DIVERSIDAD DE PARÁSITOS DE OSTEOGLOSSUM BICIRRHOSUM, UN PEZ OSTEOGLOSSIDAE DE LAAMAZONÍA

We investigated the ecological relationships between parasites and the host silver arowana Osteoglossum bicirrhosum Cuvier, 1829 from Amazonian basin, in Brazil. A total of 1,570.539 parasites belonging to different taxa were found including Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Piscinoodinium pillulare (Protozoa), Gonocleithrum aruanae, Gonocleithrum planacrus, Gonocleithrum coenoideum (Monogenoidea) and Camallanus acaudatus (Nematoda); all had an aggregated dispersion. The Brillouin diversity index was 0.11 ± 0.21, evenness was 0.08 ± 0.15 and species richness was 3.2 ± 0.5. There was positive correlation between the intensity of I. multifiliis and host size, as well as between the intensity of Gonocleithrum spp. and the relative condition factor of hosts. This is the first report on parasitic diversity indices in wild O. Bicirrhosum. The parasites community was characterized by low species diversity and species richness, and by high prevalence of ectoparasites species.Este estudio investigó las relaciones ecológicas entre los parásitos y el hospedero arauana Osteoglossum bicirrhosum Cuvier, 1829 de la cuenca del Amazonas, en Brasil. Un total de 1,570.539 parásitos pertenecientes a diferentes taxones se encontraron como Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Piscinoodinium pillulare (Protozoa), Gonocleithrum aruanae, Gonocleithrum planacrus, Gonocleithrum coenoideum (Monogenoidea) y Camallanus acaudatus (Nematoda), que tenían una dispersión agregada. El índice de diversidad de Brillouin fue 0,11 ± 0,21, la uniformidad fue 0,08 ± 0,15 y la riqueza de especies fue 3,2 ± 0,5. Hubo correlación positiva entre la intensidad de I. multifiliis y el tamaño del hospedero, así como entre la intensidad de Gonocleithrum spp. y el factor de condición relativa de los hospederos. Este primer informe sobre el índices de diversidad parasitarias en O. bicirrhosum muestra que la comunidad de parásitos se caracterizó por una baja diversidad y riqueza de especies, y por la alta prevalencia de especies de ectoparásitos

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Ações executadas no Programa Saúde na Escola e seus fatores associados

Objetivo: analisar a associação das ações dos componentes I (com ações de avaliação clínica e psicossocial) e II (com ações de promoção da saúde e prevenção de doenças e agravos) do Programa Saúde na Escola com a sua localização territorial, categoria e qualificação profissional. Materiais e métodos: trata-se de estudo transversal, normativo e de abordagem quantitativa. A coleta de dados foi realizada entre maio e julho de 2017 com instrumento construído com base nas normatizações do programa. Os dados foram analisados a partir da estatística descritiva e inferencial (teste exato de Fisher) com o auxílio de um software estatístico e social. Resultados: 84,8 % dos participantes eram do sexo feminino e com tempo médio de atuação de 7,2 anos no Programa Saúde na Escola. As ações mais frequentes foram avaliação da saúde bucal (50,5 %), avaliação antropométrica (39 %) e avaliação da situação vacinal (35,2 %). Houve associação das ações desenvolvidas com a localização territorial (p = < 0,05), a categoria profissional (p = < 0,040) e a qualificação profissional (p = 0,001). Conclusões: as ações do Programa Saúde na Escola mais frequentemente desenvolvidas são relacionadas ao componente de avaliação clínica. Elas são executadas a partir das necessidades territoriais, influenciadas pelos profisisonais da saúde, e são pautadas pela gestão do programa. É oportuno utilizar esses achados para readequar a oferta das ações do Programa Saúde na Escola

Ações executadas no Programa Saúde na Escola e seus fatores associados

Objective: To examine the associ-ation of the actions in components I (clinical and psychosocial evaluation) and II (health promotion and disease and health risks prevention) of the “Health at School Program” with its territorial location, category, and professional qualification.Materials and methods:Transversal and normative study with a quantitative approach. Data collec-tion was carried out between May and July 2017 using an instrument built from the program's standards. The data were analyzed using descrip-tive and inferential statistics (Fisher’s exact test) with the aid of statistical and social analysis software. Results: 84.8% of the participants were female with a mean time of 7.2 years enrolled in the Health at School Program. The most frequent actions were oral health assessment (50.5 %), anthropometric assessment (39 %), and vaccination status assess-ment (35.2 %). There was an associa-tion between the actions developed by the program and the territorial location (p = < 0.05), the professional category (p = < 0.040), and the profes-sional qualification (p = 0.001).Conclusions: Actions most frequently developed as part of the Health at School Program are related to the clinical evaluation component. They are executed based on territorial needs, influenced by health profession-als, and guided by program manage-ment. It is appropriate to consider these findings in order to readjust the offer of activities by the programObjetivo: analisar a associação das ações dos componentes I (com ações de avaliação clínica e psicosso-cial) e II (com ações de promoção da saúde e prevenção de doenças e agra-vos) do Programa Saúde na Escola com a sua localização territorial, categoria e qualificação profissional.Materiais e métodos:trata-se de estudo transversal, normativo e de abordagem quantitativa. A coleta de dados foi realizada entre maio e julho de 2017 com instrumento cons-truído com base nas normatizações do programa. Os dados foram anali-sados a partir da estatística descri-tiva e inferencial (teste exato de Fisher) com o auxílio de um softwareestatístico e social.Resultados:84,8 % dos partici-pantes eram do sexo feminino e com tempo médio de atuação de 7,2 anos no Programa Saúde na Escola. As ações mais frequentes foram avalia-ção da saúde bucal (50,5 %), avaliação antropométrica (39 %) e avaliação da situação vacinal (35,2 %). Houve asso-ciação das ações desenvolvidas com a localização territorial (p = < 0,05), a categoria profissional (p = < 0,040) e a qualificação profissional (p = 0,001).Conclusões: as ações do Programa Saúde na Escola mais frequentemente desenvolvidas são relacionadas ao componente de avaliação clínica. Elas são executadas a partir das necessi-dades territoriais, influenciadas pelos profisisonais da saúde, e são pautadas pela gestão do programa. É oportuno utilizar esses achados para readequar a oferta das ações do Programa Saúde na Escola.Objetivo: analizar la asociación de las acciones del componente I (con acciones de evaluación clíni-ca y psicosocial) y II (con acciones de promoción de la salud y preven-ción de enfermedades y riesgos) del "Programa Salud en la Escuela” con su ubicación territorial, categoría y calificación profesional.Materiales y métodos: estu-dio transversal y normativo con enfoque cuantitativo. La recolección de datos se realizó entre los meses de mayo y julio de 2017 con un instru-mento construido a partir de los estándares del programa. Los datos se analizaron mediante estadísti-ca descriptiva e inferencial (prueba exacta de Fisher) con la ayuda de software estadístico y social.Resultados:el 84,8 % de los parti-cipantes corresponde a mujeres con un tiempo medio de vinculación con el Programa Salud en la Escuela de 7,2 años. Las acciones más frecuentes fueron evaluación de la salud bucal (50,5 %), evaluación antropométrica (39 %) y evaluación del estado de vacu-nación (35,2 %). Se registró una asocia-ción entre las acciones desarrolladas y la ubicación territorial (p = < 0,05), la categoría profesional (p = < 0,040) y la calificación profesional (p = 0,001).Conclusiones: las acciones del Programa Salud en la Escuela que se desarrollan con mayor frecuencia están relacionadas con el componente de evaluación clínica. Se ejecutan en función de las necesidades territoria-les, están influenciadas por los profe-sionales de la salud y son guiadas por la gestión del programa. Así, resulta oportuno considerar estos hallazgos para reajustar la oferta de acciones del Programa Salud en la Escuel

Resumos de Dissertações do PPGAA/UFPA

Resumos de Dissertaçõe

Arboviruses in Free-Ranging Birds and Hematophagous Arthropods (Diptera, Nematocera) from Forest Remnants and Urbanized Areas of an Environmental Protection Area in the Amazon Biome

The rapid and disorderly urbanization in the Amazon has resulted in the insertion of forest fragments into cities, causing the circulation of arboviruses, which can involve hematophagous arthropods and free-ranging birds in the transmission cycles in urban environments. This study aimed to evaluate the circulation of arboviruses in free-ranging birds and hematophagous arthropods captured in an Environmental Protection Area in the Belem metropolitan area, Brazil. Birds were captured using mist nets, and hematophagous arthropods were collected using a human protected attraction technique and light traps. The birds&rsquo; sera were subjected to a hemagglutination inhibition test to detect antibodies against 29 arbovirus antigens. Arthropod macerates were inoculated into C6/36 and VERO cell cultures to attempt viral isolation and were tested using indirect immunofluorescence, subsequent genetic sequencing and submitted for phylogenetic analysis. Four bird sera were positive for arbovirus, and one batch of Psorophora ferox was positive for Flavivirus on viral isolation and indirect immunofluorescence. In addition, the Ilheus virus was detected in the sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The presence of antibodies in sera from free-ranging birds and the isolation of Ilheus virus in Psorophora ferox indicate the circulation of arboviruses in forest remnants in the urban center of Belem