VIGILÂNCIA SOROLÓGICA DA LEISHMANIOSE HUMANA E CANINA NO MUNICÍPIO DE FARIAS BRITO, ESTADO DO CEARÁ, BRASIL

This article aims to analyze canine serological surveys in the municipality of Farias Brito, Ceará State, and relate the occurrence areas of dogs and humans diagnosed with some form of leishmaniasis in 2014 and 2015. This is a quantitative and descriptive research, which analyzed secondary data obtained from the Leishmaniosis Control Program of the Municipal Secretary of Farias Brito, as well as from the database of Information System of Notification Injury. Of 431 analyzed animals, 63,34% were positive in DPP test and 45,42% were positive in ELISA. 77,87% of these lived in urban areas and 75,36% were aged greater or equal four years. During the studied period, 28 cases of leishmaniasis in humans were diagnosed, most of them in men; 42,86% of the cases were of cutaneous leishmaniasis, with greater occurrence in rural areas, and 57,14% of visceral leishmaniasis, more prevalent in urban areas. It was concluded that the incidence of dogs that reacted to leishmaniasis was high, and that they lived in specific areas of the city that have had confirmed cases of American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis and American Visceral Leishmaniasis. Therefore, is possible that dogs are acting as a reservoir for the disease and may be the only means of transmission in the study area.Keywords: Dogs; reservoirs; human disease.Este artigo teve como objetivo analisar inquéritos sorológicos canino no município de Farias Brito, estado do Ceará e, realizar uma relação entre áreas de ocorrências dos cães e de humanos diagnosticado com algum tipo de leishmaniose entre os anos de 2014 e 2015. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de abordagem quantitativa, descritiva, onde se analisou dados secundários obtidos junto ao Programa de Controle das Leishmanioses da Secretaria Municipal de Farias Brito e do banco de dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação. Dos 431 animais analisados, 63,34% estavam positivos no teste DPP e 45,42% no ELISA, dos quais 77,87% viviam em áreas urbanas e 75,36% tinham idade maior ou igual quatro anos. No período estudado, foram diagnosticados 28 casos de leishmaniose em humanos, sendo maior parte do sexo masculino. Um total de 42,86% dos casos foram de leishmaniose tegumentar americana, com maior ocorrência em áreas rurais, e 57,14% de leishmaniose visceral americana, mais prevalente em áreas urbanas. Conclui-se que foi elevada a incidência de cães reagentes para leishmaniose e que estes viviam em áreas específicas do município as quais tiveram casos confirmados de LTA e LVA em humanos, portanto, possivelmente os cães estejam atuando como reservatório da doença e que provavelmente seja o único meio de transmissão na área em estudo.Palavras-chave: Cães, reservatórios, doença em humanos

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Trajetórias da Educomunicação nas Políticas Públicas e a Formação de seus Profissionais

Esta obra é composta com os trabalhos apresentados no primeiro subtema, TRAJETÓRIA – Educação para a Comunicação como Política pública, nas perspectivas da Educomunicação e da Mídia-Educação, do II Congresso Internacional de Comunicação e Educação. Os artigos pretendem propiciar trocas de informações e produzir reflexões com os leitores sobre os caminhos percorridos, e ainda a percorrer, tendo como meta a expansão e a legitimação das práticas educomunicativas e/ou mídia-educativas como política pública para o atendimento à formação de crianças, adolescentes, jovens e adultos, no Brasil e no mundo

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Inter rater reliability of Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing (PUSH) in patients with chronic leg ulcers Confiabilidad inter-observadores del Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing (PUSH) en pacientes con úlceras crónicas en la pierna Confiabilidade interobservadores do Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing (PUSH), em pacientes com úlceras crônicas de perna

This study aimed to evaluate the inter rater reliability of the Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing (PUSH), in its version adapted to the Portuguese language, in patients with chronic leg ulcers. Kappa index was used for the analysis. After accomplishing ethical issues, 41 patients with ulcers were examined. A total of 49% of the ulcers were located in the right leg and 36% of them were venous ulcers. The Kappa indices (0.97 to 1.00) obtained in the comparison between the observations of the clinical nurses and the stomal therapists for all sub-scales and for total score, confirmed the tool inter rater reliability, with statistical significance (p<0.001). The PUSH instrument, in its Portuguese adapted version, showed to be reliable to the use in patients with chronic leg ulcers. Further studies should be conducted to evaluate its prospective performance.<br>El objetivo del estúdio fue probar la confiabilidad inter-observadores del Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing (PUSH), en su versión adaptada al portugués, en pacientes con úlceras crónicas en la pierna. Para el análisis de concordancia se utilizó el Indice Kappa. Posterior a la aprobación del Comité de Ética, 41 pacientes con úlcera fueron examinados, siendo que 49% de las úlceras se localizaron a la derecha y 36% eran de etiología venosa. Los indices Kappa obtenidos (0,97 a 1,00), con un nivel significativo de p<0,001, confirmaron la confiabilidad de los inter-observadores, al obtenerse un nivel de concordancia muy bueno entre el total de las observaciones realizadas por enfermeros clínicos y especialistas en estomatología (patrón-oro), dichos valores obtenidos tanto para todas las sub escalas de PUSH como para el puntaje total. Los resultados permiten concluir que el PUSH, en su versión adaptada para el portugués, mostró confiabilidad para ser utilizado en pacientes con úlceras crónicas en miembros inferiores, debiendo ampliarse el estudio para evaluar su desempeño prospectivo.<br>Testar a confiabilidade interobservadores do Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing (PUSH), em sua versão adaptada para o português, em pacientes com úlceras crônicas de perna foi o objetivo deste estudo. Para a análise de concordância, utilizou-se o índice Kappa. Após aprovação pelo Comitê de Ética, pacientes com úlceras (41) úlceras foram examinados, sendo que 49% das úlceras localizavam-se à direita e 36% eram de etiologia venosa. Os índices Kappa obtidos (0,97 a 1,00), com significância estatística (p<0,001), ratificaram a confiabilidade interobservadores, ao ser obtida concordância de muito boa a total entre as observações de enfermeiros clínicos e especialistas em estomaterapia (padrão-ouro), para todas as subescalas do PUSH, como para o escore total. Esses resultados permitem concluir que o PUSH, em sua versão adaptada para o português, mostrou confiabilidade para utilização em pacientes com úlceras crônicas de membros inferiores, devendo-se ampliar o estudo para avaliação de seu desempenho prospectivo

Nanocomposite Treatment Reduces Disease and Lethality in a Murine Model of Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease and Preserves Anti-Tumor Effects

<div><p>Graft versus host disease (GVHD) is an immunological disorder triggered by bone marrow transplantation that affects several organs, including the gastrointestinal tract and liver. Fullerenes and their soluble forms, fullerols, are nanocomposites with a closed symmetrical structure with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. The present study evaluated the effects of treatment with the fullerol (C60(OH)18-20) in the development and pathogenesis of GVHD in a murine model. Mice with experimental GVHD that were treated with the fullerol showed reduced clinical signs of disease and mortality compared with untreated mice. Treatment with the fullerol decreased the hepatic damage associated with reduced hepatic levels of reactive oxygen species, pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (IFN-γ TNF-α, CCL2, CCL3 and CCL5) and reduced leukocyte accumulation. The amelioration of GVHD after treatment with the fullerol was also associated with reduced intestinal lesions and consequent bacterial translocation to the blood, liver and peritoneal cavity. Moreover, the fullerol treatment alleviated the GVHD while preserving effects of the graft against a leukemia cell line (GFP+P815). In summary, the fullerol was effective in reducing the GVHD inflammatory response in mice and may suggest novel ways to treat this disease.</p></div

Fullerol reduces the concentration of cytokines, chemokines and reactive oxygen species in the liver.

<p>GVHD was induced by the transfer of splenocytes from semi-allogeneic WT or C57BL/6J donors to B6D2F1 mice. The mice that received splenocytes from the syngeneic (B6D2F1) mice did not develop the disease and were considered the control group. Fullerol (10 mg/Kg in 100 ml of PBS, i.p.) was given to the WT mice 30 min before transplantation and every 48 hours thereafter during the entire duration of the experiments. At 20 days after the induction of GVHD, the mice were killed, the concentrations of IFN-γ (A), TNF-α (B), CCL2 (C), CCL3 (D) and CCL5 (E) in the liver were evaluated by ELISA, and the levels of reactive oxygen species were evaluated by fluorescence units in the liver (F). The results are shown as the mean ± SEM (n = 6). * and #P <0,05 compared with the control and GVHD groups, respectively.</p