Concentración semanal de aeropolen en la ciudad de Palencia, 1990-92

Concentración semanal de aeropolen en la ciudad de Palencia, 1990-92. En este trabajo se presentan los datos del contenido polínico de la atmósfera de la ciudad de Palencia, registrado a lo largo de tres años consecutivos de muestreo (1990-92), empleándose un captador volumétrico de filtracción activa, tipo CAP2. Durante este período se identificaron 88 tipos polínicos diferentes, de los cuales, 27 tuvieron porcentajes de representación superior al 0,15% respecto al polen total que anualmente se recogió, estos tipos conforman el denominado espectro polínico principal de esta estación de muestreo. El polen procedente de especies herbáceas (Poaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Plantago, Urtica, etc.) con un 53,79% fue el predominante, el polen arbóreo (Quercus, Populus, Cupressaceae, etc.) supone un 42,11%, y el polen procedente de especies arbustivas (Ericaceae, Sambucus, etc.) sólo representó el 4,10%. El período de máxima emisión polínica se concentra en los meses de mayo y junio, debido a las aportaciones de polen procedente de Poaceae y Quercus, que en conjunto suman el 47,25% del polen recogido durante el trienio muestreado. El polen de origen herbáceo aparece durante todo el año, y sus máximas concentraciones se registran en primavera, coincidiendo con los máximos niveles de polen de origen arbóreo en la atmosfera

Palynological analysis of honeys from Palencia Province (Spain)

A pollen analysis of 49 honey samples from Palencia province has been carried out. According to the pollen spectra found, most of them are multifloral (27); 22 samples were monofloral. The monofloral honeys were Erica type followed by Centaurea, Reseda, Onobrychis, Rubus, Cytisus and Hederá. 126 different pollen types were recorded, belonging to 41 families. 53 of them reached percentages over 3% in some samples. The other 73 types did not reach percentages over 3% in any of the 49 samples. The families present in the highest number of samples were: Fabciceae, Asteraceae, Cistaceae and Rosaceae the families that had the highest percentages were: Fabaceae, Asteraceae, Ericaceae and Rosaceae. The pollen types that appeared in the most samples were: Papaver rhoeas (39 samples) and Rubus ulmifolius (38); the pollen types that reached the highest abundance percentages were: Erica arbórea, Onobiychis viciifolia and Reseda luteola. The pollen types of Ericaceae and Lavandula latifolia can be used as indicators in order to know the zone of origin zone of honeys produced in Palencia, and it allows us to detect any possible commercial frauds concerning the origin of honeys

Genetic characterization of Spanish lentil landraces (Lens culinaris Medik.) by biochemical markers

Producción CientíficaDiversity analysis and a genetic structure study of 25 lentil landraces (Lens culinaris Medik.) from the northern east part of the Iberian Peninsula were carried out. 8 isozymes: PGI, PRX, LAP, 6PGD, GOT, SKDH, PGM and ME, have been used for this purpose having found 17 loci for them, with 52.94% polymorphic loci and a total amount of 21 alleles. All populations show between 18 and 26 alleles. Genetic distance (D) was 0.123. Diversity parameters show similar or higher levels compared to other autogamous plant populations. They show an heterozygote defect. Coefficient of homozygotes among populations (GST) value 0.414, was similar to Inbreeding coefficient among populations (FST) that was 0.454. Main component analysis showed that the most important isozymes in the characterization process were GOT-3 and PGM-2. Four groups of populations were obtained by cluster analysis. This information reveals new data for improving their use in the germplasm banks for crop programs

Evaluación de parámetros agronómicos en cultivo hidropónico de tomate

Producción CientíficaIn this study we present the results of a comparative analysis of nutrient solution (NS) recycling and non-recycling treatments in hydroponic tomato crop. The established aims are to evaluate water consumption, pH and conductivity variation along the productive cycle in both treatments, to establish the differences in fruit yield and to assess the viability of the recycling system. Watering times and drained nutrient solution volume were counted on a daily basis. Emitter and drained water samples from both treatments were analyzed once per week in the Agricultural Institute of Fraisoro (Gipuzkoa). Tomato samples were collected, weighed and measured three times per week once the harvest had started. There was an 8% reduction in water supply; irrigation excess was between 11-38% and water supply efficiency was 6.7% higher in the recycling treatment in comparison to the non-recycling treatment. Drainage pH values fluctuated from 3.9-7.6 and conductivity varied from 1.9-3.6 mS/cm. Average yield per plant was 7.17 kg/plant. No significant differences were found regarding fruit yield, except for the commercialized smaller size tomatoes (diameter 57-67 mm) whose production was 226% higher in the non-recycling area. Fruit yield was not increased by the recycling technique in hydroponic crop. Recycling treatment viability has to be measured in terms of water and fertilizers saving and minimization of polluting waste in drainage solutions.En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de un análisis comparativo de los tratamientos con recirculación y sin recirculación de soluciones nutritivas en un cultivo hidropónico de tomate. Los objetivos planteados son evaluar el consumo de agua, variación del pH y conductividad a lo largo del ciclo productivo en ambos tratamientos, establecer las diferencias en cuanto a producción de tomates y valorar la viabilidad del sistema con recirculación. Se contabilizaron diariamente el número de riegos y el volumen de solución nutritiva drenada. Se recogieron 1 vez por semana, muestras de agua, tanto de goteo como de drenaje, de ambos tratamientos, que se analizaban en el laboratorio agrario de Fraisoro (Zizurkil, Gipuzkoa). Iniciada la recolección, 3 veces por semana, se recogían muestras de tomates que se pesaban y calibraban. A raíz de los resultados obtenidos se concluyó que en el tratamiento con recirculación frente al de no recirculación, existe una reducción de los aportes de agua del 8%; el exceso de riego se situó entre el 11- 38% y la eficiencia en el uso del agua fue de un 6,7% superior en el tratamiento con recirculación. El pH del drenaje osciló de 3,9-7,6 y la conductividad varió de 1,9-3,6 mS/cm. La producción media por planta fue de 7,17 kg por planta. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en cuanto a la producción de tomates, excepto para los tomates de menor calibre comercializados (diámetro de 57-67 mm), siendo un 226% más elevada en la zona no recirculada. La técnica de recircular las soluciones nutritivas en cultivo hidropónico de tomate no incrementó la producción de las plantas, pero su viabilidad debe ser medida en términos de ahorro de agua de riego, fertilizantes, y minimizar la generación de residuos contaminantes en soluciones de drenaje

Influence du feu sur le stock de semences dans le sol d’une forêt de Quercus faginea du Nord-Ouest de l’Espagne

Formerly Annales des Sciences Forestières[EN] A study was carried out on the effect of a fire on the seed bank of a Quercus faginea forest situated close to the town of Palencia (NW Spain). Soil samples were taken at two depths: upper layer at 0-2 cm and deeper at 2-5 cm, in a burned area and in one nearby which did not suffer from the fire. The specific richness values, obtained 2 years after the fire, in samplings carried out in the field as well as the soil seed bank were higher in the burned area than the control. The number of germinated seeds was also higher in the burnt area than the control and more abundant in the surface stratum than the deeper one in both areas. In the control area the richness was 33 species, while in the burned area the richness was greater by five species. On the other hand, the cover value was 58 % in the burned area and 61 % in the control area[FR] On a étudié l’effet d’un incendie sur le stock de semences d’une forêt de Quercus faginea située à Palencia (NW de l’Espagne). Pour atteindre cet objectif, on a pris deux séries d’échantillons du sol respectivement à deux niveaux de profondeur : 0-2 cm et 2,5 cm dans une zone brûlée et dans une zone avoisinante non incendiée. Deux ans après l’incendie, la présence des espèces, aussi bien dans les échantillons prélevés sur le terrain que dans le stock de semences du sol, était plus importante dans la zone brûlée que dans la zone témoin. Le nombre de semences ayant germé était plus élevé dans la zone brûlée que dans la zone témoin et aussi plus important dans la strate superficielle que dans la strate profonde des deux zones. Dans la zone témoin, on a identifié 33 espèces, contre 38 espèces dans la zone brûlée. Par ailleurs le couvert était de 58 % dans la zone brûlée et de 61 % dans la zone témoinSIUniversity of Valladolid supported the production of this wor

Nematicidal effect of Beauveria species and the mycotoxin beauvericin against pinewood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

The International Union of Forest Research Organisations (IUFRO) Conference: Foliar, Shoot, Stem and Rust Diseases of Trees Jointly organized by IUFRO working parties “Foliage, shoot, and stem diseases" (7.02.02) and "Rusts of Forest Trees" (7.02.05) is taking place in June of 2022 in Durham, New Hampshire, USA. This international conference, which meets every two to four years, provides a great opportunity for discussion among colleagues working with rust, foliage and stem diseases of forest trees in different regions of the world. Plant pathogens do not recognize boundaries, therefore maintaining a global perspective when it comes to forest health protection is essential. Topics of interest that will be covered at the conference include: - invasive forest pathogens; - disease management and control; - plant defence; - climate change; - rust, foliage, shoot, and stem diseases. The goal of this Research Topic is to feature recent advances in research concerning forest diseases, climate change and their management, welcoming abstracts presented at the IUFRO Foliar, Shoot, Stem and Rust Diseases of Trees 2022

Nematicidal effect of Beauveria species and the mycotoxin beauvericin against pinewood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

Introduction and main objective: Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, commonly known as pine wood nematode (PWN), is considered one of the greatest threats to European and Asian pines. Regarding its management, most efforts have been directed toward control measures for the major vector (Monochamus spp.) and screening for genetic resistance in its hosts. However, an integrated pest management strategy which also implements pinewood nematode control is currently lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nematicidal effect of two Beauveria species, a genus well known for its entomopathogenic activity. Summary methodology: For this purpose, in vitro antagonism tests of fungi (Beauveria bassiana and B. pseudobassiana) and the mycotoxin beauvericin (C45H57N3O9) on B. xylophilus populations were conducted. Finally, the production of beauvericin in B. bassiana and B. pseudobassiana strains was quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Results and discussion: Both the B. bassiana and B. pseudobassiana fungal species and the mycotoxin beauvericin showed a clear nematicidal effect on B. xylophilus populations, substantially reducing their survival rate and even attaining 100% mortality in one case. HPLC-MS analysis confirmed and quantified the production of beauvericin by B. bassiana and demonstrated for the first-time beauvericin production in B. pseudobassiana. Final conclusion: These findings highlight the potential of Beauveria species and the mycotoxin beauvericin to be implemented in an integrated pest management strategy to control both nematode and vector

Antioxidant activity of twenty wild Spanish Thymus mastichina L. populations and its relation with their chemical composition

The antioxidant activity and chemical composition of essential oils and methanolic extracts of twenty Spanish Thymus mastichina L. populations were studied. Both essential oils and methanolic extracts possessed antioxidant properties. However, the total phenol contents of the methanolic extracts varied between 2.90 and 9.15mg GAE/g extract and the EC 25 values of DPPH free radical scavenging activity between 0.90 and 3.45mg/mL for the methanolic extracts and 78-241mg/mL for essential oils, these showing low antioxidant potential. Actually, in essential oils the main compound determined was the 1,8-cineole (56.8-69.6%), whereas thymol, γ-terpinene, terpinolene and geraniol (species with considerable DPPH scavenging activity) were observed in low amounts. Concerning methanolic extracts, rosmarinic acid was the most abundant polyphenol (1.70-9.85mg/g), followed by methoxysalicylic acid, apigenin, kaempferol and luteolin.The authors are grateful to the POCTEPePrograma Cooperação Transfronteiriça España-Portugal 2007 e 2013 for financial support through the project “Mejora de la competitividad del sector agrario de Castilla y León y Norte de Portugal a través de la innovación y el desarrollo de productos diferenciados de alto valor”.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Contenido polínico en la atmósfera de la ciudad de Palencia

Herrero, B. Contenido polínico enla atmósfera de la ciudad de Palencia. Lazaroa 18:95-103 (1997). En este trabajo, se presentan los datos de los 27 tipos polínicos más representados en la atmósfera de la ciudad de Palencia, a lo largo de 3 años consecutivos de muestreo (1990-92). Estos tipos políniicos tuvieron porcentajes de representación superiores al 0.15% del total de polen recogido anualmente, y conforman el denominado espectro polínico principal dela ciudad de Palencia. Para la toma de muestras, se empleó un captador volumétrico de filtración activa, tipo CAP2. El período de máxima emisión polínica se concentra en los meses de mayo y junio, debido a las aportaciones de polen procedente de Poaceae (29%) y Quercus (19%), asímismo, el polen procedente de otras especies herbácesas, también es emitido a la atmóstera en el mismo período del año. Mediante la aplicación de un análisis de correspondencia, a la tabla de contingencia formada por los tipos polínico y los parámetros meteorológicos, frente a los valores cualitatiovs tomados semanalmente, se obtuvo una nube depuntos, enla cual el eje de abscisas se puede interpetar como variaciones de los valores de la temperatura, y el eje de ordenadas marca la dispersión en la emisión de polen de los diferentes táxones, de manera que, cuanto más alejado esté un tipo polínico del origen del diagrama, más breve será su período de polinización