples showed that with increasing W content there is a more uniform distribution of grains in the epoxy resin matrix could be observed. Agglomeration of W grains is noted for samples with filler content up to 40 %. Statistical analysis of the grain size of the initial W powder revealed that the probable diameter of W grains is 475 nm. The values of effective and relative densities of the experimental samples were obtained using the Archimedes method. The effective density varied from 1.16 to 4.36 g/cm3 with W powder content rising. The relative density values received ranged from 91 to 94 %, indica ting that there were no significant defects in the samples. X-ray diffraction analysis showed the presence of vcc-W and WO2 phases, indicating the oxidation of W in the thin surface layer of the powder. Calculation in Phy-X/PSD software allowed to evaluate the gamma radiation shielding efficiency for the epoxy resin–W system composite materials in 0.8–2.5 MeV energy range. It was observed that samples with filler content of 60 and 80 % were the most suitable for radiation shielding. It was found that the addition of W powder to the epoxy matrix contributed to the reduction of half attenuation layer values by 3.5 times from 9.448 to 2.672 cm for samples with 0 and 80 % W content, respectively, for 1.25 MeV radiation energy. The obtained results demonstrate the high efficiency of the proposed composite materials for shielding gamma radiation, which makes them a perspective candidate for manufacturing radiation shields.С использованием метода химического отверждения получены композиционные материалы на основе системы эпоксидная смола–W с варьированием содержания W от 0 до 80 %. Проведенное исследование микроструктуры образцов показало, что при увеличении содержания W наблюдается более равномерное распределение зерен в матрице эпоксидной смолы. Для образцов с содержанием наполнителя до 40 % отмечена агломерация зерен W. Статистический анализ размеров зерен исходного порошка W выявил, что вероятный их диаметр составляет 475 нм. Получены значения эффективной и относительной плотностей экспериментальных образцов с помощью метода Архимеда. Эффективная плотность изменялась в пределах от 1,16 до 4,36 г/см3 с увеличением содержания порошка W. Значения относительной плотности варьировались от 91 до 94 %, что свидетельствовало об отсутствии существенных дефектов при проведении испытания. Рентгеноструктурный анализ показал наличие фаз ОЦК-W и WO2, что указывает на окисление W в тонком поверхностном слое материала. Моделирование в программном обеспечении Phy-X/PSD позволило оценить эффективность экранирования от гамма-излучения композиционных материалов при энергии излучения в диапазоне 0,8–2,5 МэВ. Образцы с содержанием наполнителя 60 и 80 % оказались наиболее подходящими для создания экранов радиационной защиты. Обнаружено, что добавление порошка W в эпоксидную матрицу способствовало уменьшению значений слоя половинного ослабления в 3,5 раза с 9,448 до 2,672 см для образцов с содержанием W 0 и 80 % соответственно при энергии излучения гамма-квантов 1,25 МэВ. Полученные результаты демонстрируют высокую эффективность предложенных композиционных материалов в экранировании гамма-излучения, что делает их достойным вариантом для создания экранов радиационной защиты

Modeling the influence of the Chelyabinsk meteorite's bow shock wave on the Earth's surface

The influence of the Chelyabinsk meteorite’s bow shock wave on the Earth’s surface is modeled. For solving the problem, a 3D statement is considered for its gas-dynamic and seismic parts. The determining equations of a gas-dynamic model and a seismic model are Euler equations with respect to the radiation heat exchange and the equations of linear elasticity theory, respectively. Two parts of the problem are matched by the direct mechanism of the disturbance transmission. A model seismic signal is compared with the real data. Modeling a seismic effect makes it possible to specify the estimate of the typical parameters of the phenomenon (height of the explosion, and the density and characteristic sizes of the meteorite)

INCREASE OF THE IRON-CHIP BRIQUETTES QUALITY FOR CUPOLA HEAT

The cycle of chips processing by method of «hot» briquetting with addition of grinded graphite is given