Strategic planning and change management.Examples of Barcelona, Seville and Saragossa (Spain)

This work attempts to underline that motivating and managing change in the mentality of its environment, and being in tune with society's changing needs is the basis of successful strategic planning. Our aim is to highlight planning as a way of learning, that is, planning implies changing ways of thinking, not making plans. Strategic learning requires releasing the mind in order to slip flexibly into the continuous line and to achieve the creation of possible action courses from a fertile dialogue between thought and action. Using our insights from the two literatures, we propose a dynamic, integrative conceptual model of change based on organizational learning. This practice has been analysed in three Spanish cities where important events have taken place.

Third demographic transition and demographic dividend : an application based on panel data analysis

P. 59-82The third demographic transition, barely mentioned by some authors and implicit for others, refers to changes in the demographic structures of the most developed countries promoted by the most recent migratory flows, with repercussions in aspects such as age structure or the composition of the labour market. The concept of the third demographic transition revolves around the increasing presence of foreigners, many of whom take up jobs that nationals reject, as well as other more skilled posts. Using the panel data methodology, we try to explain the third demographic dividend whose impact can be seen in the labour market. The results enable us to conclude that the foreign worker differential puts downward pressure on salaries, which affects other groups. If workers are available and policies are constructive, this leads to positive results and social wealth.S

La importancia de la tecnología de la información geográfica para la enseñanza-aprendizaje de las Ciencias Sociales

En este trabajo se señala la importancia de las distintas aplicaciones, plataformas y globos virtuales en la red para la enseñanza no solo de la Geografía sino de la Historia e Historia del Arte, que deberían de impartirse de una forma global, mediante una enseñanza activa para adecuar el proceso de aprendizaje a la personalidad y a la evolución intelectual del alumno

Diffuse urbanisation and irregular urban growth: processes and trends in medium-sized cities in the Castilla y Leon Region (Spain)

[EN] The process of extension and growth of medium-sized cities towards their surrounding municipalities in recent years has not occurred in a linear or fully defined manner. Instead, in most of these intermediate nuclei, urban growth has been diffuse and irregular, generating processes of discontinuous extension. By virtue of the types of uses implemented in recent urbanization, different spatial impacts have occurred. Moreover, each dynamic has been affected in a specific way by the economic crisis, which has slowed down and / or paralyzed many of these developments initiated in the final years of the 20th century. This paper reflects on how these urbanization processes have taken place in medium-sized cities in the region of Castilla y León, proposes an analysis of recent trends which, since 2000, have configured complex and diverse urban areas around the central nuclei of these cities.[POR] URBANIZAÇÃO DIFUSA E CRESCIMENTO URBANO IRREGULAR: PROCESSOS E TENDÊNCIAS NAS CIDADES MÉDIAS DA REGIÃO DE CASTILLA Y LEÓN (ESPANHA). O processo de extensão e crescimento das cidades médias em direção aos municípios vizinhos nos últimos anos não ocorreu de maneira linear ou totalmente definida. Na maioria desses núcleos intermédios, o crescimento urbano tem sido difuso e irregular, gerando processos de extensão descontínua. Em virtude dos tipos de usos implementados pela recente urbanização, ocorreram diferentes impactos espaciais e, além disso, cada dinâmica foi afetada de maneira específica pela crise económica, que desacelerou e/ou paralisou muitos desses desenvolvimentos iniciados no país nos finais do século XX. Este artigo reflete sobre como esses processos de urbanização ocorreram em cidades médias na região de Castilla y León, propõe uma análise de tendências recentes que, desde 2000, configuraram áreas urbanas complexas e diversas em torno dos núcleos centrais dessas cidades.[ES] URBANIZACIÓN DIFUSA Y CRECIMIENTO URBANO IRREGULAR: PROCESOS Y TENDENCIAS EN LAS CIUDADES MEDIAS DE LA REGIÓN DE CASTI LLA Y LEÓN (ESPAÑA). El proceso de extensión y crecimiento de las ciudades medias hacia sus municipios circundantes en los últimos años no se ha producido de manera lineal o totalmente definida. En la mayoría de estos núcleos intermedios, el crecimiento urbano ha sido difuso e irregular, generando procesos de extensión discontinua. En virtud de los tipos de usos implementados en la urbanización reciente, se han producido diferentes impactos espaciales y, además, cada dinámica se ha visto afectada de manera específica por la crisis económica, que ha frenado y/o paralizado muchos de estos desarrollos, iniciados en los últimos años del siglo XX. Este artículo reflexiona sobre cómo se han producido estos procesos de urbanización en las ciudades medias de la región de Castilla y León y propone un análisis de las tendencias recientes que, desde el año 2000, ha configurado áreas urbanas complejas y diversas alrededor de los núcleos centrales de dichas ciudades.S

Urbanización difusa y crecimiento urbano irregular: procesos y tendencias en las ciudades medias de la región de Castilla y León (España).

The process of extension and growth of medium-sized cities towards their surrounding municipalities in recent years has not occurred in a linear or fully defined manner. Instead, in most of these intermediate nuclei, urban growth has been diffuse and irregular, generating processes of discontinuous extension. By virtue of the types of uses implemented in recent urbanization, different spatial impacts have occurred. Moreover, each dynamic has been affected in a specific way by the economic crisis, which has slowed down and / or paralyzed many of these developments initiated in the final years of the 20th century. This paper reflects on how these urbanization processes have taken place in medium-sized cities in the region of Castilla y León, proposes an analysis of recent trends which, since 2000, have configured complex and diverse urban areas around the central nuclei of these cities.El proceso de extensión y crecimiento de las ciudades medias hacia sus municipios circundantes en los últimos años no se ha producido de manera lineal o totalmente definida. En la mayoría de estos núcleos intermedios, el crecimiento urbano ha sido difuso e irregular, generando procesos de extensión discontinua. En virtud de los tipos de usos implementados en la urbanización reciente, se han producido diferentes impactos espaciales y, además, cada dinámica se ha visto afectada de manera específica por la crisis económica, que ha frenado y/o paralizado muchos de estos desarrollos, iniciados en los últimos años del siglo XX. Este artículo reflexiona sobre cómo se han producido estos procesos de urbanización en las ciudades medias de la región de Castilla y León y propone un análisis de las tendencias recientes que, desde el año 2000, ha configurado áreas urbanas complejas y diversas alrededor de los núcleos centrales de dichas ciudades.O processo de extensão e crescimento das cidades médias em direção aos municípios vizinhos nos últimos anos não ocorreu de maneira linear ou totalmente definida. Na maioria desses núcleos intermédios, o crescimento urbano tem sido difuso e irregular, gerando processos de extensão descontínua. Em virtude dos tipos de usos implementados pela recente urbanização, ocorreram diferentes impactos espaciais e, além disso, cada dinâmica foi afetada de maneira específica pela crise económica, que desacelerou e/ou paralisou muitos desses desenvolvimentos iniciados no país nos finais do século XX. Este artigo reflete sobre como esses processos de urbanização ocorreram em cidades médias na região de Castilla y León, propõe uma análise de tendências recentes que, desde 2000, configuraram áreas urbanas complexas e diversas em torno dos núcleos centrais dessas cidades.Le processus d’extension et de croissance des villes moyennes vers les municipalités environnantes ne s’est pas déroulé de manière linéaire ou complètement définie au cours des dernières années. Dans la plupart de ces noyaux intermédiaires, la croissance urbaine a été diffuse et irrégulière, générant des processus d’extension discontinue. En raison des types d’usages mis en oeuvre dans l’urbanisation récente, différents impacts spatiaux se sont produits et chaque dynamique a été spécifiquement affectée par la crise économique, qui a ralenti et/ou paralysé nombreux de ces développements initiés dans les dernières années du vingtième siècle. Cet article examine comment ces processus d’urbanisation se sont produits dans les villes moyennes de la région de Castilla y León et propose une analyse des tendances récentes que, depuis 2000, ont façonné des zones urbaines complexes et diverses autour des noyaux centraux de ces villes.Data for this paper were obtained as part of the research project CSO2015-63970-R and RTI 2018-096435-B-C22 with the financial support by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology

Dynamics of PHA-Accumulating Bacterial Communities Fed with Lipid-Rich Liquid Effluents from Fish-Canning Industries

This research was supported by the Spanish Government (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation) through the TREASURE-MICROSALT (CTQ2017-83225-C2-2-R) and ECOPOLYVER-MACROPOLYVER (PID2020-112550RC22) projects.The biosynthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) from industrial wastes by mixed microbial cultures (MMCs) enriched in PHA-accumulating bacteria is a promising technology to replace petroleum-based plastics. However, the populations’ dynamics in the PHA-accumulating MMCs are not well known. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to address the shifts in the size and structure of the bacterial communities in two lab-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) fed with fish-canning effluents and operated under non-saline (SBR-N, 0.5 g NaCl/L) or saline (SBR-S, 10 g NaCl/L) conditions, by using a combination of quantitative PCR and Illumina sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes. A double growth limitation (DGL) strategy, in which nitrogen availability was limited and uncoupled to carbon addition, strongly modulated the relative abundances of the PHA-accumulating bacteria, leading to an increase in the accumulation of PHAs, independently of the saline conditions (average 9.04 wt% and 11.69 wt%, maximum yields 22.03 wt% and 26.33% SBR-N and SBR-S, respectively). On the other hand, no correlations were found among the PHAs accumulation yields and the absolute abundances of total Bacteria, which decreased through time in the SBR-N and did not present statistical differences in the SBR-S. Acinetobacter, Calothrix, Dyella, Flavobacterium, Novosphingobium, Qipengyuania, and Tsukamurella were key PHA-accumulating genera in both SBRs under the DGL strategy, which was revealed as a successful tool to obtain a PHA-enriched MMC using fish-canning effluents.Spanish Government (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation) CTQ2017-83225-C2-2-R PID2020-112550RC2

Structure of fungal communities in sequencing batch reactors operated at different salinities for the selection of triacylglyceride-producers from a fish-canning lipid-rich waste stream

Oleaginous fungi natively accumulate large amounts of triacylglycerides (TAG), widely used as precursors for sustainable biodiesel production. However, little attention has been paid to the diversity and roles of fungal mixed microbial cultures (MMCs) in sequencing batch reactors (SBR). In this study, a lipid-rich stream produced in the fish-canning industry was used as a substrate in two laboratory-scale SBRs operated under the feast/famine (F/F) regime to enrich microorganisms with high TAG-storage ability, under two different concentrations of NaCl (SBR-N: 0.5 g/L; SBR-S: 10 g/L). The size of the fungal community in the enriched activated sludge (EAS) was analyzed using 18S rRNA-based qPCR, and the fungal community structure was determined by Illumina sequencing. The different selective pressures (feeding strategy and control of pH) implemented in the enrichment SBRs throughout operation increased the abundance of total fungi. In general, there was an enrichment of genera previously identified as TAG-accumulating fungi (Apiotrichum, Candida, Cutaneotrichosporon, Geotrichum, Haglerozyma, Metarhizium, Mortierella, Saccharomycopsis, and Yarrowia) in both SBRs. However, the observed increase of their relative abundances throughout operation was not significantly linked to a higher TAG accumulation.Spanish Government CTQ2017 - 83225-C2 - 1- R CTQ2017 - 83225-C2 - 2-R PID-2020 - 112550RB-C2

Revealing the dissimilar structure of microbial communities in different WWTPs that treat fish-canning wastewater with different NaCl content

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. This research was supported by the Spanish Government (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation) through TREASURE-TECHNOSALT (CTQ2017-83225-C2-1-R) and TREASURE-MICROSALT (CTQ2017-83225-C2-2-R) projects. The authors Alba Roibas-Rozas and Anuska Mosquera-Corral belong to the Galician Competitive Research Group GRC-ED431C 2017-29 and to the CRETUS Strategic Partnership (ED431E 2018/01) . All these programmes are co-funded by FEDER (UE) . Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Granada/CBUA.Studies that characterize the microbial communities in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are numerous, yet similar studies in industrial WWTPs treating fish-canning effluents are limited. The microbial communities in samples of 4 fish-canning WWTPs that operated under different NaCl concentrations were investigated by qPCR and partial 16S rRNA gene Illumina sequencing. The absolute abundances of key microbial populations (Total Bacteria, Archaea and Fungi, ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB), Mycolata, Candidatus Microthrix, Ca. Accumulibacter and Ca. Competibacter) presented statistical differences among the WWTPs. The NaCl concentration negatively affected the absolute abundance of Bacteria and Fungi, filamentous, and phosphate (PAO) and glycogen (GAO) accumulating bacteria, while AOB and Ca. Microthrix populations were statistically higher in the WWTP with higher NaCl contents. On the other hand, the main bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were classified as members of Kouleothrix (Chloroflexia, Chloroflexi) and Tetrasphaera (Actinomycetia, Actinobacteria), family Beijerinckiaceae (Alphaproteobacteria, Proteobacteria), order Betaproteobacteriales (Gammaproteobacteria, Proteobacteria), Sphingobacteriales (Sphingobacteriia, Bacteroidetes) and Frankiales (Actinobacteria, Actinobacteria), class Anaerolineae (Chloroflexi), phylum Chloroflexi and Bacteria_unclassified. The structure of the bacterial community was highly dissimilar among the 4 WWTPs, as the identities of the dominant OTUs differed significantly among them. Therefore, the individual characteristics of the different WWTPs, mainly NaCl concentration, were responsible for the narrow assemblage of the bacterial communities. Different OTUs belonging to the phyla Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadetes and Proteobacteria were revealed as salttolerant. Taking into account these results, NaCl content was an important driver of the abundance of microbial populations and the bacterial community structure in the analysed industrial facilities.Spanish Government (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation) CTQ2017-83225-C2-1-R CTQ2017-83225-C2-2-REuropean CommissionGalician Competitive Research Group GRC-ED431C 2017-29CRETUS Strategic Partnership ED431E 2018/0

Neurodevelopment Outcome in Children with Fetal Growth Restriction at Six Years of Age: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Objective: This study aimed to describe neurodevelopment in fetal growth restriction children at the age of six. Secondly, we tried to demonstrate influencing factors that can improve or exacerbate this development, as well as predictive factors that might select a population at risk to assist with early childhood support. Method: It was a study of 70 children affected with FGR. FGR was based on these definitions: birth weight below the 3rd percentile or birth weight below the 10th percentile with an abnormal hemodynamic Doppler study. Neurodevelopment was assessed at 6 years old by means of Batelle Development Inventory. A global development quotient under a 100 score was considered a neurodevelopment delay. All variables regarding pregnancy care, delivery episode, postpartum, neonatal care, sociodemographic issues, and the need for support in the first years were studied. Results: The mean gestational age at diagnosis was 33.14 weeks (standard deviation (SD = 4.31), with 32.9% of early-onset diagnoses. The mean gestational age at delivery was 35.61 (SD = 3.21), and the cesarean rate was 64.3%. The average age of the children at the moment of the evaluation was 76.20-month-old (SD = 3.70). The mean global development quotient was 97.28 (SD = 13.97). We were able to record a 57.1% of global development delay. In the cases of cognition, only 17.1% of the children registered a delay. Motor and communication skills were the most frequently affected. We discovered that socioeconomic status was positively related to the global development quotient, as well as both gestational age at delivery and middle cerebral artery pulsatility index was positively related to the global development quotient. Conclusions: We found a higher neurodevelopment delay rate (57.1%). We could relate a higher gestational age at delivery and a higher MCA percentile with better global neurodevelopment quotientsBenítez Marín MJ, Blanco Elena JA, Marín Clavijo J, Jiménez López J, Lubián López DM, González Mesa E. Neurodevelopment Outcome in Children with Fetal Growth Restriction at Six Years of Age: A Retrospective Cohort Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(17):11043. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19171104

La computadora en la educación en el siglo XXI. Un mapeo científico de la literatura en Web of Science

I+d+i Project oTRI-University of granada with financing code number 4995: Services related to the pilot phase of the evaluation of educational programs.Computers have evolved over the course of history through successive generations. The impact of this technology on society has revolutionised the way we communicate, participate in the political life of a country or access education. The potential of the computer in the field of education has been highlighted by last year's global event. The objective of the study is to analyze the literature on the term computer in the field of education (CoMPU-EdU) in the Web of Science database. for this, a bibliometric methodology based on a scientific mapping of the publications on the state of the question has been used. It has worked with an analysis unit of 10939 documents. The results indicate that research related to "computer" in education is mainly presented in English and in research articles. In addition, the journal with the most manuscripts on this line of research is Computer & Education. The analysis of the scientific evolution of this line of research shows that studies are mainly focused on teaching and learning processes, as well as on students' attitudes towards computer use. It can be concluded that the CoMPU-EdU investigations are currently at an inflection point, given that there is a downward trend, as far as production volume is concerned. The scientific community is beginning to focus its research on other more specific branches of computer, such as augmented reality or robotics. In addition, the scientific production of CoMPU-EdU in the 21th century focuses mainly on the attitudes of the members involved in the pedagogical act, on gender differences, on the elements of the teaching and learning processes - pedagogical methods and evaluation - and in the attention of students with special educational needs. Probably in the future the lines of research will begin to focus on self-regulation of learning, computational-thinking and gamification.Las computadoras han evolucionado a lo largo de la historia a través de generaciones sucesivas. El impacto de esta tecnología en la sociedad ha revolucionado la forma en que nos comunicamos, participamos en la vida política de un país o accedemos a la educación. El potencial de la computadora en el campo de la educación ha sido destacado por el evento global del año pasado. El objetivo del estudio es analizar la literatura sobre el término informática en el campo de la educación (CoMPU-EdU) en la base de datos de Web of Science. Para ello se ha utilizado una metodología bibliométrica basada en un mapeo científico de las publicaciones sobre el estado de la cuestión. ha trabajado con una unidad de análisis de 10939 documentos. Los resultados indican que la investigación relacionada con la "computadora" en la educación se presenta principalmente en inglés y en artículos de investigación. Además, la revista con más manuscritos en esta línea de investigación es Computer & Education. El análisis de la evolución científica de esta línea de investigación muestra que los estudios se centran principalmente en los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje, así como en las actitudes de los estudiantes hacia el uso de la computadora. Se puede concluir que las investigaciones CoMPU-EdU se encuentran actualmente en un punto de inflexión, dado que existe una tendencia a la baja, en lo que se refiere al volumen de producción. La comunidad científica empieza a centrar su investigación en otras ramas más específicas de la informática, como la realidad aumentada o la robótica. Además, la producción científica de CoMPU-EdU en el siglo XXI se centra principalmente en las actitudes de los integrantes involucrados en el acto pedagógico, en las diferencias de género, en los elementos de los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje - métodos pedagógicos y de evaluación - y en la atención de alumnos con necesidades educativas especiales. Probablemente en el futuro las líneas de investigación comiencen a centrarse en la autorregulación del aprendizaje, el pensamiento computacional y la gamificación.I+d+i Project oTRI-University of granada 499