Fatty Acid Digestibility of Fat Sources Fed to Dairy Cows and Effects on Concentration of Fat in Milk

College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences 2007 Undergraduate Research Forum - 2nd Place in Nutrition CategoryMilk fat yield affects the price received for milk by dairy farmers, and given the rising feed costs, maximizing diet digestibility is critical for the economical viability of dairy farms. Although feeding animal-vegetable fat or coconut oil to dairy cows can increase energy intake, they sometimes cause milk fat depression (MFD). Feeding monensin has been found to increase feed efficiency and milk yield; however, it sometimes causes a decrease in milk fat percentage. The objective of this research was to determine which sources of fat fed in conjunction with monensin may optimize yields of milk and milk fat. Six rumen-cannulated Holstein cows were fed 3 different diets varying in fat sources with and without the addition of monensin. The basal diet consisted of 50% concentrate, 33.5% corn silage, and 16.5% alfalfa hay. The control diet (C) contained 2.4% fat. This diet was supplemented with animal-vegetable fat (AV) and coconut oil (CO) separately to increase energy density and concentration of total fatty acids to approximately 6.1%. These 3 diets (C, AV, and CO) were further supplemented with 260 mg/cow/day of monensin for the remaining 3 diets (CM, AVM, and COM, respectively). Compared to C, apparent digestibility of total fatty acids increased with the addition of fat in the diet. Total fatty acid digestibility was greater with CO than AV due to more digestible medium chain fatty acids in CO. Digestibility of C16 fatty acids were greater with the addition of fat. Monensin and CO increased digestibility of C18 fatty acids. The CO diet resulted in about 5 kg/d less intake compared to C and AV. Addition of CO resulted in the greatest decrease in milk yield. Milk fat yield and percentage were decreased with fat addition, especially with the feeding of CO. Although CO is not a good alternative to AV to prevent MFD in dairy cows, its use can help identify the ruminal changes in biohydrogenation promoting MFD.Dr. Maurice L. EastridgeDr. Jeff L. FirkinsNo embarg

Assessment and Impacts of Newborn Beef Calf Vigour

Modified APGAR scores, intended to identify compromised calves with reduced vigour, yield inconsistent results and are not widely adopted. Data were collected from 77 newborn beef calves to determine calving characteristics and clinical examination parameters associated with abnormal blood parameters and a calf’s ability to consume colostrum by 4 h after birth. Calves born to primiparous dams, with increased calving difficulty, a weak suckle reflex, or incomplete tongue withdrawal, had decreased blood pH and increased L-lactate at 10 min after birth (P<0.05). Calves with a weak suckle reflex were 41.6 times more likely to fail to consume colostrum by 4 h compared to calves with a strong suckle reflex (P<0.0001). Calves that failed to consume colostrum by 4 h were 2.8 times more likely to be treated prior to weaning (P=0.03). In conclusion, good newborn beef calf vigour is a vital survival characteristic that helps ensure timely colostrum consumption, contributing to long-term health