Movind the Debate Forward. Interculturalism's contribution to multiculturalism

In this article, we compare Ricard Zappata-Barrero’s interculturalism with Tariq Modood’s multiculturalism. We will discuss the relation between distinct elements that compose both positions. We examine how recent discussions on interculturalism have the potential to contribute to theories of multiculturalism without undermining their core principles. Our position is close to that of Modood’s as he has already carefully tried to incorporate interculturalist insights into his own multiculturalism. Yet we provide a raise a few questions regarding Modood’s treatment of the relation between multiculturalism and interculturalism. After summarizing each author’s potion (I), we will comment on the following set of relations between their basic elements: (II) The relation between intercultural contact and intercultural dialogue; (III) The relation between contact at the local level and the societal/state level; (IV) The relation between group-specific measures, intercultural contact and mainstreaming

LA QUALITE, LA QUALIFICATION ET L'ACTION COLLECTIVE DANS LES PROCESSUS D'INNOVATION ET D'ACTIVATION DES SYAL LE CAS DES FROMAGERIES RURALES EN AMERIQUE LATINE

N° ISBN - 978-2-7380-1284-5International audienceSince the late nineties in Latin America, a new way of Rural Agro-Industry (RAI) development has been opened with Localized Agri-food Systems (SYAL in French). It appeared from existing relationships between geographical concentrations of RAI and the territory and with the idea of coping with new challenges brought about by globalization. This perspective is particularly relevant in the dairy and cheese dairy sectors. The main objective of this paper is to present an analysis of cheese dairy Localized Agri-food Systems activation, based on various case studies in Latin America that were presented during a workshop held in Toluca, Mexico, in November 2009. We highlight the necessary conditions to land resources activation in the strategies of local development based on the relationship between the territory and food products. In particular, we try to show that the various forms of the articulation between territory and value chain on the one hand, and the constitution of external or internal social networks on the other hand, largely determine the modality of collective actions and their results. In the specific case of milk that we are dealing with, it appears that the basis of local development process rests on the co-construction of a territorialized resource connected with quality and know-haw, such as collective trademarks, registered designation of origin and geographical indication of origin

SYAL : UN NOUVEL OUTIL POUR LE DEVELOPPEMENT DE TERRITOIRES MARGINAUX. LES LEÇONS DE L'ALLIANCE DES AGRO-INDUSTRIES RURALES DE LA SELVA LACANDONA, CHIAPAS.

N° ISBN - 978-2-7380-1284-5International audienceSince its beginnings in the eighties, Rural Agro-Industry (RAI) has emerged as an effective way to fight against poverty in marginalized rural areas, because of its ability to contribute to the overall improvement of small producers' living conditions. This development tool has been completed in the nineties by the Localized Agri-food Systems concept (SYAL in French) and the process of their activation. From the experience of a RAI development project promoted in the Selva Lacandona (Chiapas, Mexico), we present some lessons learned from this development project. One of the principal results was to identify and define the conditions of RAI sustainability in the Selva Lacandona. If economics profitability of the micro-enterprises proved to be essential to ensure their viability, it does not seem central as it doesn't represent a real problem. On the other hand, two aspects appeared to be fundamental to guarantee the RAI sustainable development in such marginalized region: the necessity of a prior favorable environment, in particular trough the presence of functional local public goods, and the resolution of organization and leadership problems

Scaling smallholder tree cover restoration across the tropics

Restoring tree cover in tropical countries has the potential to benefit millions of smallholders through improvements in income and environmental services. However, despite their dominant landholding shares in many countries, smallholders' role in restoration has not been addressed in prior global or pan-tropical restoration studies. We fill this lacuna by using global spatial data on trees and people, national indicators of enabling conditions, and micro-level expert information. We find that by 2050, low-cost restoration is feasible within 280, 200, and 60 million hectares of tropical croplands, pasturelands, and degraded forestlands, respectively. Such restoration could affect 210 million people in croplands, 59 million people in pasturelands and 22 million people in degraded forestlands. This predominance of low-cost restoration opportunity in populated agricultural lands has not been revealed by prior analyses of tree cover restoration potential. In countries with low-cost tropical restoration potential, smallholdings comprise a significant proportion of agricultural lands in Asia (∼76 %) and Africa (∼60 %) but not the Americas (∼3%). Thus, while the Americas account for approximately half of 21st century tropical deforestation, smallholder-based reforestation may play a larger role in efforts to reverse recent forest loss in Asia and Africa than in the Americas. Furthermore, our analyses show that countries with low-cost restoration potential largely lack policy commitments or smallholder supportive institutional and market conditions. Discussions among practitioners and researchers suggest that four principles - partnering with farmers and prioritizing their preferences, reducing uncertainty, strengthening markets, and mobilizing innovative financing - can help scale smallholder-driven restoration in the face of these challenges

La concentración de agroindustrias rurales de producción de quesos en el noroeste del Estado de México: un estudio de caracterización

El propósito de este documento es contribuir al conocimiento sobre el funcionamiento y la dinámica de la agroindustria rural localizada en territorios específicos. Más allá de las cuestiones de rentabilidad y apoyándose en el enfoque de Sistemas Agroalimentarios Localizados, se pretende mostrar las características particulares de la concentración de agroindustrias especializadas de producción de quesos del municipio de Aculco, Estado de México. Se realizó un diagnóstico considerando los recursos específicos de la zona, los actores económicos que interactúan en la cadena productiva local, los productos lácteos y la tecnología empleada en el proceso de elaboración. Se estableció una tipología de las empresas, denominándolas artesanales, diversificadas y comerciales. Las queserías se diferenciaron por el volumen de leche procesada, número de productos lácteos fabricados, tipo de mano de obra, uso de leche en polvo, utilización de descremadora y la actividad organizativa. La agroindustria constituyó la parte central del sistema agroalimentario local dado que los eslabones articulados a ella (productores de leche y recolectores) interactuaron sólo como proveedores de materia prima

Black-spruce-lichen woodlands growth and carbon drawdown potentials as revealed by mature stands

The afforestation of widely distributed boreal open woodlands such as lichen woodlands (LWs) could provide both a restoration of the closed-crown forest structure in the boreal forest and a mitigation measure against global warming. By comparing natural, mature stands of LW with their dense counterparts — black-spruce–feathermoss stands as a plantation surrogate — this study aims to validate the long-term LW growth support capacity for a high tree density and their carbon sequestration potential after afforestation. Our results reveal that the site potential of LWs can be either lower or equivalent to that of dense stands. This finding contradicts the paradigm of systematic lower tree growth in LWs. The site potential of LWs can be assessed by dominant tree volume at 50 years. This study also shows that the CBM-CFS3 model can simulate the conservative net carbon balance of afforested LW, and, as such, can help reduce uncertainties regarding the long-term net carbon drawdown of afforested LWs

Preparation for an Half-Ironmantm Triathlon amongst Amateur Athlete: Finishing rate and physiological adaptation.

International Journal of Exercise Science 13(6): 766-777, 2020. Long distance triathlon has gained in popularity amongst the general population. Coaches establish training programs based upon their knowledge, personal experience and on current training principles. The goal was to observe the effect of a triathlon training program for a half Ironman event in neophyte amateur athletes. A specific triathlon training program was followed from February to June 2016 by a group preparing for their first half ironman. Out of the 32 participants (19 Males and 13 Females; mean age of 39 ± 9.9 years old; body weight of 72.7 ± 13.4 kg and a height of 171.5 ± 10.2 cm), only one did not complete the event. A mean training volume of 410 ± 201 min per week led to a mean finishing time of 6 hours 28 minutes. The training program significantly increased the maximal oxygen consumption (45.9 ± 8.2 to 48.6 ± 7.5 ml/kg/min, p =0.002) and the maximal power output (293.1 ± 63.7 to 307.8 ± 58.7 W, p \u3c 0.001). The absolute oxygen consumption and power output at both ventilatory thresholds also significantly increased (VT1: 2.2 ± 0.4 to 2.5 ± 0.5 L, p = 0.001; 157.8 ± 41.8 to 176.7 ± 41.1 W p = 0.009 and VT2: 2.9 ± 0.4 to 3.0 ± 0.4 L, p = 0.017; 229.3 ± 62.0 to 244.8± 55.2 W, p = 0.022 ). A significant diminution of waist circumference was observed (83.2 ± 10.0 to 81.8 ± 9.5 cm, p = 0.032) with no significant changes in body weight. Thus, a 24-week specific training program appears to be safe and efficient for amateur athletes aiming to finish their first half- Ironman event

Laser Light Scattering, from an Advanced Technology Development Program to Experiments in a Reduced Gravity Environment

Recent advancements in laser light scattering hardware are described. These include intelligent single card correlators; active quench/active reset avalanche photodiodes; laser diodes; and fiber optics which were used by or developed for a NASA advanced technology development program. A space shuttle experiment which will employ aspects of these hardware developments is previewed