3,307 research outputs found
Acute pulmonary pathology and sudden death in rats following the intravenous administration of the plasticizer, DI (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, solubilized with Tween surfactants
Intravenous administration of 200-300 mg/kg of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) solubilized in aqueous solutions of several Tween surfactants caused respiratory distress in rats. There was a dose-dependent lethality with death generally occurring within 90 minutes after injection. The lungs from DEHP:Tween treated animals were enlarged, generally darkened, and in some cases showed hemorrhagic congestion. Neither the overt symptoms nor the morphologic alterations resulting from DEHP:Tween administration could be reproduced by intravenous administration of aqueous Tween solutions alone. The absence of pulmonary abnormalities following the intravenous administration of DEHP as an aqueous emulsion given either alone or even as soon as 2 minutes after pretreatment with Tween 80, suggests that the specific in vivo interaction between DEHP and Tween surfactants depends on the prior formation of water-soluble micelles of DEHP
Modularised process-based modelling of phosphorus loss at farm and catchment scale
In recent years, a co-ordinated programme of data collection has resulted in the collation of sub-hourly time-series of hydrological, sediment and phosphorus loss data, together with soil analysis, cropping and management information for two small (< 200 ha) headwater agricultural catchments in the UK Midlands (Rosemaund, Herefordshire and Cliftonthorpe, Leicestershire). These data sets have allowed the dynamics of phosphorus loss to be characterised and the importance of both storm runoff and drainflow to be identified, together with incidental losses following manure and fertiliser additions in contributing to total annual loss. A modularised process-based model has been developed to represent current understanding of the dynamics of phosphorus loss. Modules describing runoff and sediment generation and associated phosphorus adsorption/desorption dynamics are described and tested. In the model, the effect of a growing crop on sediment detachment processes is represented and the stability of topsoil is considered so that, overall, the model is responsive to farm management factors. Importantly, using data sets available from national-scale survey programmes to estimate model parameters, a transferable approach is presented, requiring only sub-hourly rainfall data and field-specific landcover information for application of the model to new sites. Results from application of the model to the hydrological year 1998â99 are presented. Assessment of performance, which suggests that the timing of simulated responses is acceptable, has focused attention on quantifying landscape and in-stream retention and remobilisation processes.</b></p> <p style='line-height: 20px;'><b>Keywords: </b>phosphorus, erosion, process-based modelling, agricultur
Gesture analysis for physics education researchers
Systematic observations of student gestures can not only fill in gaps in
students' verbal expressions, but can also offer valuable information about
student ideas, including their source, their novelty to the speaker, and their
construction in real time. This paper provides a review of the research in
gesture analysis that is most relevant to physics education researchers and
illustrates gesture analysis for the purpose of better understanding student
thinking about physics.Comment: 14 page
Recent Legal Literature
, vols 90, 91, and 92; Veeder (ed.): Legal Masterpieces--speciments of Argumentation and Exposition by Eminent Lawyers; Eastman: The Bankruptcy Law Annotated, Being the National Bankruptcy Act of 1898, as amended; Wambaugh (ed.): Littleton\u27s Tenures in Englis
In-depth analysis of the Naming Game dynamics: the homogeneous mixing case
Language emergence and evolution has recently gained growing attention
through multi-agent models and mathematical frameworks to study their behavior.
Here we investigate further the Naming Game, a model able to account for the
emergence of a shared vocabulary of form-meaning associations through
social/cultural learning. Due to the simplicity of both the structure of the
agents and their interaction rules, the dynamics of this model can be analyzed
in great detail using numerical simulations and analytical arguments. This
paper first reviews some existing results and then presents a new overall
understanding.Comment: 30 pages, 19 figures (few in reduced definition). In press in IJMP
The value of diversity in cognitive science
A recent article (NĂșñez et al., 2019) claims that cognitive science, while starting off as a multidisciplinary enterprise, has âfailed to transition to a mature interâdisciplinary coherent field.â Two indicators reported in support of this claim target one of the two journals of the Cognitive Science Society, Cognitive Science , depicting cognitive science as an increasingly monodisciplinary subfield which is dominated by psychology. With a focus on the society's other journal, Topics in Cognitive Science , the present commentary reveals a greater degree of interdisciplinarity and discusses the relative values of diversity and integration for the field.publishedVersio
Recommended from our members
Direct Numerical Simulations of Turbulent Flow Over Various Riblet Shapes in Minimal-Span Channels
Riblets reduce skin-friction drag until their viscous-scaled size becomes large enough for turbulence to approach the wall, leading to the breakdown of drag-reduction. In order to investigate inertial-flow mechanisms that are responsible for the breakdown, we employ the minimal-span channel concept for cost-efficient direct numerical simulation (DNS) of rough-wall flows (MacDonald et al. in J Fluid Mech 816: 5â42, 2017). This allows us to investigate six different riblet shapes and various viscous-scaled sizes for a total of 21 configurations. We verify that the small numerical domains capture all relevant physics by varying the box size and by comparing to reference data from full-span channel flow. Specifically, we find that, close to the wall in the spectral region occupied by drag-increasing KelvinâHelmholtz rollers (GarcĂa-Mayoral and JimĂ©nez in J Fluid Mech 678: 317â347, 2011), the energy-difference relative to smooth-wall flow is not affected by the narrow domain, even though these structures have large spanwise extents. This allows us to evaluate the influence of the KelvinâHelmholtz instability by comparing fluctuations of wall-normal and streamwise velocity, pressure and a passive scalar over riblets of different shapes and viscous-scaled sizes to those over a smooth wall. We observe that triangular riblets with a tip angle α= 30 â and blades appear to support the instability, whereas triangular riblets with α= 60 ââ90 â and trapezoidal riblets with α= 30 â show little to no evidence of KelvinâHelmholtz rollers.Australian Research Council, Discovery Project DP17010259
Using patterns position distribution for software failure detection
Pattern-based software failure detection is an important topic of research in recent years. In this method, a set of patterns from program execution traces are extracted, and represented as features, while their occurrence frequencies are treated as the corresponding feature values. But this conventional method has its limitation due to ignore the patternâs position information, which is important for the classification of program traces. Patterns occurs in the different positions of the trace are likely to represent different meanings. In this paper, we present a novel approach for using patternâs position distribution as features to detect software failure. The comparative experiments in both artificial and real datasets show the effectiveness of this method
How Many Topics? Stability Analysis for Topic Models
Topic modeling refers to the task of discovering the underlying thematic
structure in a text corpus, where the output is commonly presented as a report
of the top terms appearing in each topic. Despite the diversity of topic
modeling algorithms that have been proposed, a common challenge in successfully
applying these techniques is the selection of an appropriate number of topics
for a given corpus. Choosing too few topics will produce results that are
overly broad, while choosing too many will result in the "over-clustering" of a
corpus into many small, highly-similar topics. In this paper, we propose a
term-centric stability analysis strategy to address this issue, the idea being
that a model with an appropriate number of topics will be more robust to
perturbations in the data. Using a topic modeling approach based on matrix
factorization, evaluations performed on a range of corpora show that this
strategy can successfully guide the model selection process.Comment: Improve readability of plots. Add minor clarification
- âŠ