Diseño técnico del equipo de respuesta ante incidencias de seguridad informática (CSIRT) en la empresa “Cybersecurity de Colombia LTDA”

Siendo de vital importancia comprender que los sistemas informáticos se ven constantemente amenazados por las diferentes formas de espionaje, vandalismo, fraude, accidentes o sabotaje presentes en la actualidad por medio de diferentes riesgos entre los cuales se destacan los virus, los ataques a la infraestructura, daños voluntarios, daños involuntarios, accidentes, fallas técnicas o catástrofes naturales. La empresa Cybersecurity de Colombia LTDA, que es una empresa Colombiana que presta servicios de seguridad para la protección de la Información, se plantea el diseño y creación de un Equipo de Respuesta ante Emergencias Informáticas (CSIRT) para dar respuesta a incidentes o de gestión de vulnerabilidades a sus clientes. Lo anterior, con motivo de que se pueda brindar mejor soporte y tratamiento a los incidentes de seguridad que en la época actual no cesan y que además logren crear mecanismos para la prevención y corrección de vulnerabilidades. Por lo tanto en el presente trabajo se realizan diferentes acciones encaminadas en la consecución y puesta en funcionamiento inicial del CSIRT de Cybersecurity de Colombia LTDA entre las cuales se encuentran la revisión de herramientas tecnológicas disponibles para el desarrollo de las funciones, la selección de las herramientas de acuerdo a los tipo de licenciamiento, uso y disponibilidad, la propuesta de estructura organizacional tomando como referente diferentes casos de éxito en procesos similares y finalmente la construcción de un laboratorio basado en la formulación de un escenario problema que atendiera a necesidades cercanas a las presentadas en la realidad usando un entorno controlado y verificable.Being of vital importance to understand that computer systems are constantly threatened by the different forms of espionage, vandalism, fraud, accidents or sabotage present today through different risks, among which viruses, attacks on the infrastructure, voluntary damages, involuntary damages, accidents, technical failures or natural catastrophes. The company Cybersecurity de Colombia LTDA, which is a Colombian company that provides security services for the protection of Information, considers the design and creation of a Computer Emergency Response Team (CSIRT) to respond to incidents or management of vulnerabilities to your customers. The foregoing, because it is possible to provide better support and treatment to security incidents that do not cease at the current time and that also manage to create mechanisms for the prevention and correction of vulnerabilities. Therefore, in the present work, different actions are carried out aimed at the achievement and initial implementation of the CSIRT of Cybersecurity de Colombia LTDA, among which are the review of technological tools available for the development of the functions, the selection of tools According to the type of licensing, use and availability, the proposed organizational structure taking as a reference different cases of success in similar processes and finally the construction of a laboratory based on the formulation of a problem scenario that would meet needs close to those presented in reality using a controlled and verifiable environment

Estudio energético de los Aires Acondicionados de la Biblioteca del Recinto Universitario Pedro Arauz Palacios en el cuarto trimestre del año 2015

El estudio presenta el consumo eléctrico del aire acondicionados de la Biblioteca del Recinto Universitario Pedro Arauz Palacios. Se realiza consumo de equipos. Calcula la eficiencia de los equipos. Se sugiere medidas para obtener ahorros significativos

Alternativas de solución al envenenamiento del Protocolo ARP en entornos LAN

En el presente artículo se presentan algunos fallos de seguridad del protocolo ARP reflejando su vulnerabilidad a diversos tipos de ataques dando lugar a fugas y/o daños de información, se han presentado diversas soluciones factibles en las cuales se encuentran S-ARP (secure ARP), ES-ARP (Secure and efficient ARP) y como alternativa de solución planteamos la creación de algoritmos que permitandetectar y mitigar ataques mediante el uso de Registros Estáticos en la Tabla ARP, como objetivo queremos resolver algunos fallos en la seguridad de ARP cambiando y mejorando los protocolos originales de este realizando las configuraciones que se creen factibles para mejorar su seguridad, en este artículo se realizará un envenenamiento ARP utilizando las herramientas VMware y GNS3 que nos permiten virtualizar un entorno real con el fin de mostrar la inseguridad que posee el protocolo ARP y así mismo implementar una alternativa económica y eficiente que mejore su seguridad

High prevalence and intensity of Stephanurus dentatus in a population of wild boar (Sus scrofa) in south western Spain

©2018. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This document is the Accepted, version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in The Veterinary Journal. To access the final edited and published work see https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.09.004In the period from October 2016 to February 2017, the urinary tracts of 390 wild boar (Sus scrofa) from four areas of south central Spain (102 from Doñana National Park; 150 from Sierra Morena and the Toledo Mountains; 84 from Sierra Nevada; 54 from Sierra de Cazorla, Segura y Las Villas Natural Park) were examined for the presence of adult specimens of Stephanurus dentatus (Nematoda: Strongyloidea). This parasite was only detected in the wild boar population of Doñana National Park, with high prevalence (76.5 ± 4.2%; 78/102), mean intensity (43.2 ± 4.4) and mean abundance (33.1 ± 3.8). Juvenile wild boar had significantly lower prevalence and abundance than subadult and adult wild boar. The intensity of infestation was significantly higher in male than in female wild boar. The detection of a focus of S. dentatus infestation in the wild boar population in Doñana National Park will provide further opportunities for understanding the epidemiology of this parasite

Histopathology, microbiology and the inflammatory process associated with Sarcoptes scabiei infection in the Iberian ibex, Capra pyrenaica

© The Author(s). 2017 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.[EN]Background: Sarcoptic mange has been identified as the most significant infectious disease affecting the Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica). Despite several studies on the effects of mange on ibex, the pathological and clinical picture derived from sarcoptic mange infestation is still poorly understood. To further knowledge of sarcoptic mange pathology, samples from ibex were evaluated from histological, microbiological and serological perspectives. Methods: Samples of skin, non-dermal tissues and blood were collected from 54 ibex (25 experimentally infected, 15 naturally infected and 14 healthy). Skin biopsies were examined at different stages of the disease for quantitative cellular, structural and vascular changes. Sixteen different non-dermal tissues of each ibex were taken for histological study. Acetylcholinesterase and serum amyloid A protein levels were evaluated from blood samples from ibex with different lesional grade. Samples of mangy skin, suppurative lesions and internal organs were characterized microbiologically by culture. Bacterial colonies were identified by a desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry system (MALDI TOF/TOF). Results: The histological study of the skin lesions revealed serious acanthosis, hyperkeratosis, rete ridges, spongiotic oedema, serocellular and eosinophilic crusts, exocytosis foci, apoptotic cells and sebaceous gland hyperplasia. The cellular response in the dermis was consistent with type I and type IV hypersensitivity responses. The most prominent histological findings in non-dermal tissues were lymphoid hyperplasia, leukocytosis, congestion and the presence of amyloid deposits. The increase in serum concentrations of acetylcholinesterase and amyloid A protein correlated positively with the establishment of the inflammatory response in mangy skin and the presence of systemic amyloidosis. A wide variety of bacterial agents were isolated and the simultaneous presence of these in mangy skin, lymph nodes and internal organs such as lungs, liver, spleen and kidney was compatible with a septicaemic pattern of infection. Conclusions: The alteration of biomarkers of inflammation and its implication in the pathogenesis of the disease and development of lesions in non-dermal tissues and septicaemic processes are serious conditioners for the survival of the mangy ibex. This severe clinical picture could be an important factor when considering the decision to eliminate animals that exceed a certain disease threshold from a population.SIThis study was funded by MINECO from the Spanish Government (grant numbers CGL2012-40043-C0-01, CGL2012-40043-CO2-02 and CGL2016-80543-P). The authors’ research activities are partially funded by the PAIDI Research Group RNM-118 from Junta de Andalucia. José Espinosa was supported by a PhD Grant (grant number ECC/1402/2013: BES-2013-063931). This study is part of the project "Bases biológicas para la gestión de la sarna sarcóptica en la cabra montés (Capra pyrenaica) de Sierra Nevada"

Treatment decision-making in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: Key factors for healthcare professionals. PRELIC study

Objective: To explore the preferences of Spanish healthcare professionals (haematologists and hospital pharmacists) for the treatment selection of active Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL) patients at first relapse, condition that mainly afflicts older adults. Methods: A discrete choice experiment (DCE) was conducted among haematologists and hospital pharmacists. A literature review and a focus group informed the DCE design. CLL treatment settings were defined by seven attributes: four patient/disease-related attributes (age, functional status, comorbidities, and risk of the disease) and three treatment-related attributes (efficacy [hazard ratio of progression-free survival, HR-PFS], rate of discontinuations due to adverse events and cost). A mixed-logit model was used to determine choice-based preferences. Relative importance (RI) of attributes was calculated and compared between stakeholders. Willingnessto-pay (WTP) was estimated through the DCE. Besides, nine ad-hoc questions were posed, to explore more in depth CLL treatment decision making. Results: A total of 130 participants (72 haematologists and 58 hospital pharmacists) answered the DCE. All attributes were significant predictors of preferences (p b 0.05) in the multinomial model. Higher RI was obtained for treatment-related attributes: the highest rated being ‘cost’ (23.8%) followed by ‘efficacy’ (20.9%). Regarding patient-related attributes, the highest RI was obtained for ‘age’ (18.1%). No significant differences (p N 0.05) in RI between haematologists and pharmacists were found. WTP for the treatment was higher for younger CLL patients. Ad-hoc questions showed that patient age and functional status influence treatment decisions. Conclusions: For healthcare professionals, ‘cost’ and ‘efficacy’ (treatment-related attributes) and age (patientrelated attribute) are the m

The local skin cellular immune response determines the clinical outcome of sarcoptic mange in Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica)

[EN] Introduction: Sarcoptic mange, caused by Sarcoptes scabiei, is a disease with implications for wildlife conservation and management. Its severity depends on the host’s local skin immune response, which is largely unknown in Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica), a mountain ungulate dramatically affected by mange. In this species, the clinical outcome of sarcoptic mange varies among individuals, and the local immune response could be key to controlling the infestation. This study aims to characterize the local cellular immune response and its relationship with the clinical outcome. Methods: Fourteen Iberian ibexes were experimentally infested with S. scabiei and six more served as controls. Clinical signs were monitored, and skin biopsies were collected from the withers at 26, 46, and 103 days post-infection (dpi). The presence and distribution of macrophages (including M1 and M2 phenotypes), T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, plasma cells, and interleukine 10 were quantitatively evaluated using immunohistochemical techniques. Results: An inflammatory infiltrate that decreased significantly from 26 to 103 dpi was observed in all the infested ibexes. The predominant inflammatory cell population in the skin of the mangy ibexes was formed by macrophages (mainly the M2 phenotype) followed by T lymphocytes, with lower numbers of B lymphocytes and plasma cells. Three clinical courses were identified: total recovery, partial recovery, and terminal stage. The inflammatory infiltrates were less pronounced in the fully recovered ibexes than in those that progressed to the terminal stage throughout the study. Discussion: The results suggest an exacerbated but effective Th1-type cellular immune response controlling mange in Iberian ibex. Furthermore, the local immune response appears to determine the variability of the clinical responses to S. scabiei infestation in this species. This first report on the progression of local skin immune cells is relevant not only for individuals but also for population management and conservation.SIThis project was funded by the Consejería de Medio Ambiente de la Junta de Andalucía (project 173/2009/M/00;03/15/M/00; 861_11_M_00 and 2016/00014/M) and the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (projects CGL2012-40043-C02-01, CGL2012-40043-C02-02, and CGL2016-80543-P). The authors’ research activities are partially supported by the Plan Andaluz de Investigación (RNM-118 group). MV is supported by a FI-GENCAT Fellowship (2020_FI_B2_00049, which is cofinanced by the Agència de Gestió d’Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca and the European Social Fund). GM is a Serra Húnter FellowThe authors would like to thank the Consejería de Medio Ambiente de la Junta de Andalucía and in particular the Sierra Nevada Natural Space for their logistical support and the Sierra de Huétor Natural Park for the transfer of their experimental facilities. We also give special thanks to the park wardens and fieldworkers in the SNNS and above all to Apolo Sánchez, José López, Isidro Puga, Elías Martínez, Francisco Felipe, and Antonio Rodríguez for their professional and personal involvement in the study. The authors are also grateful to Manolo Herrera for the maintenance of the ibex and the facilities during the experimental phase, Emmanuel Serrano for advice, and the Service of Veterinary Pathology of the UAB for the histological preparation of samples. The technical and human support provided by Marta Silva is gratefully acknowledged

The local skin cellular immune response determines the clinical outcome of sarcoptic mange in Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica)

Sarcoptic mange, caused by Sarcoptes scabiei, is a disease with implications for wildlife conservation and management. Its severity depends on the host's local skin immune response, which is largely unknown in Iberian ibex (Capra pyrenaica), a mountain ungulate dramatically affected by mange. In this species, the clinical outcome of sarcoptic mange varies among individuals, and the local immune response could be key to controlling the infestation. This study aims to characterize the local cellular immune response and its relationship with the clinical outcome. Fourteen Iberian ibexes were experimentally infested with S. scabiei and six more served as controls. Clinical signs were monitored, and skin biopsies were collected from the withers at 26, 46, and 103 days post-infection (dpi). The presence and distribution of macrophages (including M1 and M2 phenotypes), T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, plasma cells, and interleukine 10 were quantitatively evaluated using immunohistochemical techniques. An inflammatory infiltrate that decreased significantly from 26 to 103 dpi was observed in all the infested ibexes. The predominant inflammatory cell population in the skin of the mangy ibexes was formed by macrophages (mainly the M2 phenotype) followed by T lymphocytes, with lower numbers of B lymphocytes and plasma cells. Three clinical courses were identified: total recovery, partial recovery, and terminal stage. The inflammatory infiltrates were less pronounced in the fully recovered ibexes than in those that progressed to the terminal stage throughout the study. The results suggest an exacerbated but effective Th1-type cellular immune response controlling mange in Iberian ibex. Furthermore, the local immune response appears to determine the variability of the clinical responses to S. scabiei infestation in this species. This first report on the progression of local skin immune cells is relevant not only for individuals but also for population management and conservation

In vitro rearing oestrus caucasicus third-instar larvae and pupae (diptera: oestridae) from naturally-infested iberian ibex, capra pyrenaica (artiodactyla: bovidae)

Third-instar Oestrus caucasicus larvae (n = 236) obtained from Iberian ibex, Capra pyrenaica, were reared in a laboratory to obtain adult flies. They were maintained at a temperature of 21.9 ± 2.7° C and a relative humidity of 38.9 ± 8.0 %. In all, 78 imagos emerged (33.1 %), with a sex-ratio at emergence not differing significantly from 1:1; 25 larvae did not complete pupariation. A total of 14 adult flies (17.9 % of the adults obtained) showed malformations, mainly in their wings. The pupariation period lasted around 30 hours and the pupal stage lasted on average 29.8 ± 6.8 days. The success of pupation in both sexes was mainly determined by the weight of the larvae. Sexual dimorphism, with higher weights in females, was evident in third-instar larvae, pupae and adults. The mean longevity of adult flies was 224.8 ± 91.4 hours and males generally survived for longer than the females