Antitumor properties of a new non-anticoagulant heparin analog from the mollusk Nodipecten nodosus: Effect on P-selectin, heparanase, metastasis and cellular recruitment

Inflammation and cancer are related pathologies acting synergistically to promote tumor progression. In both, hematogenous metastasis and inflammation, P-selectin participates in interactions involving tumor cells, platelets, leukocytes and endothelium. Heparin has been shown to inhibit P-selectin and as a consequence it blunts metastasis and inflammation. Some heparin analogs obtained from marine invertebrates are P-selectin inhibitors and do not induce bleeding effects. The present work focuses on the P-selectin blocking activity of a unique heparan sulfate (HS) from the bivalve mollusk Nodipecten nodosus. Initially, we showed that the mollusk HS inhibited LS180 colon carcinoma cell adhesion to immobilized P-selectin in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, we demonstrated that this glycan attenuates leukocyte rolling on activated endothelium and inflammatory cell recruitment in thioglycollate-induced peritonitis in mice. Biochemical analysis indicated that the invertebrate glycan also inhibits heparanase, a key player in cell invasion and metastasis. Experimental metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma cells was drastically attenuated by the mollusk HS through a mechanism involving inhibition of platelet-tumor-cell complex formation in blood vessels. These data suggest that the mollusk HS is a potential alternative to heparin for inhibiting P-selectin-mediated events such as metastasis and inflammatory cell recruitmen

ÓBITOS POR PNEUMONIA ADQUIRIDA NA COMUNIDADE: ESTUDO EPIDEMIOLÓGICO NO SERTÃO CENTRAL CEARENSE

As pneumonias são provocadas pela penetração de um agente infeccioso ou irritante (bactérias, vírus, fungos e por reações alérgicas) no espaço alveolar, onde ocorre a troca gasosa.Segundo a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), a cada ano, morre 1,6 milhão de pessoas no mundo. De acordo com dados do Ministério da Saúde, a doença foi a terceira principal causa de mortes no Brasil, em 2013. Este estudo tem por objetivo descrever os dados epidemiológicos de mortalidade de pacientes notificados por Pneumonia Adquirida na comunidade (PAC) nos municípios que compõem o Sertão Central Cearense. Trata-se de um estudo documental e explicativo, com abordagem quantitativa. Utilizaram-se informações provenientes do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde do Brasil (DATASUS), sendo adquiridas através dos dados de Informações em Saúde (TABNET). Foram incluídos todos os óbitos ocasionados por pneumonia que ocorreram nos anos de 2008 a 2015. De acordo com os dados obtidos e informados, os municípios de Quixadá e Quixeramobim apresentaram o maior índice de casos de óbito por PAC, sendo 271 confirmados em Quixadá, e 224 em Quixeramobim. Comparados com as demais cidades, possuem maior índices de industrialização, comércio, logísticas, e isso influencia diretamente na vida da população, favorecendo o surgimento de patologias respiratórias. Conclui-se que os óbitos por PAC do Sertão Central Cearense geraram muitas reflexões dos fatores que os influenciam. Ainda se faz necessário a realização de mais estudos epidemiológicos da região do Sertão Central Cearense

Conhecimento dos enfermeiros sobre a coleta da gasometria arterial em unidades de terapia intensiva de um hospital público da Amazônia ocidental: Nurses' knowledge about the collection of arterial blood gases in intensive care units of a public hospital in the western Amazon

É importante que o profissional enfermeiro que detêm conhecimento técnico cientifico faça valer suas práticas éticas e bioéticas, respeitando os doentes em todos os seus aspectos e valores, minimizando através dos recursos disponíveis toda dor e sofrimento que possa ser causado ao paciente (OUCHI et al., 2018). Dentro deste contexto, esta pesquisa se volta a responder a seguinte questao: Os enfermeiros que atuam na coleta de gasometria arterial detêm conhecimento teórico cientifico categórico para tal prática executando a técnica correta?O objetivo geral deste estudo foi avaliar o conhecimento teórico-prático dos enfermeiros das unidades de terapia intensiva acerca da coleta de rotina da gasometria arterial. O presente estudo foi realizado nas Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Adulto (UTI 1 e 2) do Hospital Regional de Cacoal (HRC) que se encontra localizado no município de Cacoal situado na região sul de Rondônia. O HRC é referência para 34 munícipios de Rondônia atendendo média e alta complexidade, abrangendo uma população de cerca de 752.000 habitantes, possui no total 18 leitos de UTI adulto com demanda para pacientes graves que necessitam de cuidados intensivos.Diante dos resultados obtidos através da aplicação do questionário, bem como do check list, observou-se que os enfermeiros que atuam na coleta de rotina da gasometria arterial nas unidades de terapia intensiva apresentam déficit no conhecimento teórico cientifico e na execução da técnica correta comprometendo a confiabilidade da amostra

DOMESTIC VIOLENCE (AGAINST WOMEN) IN BRAZIL IN PANDEMIC TIMES (COVID-19)

A pandemia da Covid-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019), causada pelo corona vírus (SARS-CoV-2) já registra casos em quase todo o mundo. A Covid-19 é uma doença respiratória de alto potencial de contágio. Diante desse quadro de ameaça à saúde global, governos têm adotado diversas medidas, dentre elas o isolamento social, apontado pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) como uma das estratégias mais eficazes na contenção da propagação viral. O isolamento consiste na manutenção das pessoas em suas residências. Porém, enquanto para alguns o isolamento representa proteção diante da Covid-19, para outras populações tal situação se configura como ameaça, como nos casos de violência doméstica. Tal tipo de violência se configura como um fenômeno complexo que pode atingir diferentes populações (crianças, mulheres, idosos). Em razão disso, no presente trabalho discutiremos sobre a violência que atinge as mulheres. Autoridades especializadas têm alertado para o aumento no número de casos de violência doméstica durante a pandemia. O objetivo do presente trabalho é discutir estratégias de enfrentamento à violência contra a mulher em situações de isolamento social por conta da pandemia. Discute-se desde a atuação conjunta de órgãos que visem assegurar a integridade física e psicológica, até possíveis contribuições da Análise do Comportamento para tais estratégias, reforçando o compromisso político do (a) analista do comportamento diante de questões sociais relevantes. Esperamos que as discussões levantadas no presente trabalho possam auxiliar no planejamento de medidas protetivas que, se eficazes, permaneçam após a pandemia.Palavras-chave: Análise do Comportamento; Violência Doméstica; Pandemia; Covid-19.The pandemic of COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019), caused by the corona virus - (SARS-CoV-2) is already registering cases almost all over the world. COVID-19 is a respiratory disease with a high potential for contagion. Faced with this situation of threat to global health, governments have adopted several measures, including social isolation, pointed out by the World Health Organization (WHO) as one of the most effective strategies to contain viral spread. Isolation consists of keeping people in their homes. However, while for some isolation represents protection from COVID-19, for other populations this situation is a threat, as in cases of domestic violence. This type of violence is configured as a complex phenomenon that can affect different populations (children, women, the elderly). As a result of this, we will discuss about the violence that affects women. Specialized authorities have warned of an increase in the number of cases of domestic violence during the pandemic. The objective of the present work is to discuss strategies to face violence against women in situations of social isolation due to the pandemic. It is discussed since joint action of institutions that aim to ensure physical and psychological integrity, until possible contributions of Behavior Analysis to such strategies, reinforcing the behavior analyst's political commitment to relevant social issues. We hope that the discussions raised in the present work can assist in planning protective measures that, if effective, remain after the pandemic.Keywords: Behavior Analysis; Domestic violence; Pandemic; COVID-19.

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Níveis disfuncionais de ansiedade relacionada ao Coronavírus em estudantes de medicina: Dysfunctional levels of Coronavirus-related anxiety in medical students

As preocupações com a saúde mental das pessoas afetadas pela pandemia de coronavírus não foram abordadas adequadamente. Isso é surpreendente, uma vez que tragédias em massa, particularmente aquelas que envolvem doenças infecciosas, muitas vezes desencadeiam ondas de medo e ansiedade elevados que são conhecidos por causar perturbações maciças no comportamento e no bem-estar psicológico de muitos na população. Assim, o objetivo desse trabalho é demonstrar os níveis disfuncionais de ansiedade relacionada ao coronavírus em estudantes de medicina. Para isso, foi realizado uma revisão sistemática sobre a temática

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Syndecan heparan sulfate proteoglycans:Regulation, signaling and impact on tumor biology

Virtually all animal cells express heparan sulfate proteoglycans on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix. Syndecans are a major group of transmembrane proteoglycans functioning as receptors that mediate signal transmission from the extracellular microenvironment to the cell. Their heparan sulfate chains, due to their vast structural diversity, interact with a wide array of ligands including potent regulators of adhesion, migration, growth and survival. Frequently, ligands interact with cell surface heparan sulfate in conjunction with high affinity receptors. The consequent signaling can therefore be complex, but it is now known that syndecans are capable of independent signaling. This review is divided in two sections, and will first discuss how the assembly of heparan sulfate, the anabolic process, encodes information related to ligand binding and signaling. Second, we discuss how, in partial catabolic processes, new roles for HSPGs emerge that affect cell behavior. Examples from tumor studies are emphasized, since HSPGs may be altered in composition and distribution and may also represent targets for the development of new therapeutics

A Methylene Blue-Enhanced Nanostructured Electrochemical Immunosensor for H-FABP Myocardial Injury Biomarker

A sensitive electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of the heart-type fatty acid binding protein (HFABP), an earlier biomarker for acute myocardial infarction than Troponins, is described. The sensing platform was enhanced with methylene blue (MB) redox coupled to carbon nanotubes (CNT) assembled on a polymer film of polythionine (PTh). For this strategy, monomers of thionine rich in amine groups were electrosynthesized by cyclic voltammetry on the immunosensor’s gold surface, forming an electroactive film with excellent electron transfer capacity. Stepwise sensor surface preparation was electrochemically characterized at each step and scanning electronic microscopy was carried out showing all the preparation steps. The assembled sensor platform combines MB and PTh in a synergism, allowing sensitive detection of the H-FABP in a linear response from 3.0 to 25.0 ng∙mL−1 with a limit of detection of 1.47 ng∙mL−1 HFABP that is similar to the clinical level range for diagnostics. H-FABP is a newer powerful biomarker for distinguishing between unstable angina and acute myocardial infarction