Imperialismo Tardio: notas sobre o seu debate recente

This article aims to present part of the debate, during the 2010s, between economists and Marxist social scientists about contemporary imperialism. We focus on contributions from collaborating intellectuals of the Monthly Review journal, such as Samir Amin, Prabhat Patnaik, Utsa Patnaik, John Smith, and Intan Suwandi, and their formulations about late-imperialism, that is, the mature phase and apex of imperialist domination in the world economy. These authors propose to update the theory of imperialism through new research and theoretical categories with different levels of abstraction such as global labor arbitrage, globalization of the law of value, income deflation in peripheral countries, global labor value chains, etc. In the end, we present, in general lines, the controversies of these authors with the geographer David Harvey about the actuality of imperialism as a theoretical category.Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar parte del debate, durante la década de 2010, entre economistas y científicos sociales marxistas sobre el imperialismo contemporáneo. Nos centramos en las contribuciones de los intelectuales colaboradores de la revista Monthly Review, como Samir Amin, Prabhat Patnaik, Utsa Patnaik, John Smith e Intan Suwandi y sus formulaciones sobre el imperialismo tardío, es decir, la fase de madurez y cúspide de la dominación imperialista en el mundo. Estos autores proponen actualizar la teoría del imperialismo a través de nuevas investigaciones y categorías teóricas con diferentes niveles de abstracción como el arbitraje laboral global, la globalización de la ley del valor, la deflaciónde ingresos en países periféricos, cadenas de valor laborales globales, etc. , presentamos, em líneas generales, las controversias de estos autores con el geógrafo David Harvey sobre la actualidad del imperialismo como categoría teórica.O presente artigo versa por apresentar parte do debate, durante a década de 2010, entre economistas e cientistas sociais marxistas sobre o imperialismo contemporâneo. Concentramos-nos nas contribuições de intelectuais colaboradores da revista Monthly Review, como Samir    Amin, Prabhat Patnaik, Utsa Patnaik, John Smith e Intan Suwandi e suas formulações acerca do tardo-imperialismo, isto é, a fase madura e o ápice da dominação imperialista na economia mundial. Esses autores se propõem a atualizar a teoria do imperialismo através de novas pesquisas e categorias teóricas com níveis de abstração distintos como a arbitragem global do trabalho, mundialização da lei do valor, deflação da renda nos países periféricos, cadeias globais de valor-trabalho, etc. Ao fim apresentamos, em linhas gerais, as polêmicas desses autores com o geógrafo David Harvey a cerca da atualidade do imperialismo como categoria teórica

A Lava Jato na economia política do Imperialismo Tardio

O presente artigo tem como objetivo demonstrar – a luz da atualização da categoria de imperialismo tardio – a funcionalidade da Operação Lava Jato para a efetivação da radicalização da inserção periférica e dependente da economia brasileira no mercado internacional, a partir, por um lado, da criminalização das políticas de industriais – sobretudo – de investimento no setor de petróleo e gás; na política de conteúdo local; na regressão produtiva e tecnológica e no processo de concentração e centralização de capital mediante o avanço nas fusões e aquisições no setor. Por outro lado, a radicalização da subordinação dependente teve como peça fundamental um novo arranjo no seio do Estado capitalista periférico, sobretudo pós 2016, partir da renovação das alianças entre as classes dominantes locais e o tardo-imperialismo, assim como mais uma “subversão constitucional” em prol da edificação do fiscalismo econômico como política econômic

Desafios regulatórios à promoção da fonte solar fotovoltaica no Brasil

O presente trabalho tem como propósito investigar desafios relacionados ao processo de transição energética no Brasil, especialmente para a energia solar fotovoltaica (FV). A metodologia pretende analisar, a partir de modelos de tratamento de dados multicritério, o contexto regulatório, técnico e socioeconômico brasileiro, assim como caracterizar as vantagens e as desvantagens de longo prazo a consumidoras e concessionárias. Este resumo apresenta uma breve descrição da proposta de pesquisa e suas etapas, onde o objetivo principal é mostrar que o processo de transição energética para a fonte FV depende fortemente de incentivos governamentais, além da atuação integrada de vários atores envolvidos na cadeia transição

Agricultura sostenible en tierras semiáridas cálidas

El objetivo de este ensayo fue realizar una síntesis de la agricultura sostenible en el estado de Ceará, Región Semiárida de Brasil, desde la agroecología. Resulta de un esfuerzo colaborativo entre organizaciones del desarrollo rural e instituciones de enseñanza e investigación y toma por base resultados de debate y de investigación, materiales de enseñanza y la bibliografía. Debido a la severidad del clima y las inciertas condiciones socioeconómicas y políticas, la agricultura en la región semiárida de Brasil se caracteriza por un bajo uso de recursos financieros, agricultura de secano y producción ganadera extensiva. Alrededor del 70% de los productores son agricultores familiares, que producen maíz y frijoles en áreas pequeñas, sin asistencia técnica, la mayoría de ellos practicando la agricultura de subsistencia. La ganadería extensiva se basa en el pastoreo de vegetación nativa y los pastos degradados son frecuentes. El análisis realizado sugiere que la agricultura sostenible en Ceará pasa por un proceso de construcción de conocimiento y conciencia agroecológica, a partir de las prácticas y del debate sobre la convivencia con las condiciones de semiaridez. El uso de especies animales y vegetales adaptadas, la conservación de suelos y aguas, la conservación local y el aumento de la agrobiodiversidad y la integración entre las actividades agrícolas, el procesamiento y la comercialización han sido señaladas como estrategias para mejorar la sostenibilidad de la agricultura en la región. Así, aparentemente, se está produciendo un cambio hacia una racionalidad socioambiental de la sostenibilidad, opuesta a la noción de combate a la sequía. Esos cambios, impulsados por las bases, tienen lugar en medio a proposiciones contradictorias de los gobiernos federal y estadual que se alían y benefician al agronegocio con grandes volúmenes de inversión pública, por un lado, y destinan modestos recursos a la agricultura sostenible, por otro.The objective of this essay was to carry out a synthesis of sustainable agriculture in the state of Ceará, Semiarid Region of Brazil, from the perspective of agroecology. It is the result of a collaborative effort between rural development organizations and teaching and research institutions and is based on the results of debates and research, teaching materials and the bibliography. Due to climate severity and uncertain socioeconomic and political conditions, agriculture in the semiarid region of Brazil is characterized by the low use of financial resources, rainfed agriculture and extensive livestock farming. About 70% of the producers are family farmers, who grow corn and beans in small areas, without technical assistance, most of them practicing subsistence agriculture. Extensive livestock farming is based on grazing native vegetation and there are often degraded pastures. The following analysis suggests that sustainable agriculture in Ceará goes through a process of building agroecological knowledge and awareness, based on practices and debates on how to coexist with the semiarid condition. The use of adapted plant and animal species, soil and water conservation, the local preservation and increase of agrobiodiversity and integration between agricultural, processing and commercialization activities have been pointed out as strategies to improve agriculture sustainability in the region. Thus, apparently, there is a shift towards a socio-environmental rationality for sustainability, as opposed to the notion of fighting drought. These changes in basis take place amid contradictory proposals from the federal and state governments which are allied with and benefit agribusiness with large volumes of public investment, on the one hand, and allocate modest resources to sustainable agriculture on the other

The success rate of the adhesive partial fixed prosthesis after five years: a systematic review

Objective: Evaluation of the success and/or survival rates of resin-bonded fixed partial dentures (RBFPDs) reported in the scientific literature with a minimum average observation time of five years. Materials and Methods: Search conducted in Pubmed, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases in free-text format and MESH terms, until May 2021. The random-effects model was used for the estimated survival rate, percentage per year of estimated failure, and existing complications for the meta-analysis. Study heterogeneity was assessed by the inconsistency test (I2) and study quality by the Downs and Black scale. Results: Eleven articles were included, with 687 participants and 783 RBFPDs, with a mean observation time of 8.2 years, with success rates mentioned in three articles and survival rates reported in nine articles. A total of 142 failures were reported for 783 prostheses, the most frequent being debonding. The estimated failure rate was between 0.53% and 5.10% per year. The studies were of sufficient quality. In the meta-analysis, the survival rates showed a significant result (p < 0.001), with moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 58.76%). Conclusions: Within the limitations of this research, mainly related to the heterogeneity of the studies and their quality, it seems possible to conclude that RBFPDs are a viable clinical option for the rehabilitation of patients with single edentulous spaces, mainly when using a single retainer and a zirconia-ceramic prosthesis.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Operational Performance of an AnaerobicAnoxic-Aerobic Treatment System

Um sistema anaeróbio (UASB) - híbrido aeróbio (lodo ativado com biomassa suspensa e aderidaligado) foi avaliado na remoção de matéria orgânica, sólidos e nitrogênio após sua fase pré-operacional. As análises foram feitas semanalmente com base em amostras compostas, preparadas por amostras individuais coletadas a cada quatro horas, durante o ciclo de 24 horas, ponderadas pela vazão, em cada ponto de monitoramento (esgoto bruto, UASB, câmara anóxica, reatores aeróbios, linha de recirculação de lodo decantadores secundários e efluente final). A ETE apresentou uma vazão média de 908 m3/h com picos entre 10 e 14 h. A DBO foi removida em 86 % (310 para 41 mg/L), sendo a maior parcela nos reatores UASB (70 %) e a remoção de sólidos suspensos totais atingiu 63 % (190 a 94 mg/L). A remoção média de TKN (71 %) e Amônia (77 %) foi superior ao valor predito pelo projeto e, provavelmente, o processo de nitrificação-desnitrificação não foi a rota dominante.An anaerobic (UASB) – hybrid aerobic (suspended and attached growth activated sludge) wastewater treatment system was evaluated on the removal of organic matter, solids and nitrogen following its pre-operational phase. Analysis were made weekly based on composite samples, prepared by grab samples taken every four hours, during 24-hour cycle, weighted by flow rate, on each monitoring point (raw sewage, UASB, anoxic chamber, aerobic reactors, return sludge from secondary decanters and final effluent). The plant presented an average flow rate of 908 m3/h with peaks from 10 to 14 h. BOD was removed by 86 % (310 to 41 mg/L) being the highest parcel accounted by UASB reactors (70 %) and removal of total suspended solids reached 63 % (190 to 94 mg/L). Mean removals of TKN (71 %) and Ammonium (77 %) were above the value predicted by design and, probably the nitrification-denitrification process was not the dominant route

IMP dehydrogenase rod/ring structures in acral melanomas

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) is a rare subtype of melanoma with aggressive behavior. IMPDH enzyme, involved in de novo GTP biosynthesis, has been reported to assemble into large filamentary structures called rods/rings (RR) or cytoophidium (cellular snakes). RR assembly induces a hyperactive state in IMPDH, usually to supply a high demand for GTP nucleotides, such as in highly proliferative cells. We investigate whether aggressive melanoma tumor cells present IMPDH-based RR structures. Forty-five ALM paraffin-embedded tissue samples and 59 melanocytic nevi were probed with anti-IMPDH2 antibody. Both the rod- and ring-shaped RR could be observed, with higher frequency in ALM. ROC curve analyzing the proportions of RR-positive cells in ALM versus nevi yielded a 0.88 AUC. Using the cutoff of 5.5% RR-positive cells, there was a sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 85% for ALM diagnosis. In ALM, 36 (80%) showed RR frequency above the cutoff, being classified as RR-positive, compared with only 9 (15%) of the nevi (p 4.0mm, compared with only 29% in the RR-low/negative (p = .039). We propose that screening for RR structures in biopsy specimens may be a valuable tool helping differentiate ALM from nevi and accessing tumor malignancy

Impactos ambientais e vantagens comparativas do transporte hidroviário em relação a outros modos de transporte no sul do Brasil

The article aims to analyze the environmental impacts, the costs, the advantages and disadvantages of using the waterway transport mode relative to other modes of transport available in the south of Rio Grande do Sul region, especially in Pelotas, Rio Grande and Charquedas. The research has a qualitative approach and use the method of case study. The data collection technique was conducting interviews with various managers of Alpha Company, as well as conducting on site observation and document analysis. After analyzing the results obtained from the interviews, we drew a parallel with the theoretical background and we came to the conclusion that the waterway logistics is a viable option in reducing transport costs, because it provides reduced operating costs in order 40 % compared with road transportation. Still, the carbon dioxide emission reduction in the atmosphere is significant, because each barge carries the equivalent to loads of 140 trucks. However, it points out the need for public policies that encourage the use of the waterway mode by companies, especially in the area analyzed.Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar os impactos ambientais, os custos, as vantagens e as desvantagens da utilização do transporte hidroviário em relação aos demais modos de transporte disponíveis na região sul do Rio Grande Sul, especialmente na cidade de Pelotas. Para isso, realizou-se uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, caracterizada como um estudo de caso. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas com os diferentes gestores da empresa Alpha, bem como de observação in loco e análise de documentos. Depois de analisar os resultados obtidos nas entrevistas, traçou-se um paralelo com o referencial teórico e chegou-se à conclusão de que a logística hidroviária é uma opção viável à redução dos custos de transportes, uma vez que proporciona uma redução de 40% nos custos operacionais em comparação ao transporte rodoviário. Além disso, a redução na emissão de gás carbônico na atmosfera é significativa, porque cada barcaça transporta o equivalente às cargas de 140 caminhões. Contudo, ainda são necessárias políticas públicas que incentivem o uso do transporte hidroviário por parte das empresas, em especial na região pesquisada

Variation of the Anthropometric Index for pectus excavatum relative to age, race, and sex

OBJECTIVES: To determine possible variations in the Anthropometric Index for pectus excavatum relative to age, race, and sex in individuals free of thoracic wall deformities. METHODS: Between 2002 and 2012, 166 individuals with morphologically normal thoracic walls consented to have their chests and the perimeter of the lower third of the thorax measured according to the Anthropometric Index for pectus excavatum. The participant characteristics are presented (114 men and 52 women; 118 Caucasians and 48 people of African descent). RESULTS: Measurements of the Anthropometric Index for pectus excavatum were statistically significantly different between men and women (11-40 years old); however, no significant difference was found between Caucasians and people of African descent. For men, the index measurements were not significantly different across all of the age groups. For women, the index measurements were significantly lower for individuals aged 3 to 10 years old than for individuals aged 11 to 20 years old and 21 to 40 years old; however, no such difference was observed between women aged 11 to 20 years old and those aged 21 to 40 years old. CONCLUSION: In the sample, significant differences were observed between women aged 11 to 40 years old and the other age groups; however, there was no difference between Caucasian and people of African descent