Respuesta de la respiración del suelo a la temperatura y humedad del suelo en sistemas forestales mediterráneos

La respiración del suelo es uno de los mayores flujos en el ciclo global de carbono y supone unas 80-98 Pg C año-1, por lo que cambios en las condiciones de los suelos pueden tener grandes efectos en las emisiones globales de carbono a la atmósfera. Esto hace que sea importante conocer y entender los mecanismos que influyen en la respiración de los suelos. La temperatura del suelo se ha reconocido como uno de los factores principales que influyen en la respiración del suelo aunque la humedad del suelo no es menos importante, sobre todo en climas como el mediterráneo donde es uno de los factores ecológicos más importantes. El objetivo del trabajo es determinar la relación que tienen la temperatura y la humedad del suelo con la respiración del mismo, y valorar si la gestión forestal influye en dicha relación

<scp>ReSurveyEurope</scp>: A database of resurveyed vegetation plots in Europe

AbstractAimsWe introduce ReSurveyEurope — a new data source of resurveyed vegetation plots in Europe, compiled by a collaborative network of vegetation scientists. We describe the scope of this initiative, provide an overview of currently available data, governance, data contribution rules, and accessibility. In addition, we outline further steps, including potential research questions.ResultsReSurveyEurope includes resurveyed vegetation plots from all habitats. Version 1.0 of ReSurveyEurope contains 283,135 observations (i.e., individual surveys of each plot) from 79,190 plots sampled in 449 independent resurvey projects. Of these, 62,139 (78%) are permanent plots, that is, marked in situ, or located with GPS, which allow for high spatial accuracy in resurvey. The remaining 17,051 (22%) plots are from studies in which plots from the initial survey could not be exactly relocated. Four data sets, which together account for 28,470 (36%) plots, provide only presence/absence information on plant species, while the remaining 50,720 (64%) plots contain abundance information (e.g., percentage cover or cover–abundance classes such as variants of the Braun‐Blanquet scale). The oldest plots were sampled in 1911 in the Swiss Alps, while most plots were sampled between 1950 and 2020.ConclusionsReSurveyEurope is a new resource to address a wide range of research questions on fine‐scale changes in European vegetation. The initiative is devoted to an inclusive and transparent governance and data usage approach, based on slightly adapted rules of the well‐established European Vegetation Archive (EVA). ReSurveyEurope data are ready for use, and proposals for analyses of the data set can be submitted at any time to the coordinators. Still, further data contributions are highly welcome.</jats:sec

Reconciling species-level vs plastic responses of evergreen leaf structure to light gradients : shade leaves punch above their weight

When grown in a common light environment, the leaves of shade-tolerant evergreen trees have a larger leaf mass per unit area (LMA) than their light-demanding counterparts, associated with differences in lifespan. Yet plastic responses of LMA run counter to this pattern: shade leaves have smaller LMA than sun leaves, despite often living longer. We measured LMA and cell wall content, and conducted punch and shear tests, on sun and shade leaves of 13 rainforest evergreens of differing shade tolerance, in order to understand adaptation vs plastic responses of leaf structure and biomechanics to shade. Species shade tolerance and leaf mechanical properties correlated better with cell wall mass per unit area than with LMA. Growth light environment had less effect on leaf mechanics than on LMA: shade leaves had, on average, 40% lower LMA than sun leaves, but differences in work-to-shear, and especially force-to-punch, were smaller. This was associated with a slightly larger cell wall fraction in shade leaves. The persistence of shade leaves might reflect unattractiveness to herbivores because they yield smaller benefits (cell contents per area) per unit fracture force than sun leaves. In forest trees, cell wall fraction and force-to-punch are more robust correlates of species light requirements than LMA.10 page(s

Efectos de la vegetación en el stock de carbono del suelo en el límite del árbol en la Sierra de Guadarrama

La vegetación es uno de los factores que condicionan los stocks de C en los suelos ya que determina la cantidad y calidad de la materia orgánica que incorpora al suelo, la estructura y condiciones microclimáticas edáficas, la respiración radicular, micorrizas y bacterias asociadas. En las últimas décadas se ha observado un ascenso del límite del árbol, así como la matorralización de la vegetación en los ecosistemas de montaña consecuencia del cambio climático y de los cambios en el uso del suelo. Sin embargo, las consecuencias de los cambios de la vegetación sobre los stocks de C del suelo no se conocen todavía de manera satisfactoria y los observados hasta ahora no son unívocos. El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar los parámetros relacionados con la vegetación que mejor predicen los stocks de C y N en el suelo

BIOrienta2: orientación a futuros farmacéuticos. La Investigación en biomedicina como carrera profesional

El Grado de Farmacia ofrece una formación idónea para personas que enfoquen su carrera profesional como investigadores en el área de Biomedicina. Ninguna otra formación de Pregrado aúna conocimientos tan amplios en Microbiología, Parasitología, Química, Biología Molecular y Biotecnología así como en aspectos relacionados con el mecanismo de acción de fármacos y con alteracions fisio/patológicas a nivel molecular. Por ello, nos hemos planteado realizar un Plan de Acción Tutorial enfocado a formar alumnos desde sus etapas iniciales en la investigación en Biomedicina: elección de su trayectoria curricular, requisitos para realizar una carrera científica y oportunidades de formación en esta áre

Facilitative plant interactions and climate simultaneously drive alpine plant diversity

Interactions among species determine local-scale diversity, but local interactions are thought to have minor effects at larger scales. However, quantitative comparisons of the importance of biotic interactions relative to other drivers are rarely made at larger scales. Using a data set spanning 78 sites and five continents, we assessed the relative importance of biotic interactions and climate in determining plant diversity in alpine ecosystems dominated by nurse-plant cushion species. Climate variables related with water balance showed the highest correlation with richness at the global scale. Strikingly, although the effect of cushion species on diversity was lower than that of climate, its contribution was still substantial. In particular, cushion species enhanced species richness more in systems with inherently impoverished local diversity. Nurse species appear to act as a safety net' sustaining diversity under harsh conditions, demonstrating that climate and species interactions should be integrated when predicting future biodiversity effects of climate change

Facilitative plant interactions and climate simultaneously drive alpine plant diversity

International audienceInteractions among species determine local-scale diversity, but local interactions are thought to have minor effects at larger scales. However, quantitative comparisons of the importance of biotic interactions relative to other drivers are rarely made at larger scales. Using a data set spanning 78 sites and five continents, we assessed the relative importance of biotic interactions and climate in determining plant diversity in alpine ecosystems dominated by nurse-plant cushion species. Climate variables related with water balance showed the highest correlation with richness at the global scale. Strikingly, although the effect of cushion species on diversity was lower than that of climate, its contribution was still substantial. In particular, cushion species enhanced species richness more in systems with inherently impoverished local diversity. Nurse species appear to act as a ‘safety net’ sustaining diversity under harsh conditions, demonstrating that climate and species interactions should be integrated when predicting future biodiversity effects of climate change