The Influence of The Number of Readings On The Rate of Forgetting.

The object of the investigation was to find the relation of retention to the number of readings of factual prose articles and to the study of other factors which may influence retention. Students of the freshman and sophomore college classes were used as subjects. The experimental material consisted of reading material of highly factual articles and objective tests. Memory was measured at the end of two weeks after one, two, three, four and five readings. The other factors investigated in relation to memory ability were the effect of rereading upon retention, sex differences, and the correlation of retention of factual prose with achievement and intelligence. The emphasis of this investigation is upon a practical aspect of memory rather than on theoretically fundamental questions. We cannot remember and forget the information secured by reading and study in the same way we remember and forget nonsense syllables learned by rote to the degree of one correct repetition. The emphasis of the study is, therefore, on the number of thought units which are logically related to a subject\u27s general knowledge rather than on rote memory for disconnected material. The method used is an indirect approach to the problem to be solved, in which group technique and statistical analysis take the place of fine control of conditions

Understanding the experiences of people recovering from drug use at the ARCA Rehabilitation Centre in Durban.

Master of Arts in Clinical Psychology.Background: Recently there has been a significant increase in treatment demand in South Africa for heroin (an opioid), a dangerous and extremely addictive drug that remains popular among different segments of the population, including Kwa-Zulu Natal. ARCA Durban is said to be one of the few rehabilitation centres that provide the drug naltrexone, which is an effective evidence-based treatment for heroin addiction. Aim: This study aimed to understand the experiences of people recovering from drug use at ARCA Durban so as to add to literature on drug addiction and effective treatments for opioid/heroin addiction, especially in the South African context. The information generated by this study can be potentially useful for informing programmes in government run hospitals and rehabilitation centres. Method: This study followed a qualitative research design and used a multiple case study approach. Qualitative data was obtained using semi-structured interviews using a small sample of participants (n=10). The research participants were chosen using convenience sampling and were suitable for this study as they were recovering from opioid/heroin addiction, were certified by ARCA as being clean of any substances and had completed or were at the end of ARCA’s rehabilitation programme (i.e. six months +). This study was understood using the Transtheoretical Model of Stages of Change as a framework, which informed the interview questions asked in this qualitative evaluation of the ARCA programme. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Results: It could be suggested that ARCA Durban successfully assisted/guided all the participants in this study through the following stages of change: contemplation, preparation, action and maintenance. The participant’s positive experience of ARCA and the anti-craving medication naltrexone were supported by previous and current literature. The underlying factor to their successful recovery was their personal choice to change, or as literature describes as their readiness to change. Conclusion: ARCA Durban’s approach in the treatment of opioid/heroin addiction is effective and relevant in the South African context, as all participants were of all races from the most popular areas where heroin is distributed, and these participants were able to reach the stage of Maintenance without any relapses at the end of the study

Aerothermal Performance of Shroudless Turbine Blade Tips with Relative Casing Movement Effects

Qualitatively different heat transfer characteristics between a transonic blade tip and a subsonic one have recently been discovered. High-resolution experimental data can be acquired for blade-tip heat transfer research using a high-speed linear cascade. A combined experimental and computational fluid dynamics study on several high-pressure turbine blade-tip configurations is conducted to understand the flow physics in both stationary and moving casing setups. Extensive tests measuring aerodynamic loss and heat transfer have been performed on a stationary squealer tip at engine-representative aerodynamic conditions. A systematic validation of the computational fluid dynamics solver (Rolls–Royce, plc. HYDRA code) is introduced, showing good agreement with the experimental data obtained. Relative casing movement effects are then evaluated for two tip configurations at three different tip gaps. The moving casing is shown to affect the aerothermal performance considerably; the trends are consistently captured for the large and medium tip gaps, both in the stationary and moving casing instances. Presented results confirm that, even with a moving casing, the blade tips remain transonic. It is also shown that the heat transfer is not only dependent on the tip gap size but also the tip-geometry configuration. The squealer cavity is subsonic regardless of the tip gap size, whereas the local flow state over a flat tip is much more responsive to tip gap size

Effects of math anxiety on student success in higher education

This study examines whether math anxiety and negative attitudes toward mathematics have an effect on university students" academic achievement in a methodological course forming part of their degree. A total of 193 students were presented with a math anxiety test and some questions about their enjoyment, self-confidence and motivation regarding mathematics, and their responses were assessed in relation to the grades they had obtained during continuous assessment on a course entitled"Research Design". Results showed that low performance on the course was related to math anxiety and negative attitudes toward mathematics. We suggest that these factors may affect students" performance and should therefore be taken into account in attempts to improve students" learning processes in methodological courses of this kind