Profils des consommateurs de pornographie juvénile arrêtés au Québec : l’explorateur, le pervers et le polymorphe

La pornographie juvénile existe depuis fort longtemps, mais elle est devenue plus accessible depuis l’arrivée d’Internet. Dans le cadre de la présente étude, l’objectif principal est de décrire et d’analyser les caractéristiques des personnes qui ont été mises en cause dans une affaire de pornographie juvénile au Québec entre 1998 et 2004. L’échantillon final se compose de 192 sujets. Une analyse taxinomique utilisant différentes variables a été réalisée de manière à dégager une typologie des sujets. Les résultats dévoilent trois types de personnes soit l’explorateur, le pervers (solitaire ou organisé) et le polymorphe. Ces trois groupes se distinguent sur le plan de l’âge, des technologies utilisées et des antécédents criminels. Les sujets dits polymorphes, bien que peu nombreux, sont ceux qui ont le plus d’antécédents d’agressions sexuelles. Ce dernier groupe se distingue aussi par une histoire criminelle variée. Les limites des données sont abordées en conclusion.Child pornography has existed for a long time but has become more easily available since the arrival of the Internet. This study aims at describing the characteristics of persons arrested for a crime of child pornography in the province of Québec between 1998 and 2004. The final sample consists of 192 persons. A cluster analysis performed on various variables provided us with three distinct groups : the explorer, the pervert (isolated or organized) and the polymorph. These groups are mainly distinct on age, the technology used and their criminal career. The polymorphs, though they are less numerous, have the most important history of conviction in sexual and non-sexual crimes. This latest group possesses also a varied life history of crime. Limitations of the results are discussed in the conclusion

Les voies de fait au jour le jour : l'influence du temps sur les voies de fait à Montréal en 1995

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal

C’est ma collection mais c’est bien plus que ça : analyse des processus de collecte et de l’évolution des images dans les collections de pornographie juvénile

Cette thèse de doctorat analyse les processus et les actions des consommateurs de pornographie juvénile. Nous soutenons que l’univers des collectionneurs de pornographie juvénile se distingue par trois particularités : la préférence sexuelle, l’offre pornographique dans un monde immatériel et la sociabilité virtuelle. Afin de mettre cette thèse à l’épreuve, nous avons eu accès aux disques durs de 40 personnes condamnées pour des infractions de pornographie juvénile. La méthode de l’analyse informatique judiciaire (computer forensics) utilisée dans ce contexte a permis de recréer les événements entourant la collection d’images par ces personnes. De plus, un échantillon des images possédées par ces individus a été catégorisé selon l’âge et les actes posés sur les images (n = 61 244). En plus des nombreux points qu’il a en commun avec les collectionneurs d’objets populaires, les résultats montrent l’importance de la préférence sexuelle dans la perception et les stratégies du collectionneur, l’omniprésence des images de pornographie adulte dans les collections et la sociabilité virtuelle comme mesure d’efficacité dans la découverte des contenus. En outre, en créant quatre groupes différents en fonction de l’évolution de la gravité des images dans le temps, nous avons découvert que le groupe où il y a aggravation à la fois dans l’âge et dans la gravité des actes posés est le groupe le plus nombreux, avec 37,5 % des sujets. Les résultats de l’étude mettent également en évidence la pertinence de l’utilisation de l’informatique judiciaire dans les études en criminologie.This thesis analyzes the practices and actions of consumers of child pornography. We suggest that three aspects characterize the child pornography collector’s world: sexual preference, the pornographic offering in an immaterial world and virtual sociability. To put this theory to the test, the hard drives of 40 persons convicted of child pornography offences were studied. Computer forensic techniques were used to recreate the events surrounding the collection of images by these persons. In addition, a sample of pictures owned by these individuals was categorized by age and by the actions portrayed in the images (n = 61244). Aside from sharing many common characteristics with popular items collectors, the results show the importance of sexual preference in the perception and strategies of the collector, the omnipresence of images of adult pornography in the collections and virtual sociability as a measure of efficiency in content discovery. Moreover, once four different groups were created based on the progression of the severity of images over time, it was observed that the group in which there was an exacerbation in both the age and the severity of the acts was the largest group: 37.5 % of all subjects. The results of this study suggest the relevance to use computer forensic in criminology studies

The dark side of supergiant High-Mass X-ray Binaries

High Mass X-ray Binaries (HMXB) have been revealed by a wealth of multi-wavelength observations, from X-ray to optical and infrared domain. After describing the 3 different kinds of HMXB, we focus on 3 HMXB hosting supergiant stars: IGR J16320-4751, IGR J16465-4507 and IGR J16318-4848, respectively called “The Good”, “The Bad” and “The Ugly”. We review in these proceedings what the observations of these sources have brought to light concerning our knowledge of HMXB, and what part still remains in the dark side. Many questions are still pending, related to accretion processes, stellar wind properties in these massive and active stars, and the overall evolution due to transfer of mass and angular momentum between the companion star and the compact object. Future observations should be able to answer these questions, which constitute the dark side of HMXB.Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomí

Mining criminal networks from unstructured text documents

Digital data collected for forensics analysis often contain valuable information about the suspects’ social networks. However, most collected records are in the form of unstructured textual data, such as e-mails, chat messages, and text documents. An investigator often has to manually extract the useful information from the text and then enter the important pieces into a structured database for further investigation by using various criminal network analysis tools. Obviously, this information extraction process is tedious and error-prone. Moreover, the quality of the analysis varies by the experience and expertise of the investigator. In this paper, we propose a systematic method to discover criminal networks from a collection of text documents obtained from a suspect’s machine, extract useful information for investigation, and then visualize the suspect’s criminal network. Furthermore, we present a hypothesis generation approach to identify potential indirect relationships among the members in the identified networks. We evaluated the effectiveness and performance of the method on a real-life cybercrimine case and some other datasets. The proposed method, together with the implemented software tool, has received positive feedback from the digital forensics team of a law enforcement unit in Canada

Synthesis of new para-aminobenzoic acid derivatives, in vitro biological evaluation and preclinical validation of DAB-2-28 as a therapeutic option for the treatment of bladder cancer

Chronic inflammation plays a crucial role in bladder cancer (BCa) development and progression. To offer a unique treatment opportunity for this type of cancer, a hydrazide derivative namely, DAB-1, was recently identified in our laboratory as a potential drug to target cancer-related inflammation. In preclinical models of murine BCa, this particular compound exhibited remarkable anticancer activities. Structurally, DAB-1 is made from para-aminobenzoic acid and bears two different components, a maleimide and a hydrazide moieties, which are critical for its anti-inflammatory activity and its anticancer properties. In order to improve its biological potential, the hydrazide moiety was further modified to provide 3 ​s-generation molecules named, DAB-2-28, DAB-2-31A, and DAB-2-31B, and two third-generation molecules named, DAB-3-27 and DAB-3-33. Data from in vitro studies revealed that, among the different DAB molecules under study, DAB-2-28 has less cytotoxic activity with greater efficiency than DAB-1 to inhibit the production of nitric oxide (NO) induced by the combination of IFNγ with TNFα, as well as the activation of pro-tumoral and pro-inflammatory signaling pathways IL6/STAT3 and TNFα/NFκB. Moreover, while DAB-2-28 exhibited similar anti-inflammatory activity in vivo to DAB-1 in a model of carrageenan-induced acute inflammation, it efficiently inhibited the expression of the enzymes iNOS and COX-2 induced by the combined activation of IFNγ with LPS in peritoneal macrophages. Notably, analysis of the growth kinetics of MB49-I tumors implanted subcutaneously in C57Bl/6 mice showed that DAB-2-28 was more efficient to inhibit tumor development. In conclusion, this study provided preclinical proof-of-principle for DAB-2-28 molecule in the treatment of BCa.Fil: Oufqir, Yassine. Université du Québec a Montreal; CanadáFil: Fortin, Laurie. Université du Québec a Montreal; CanadáFil: Girouard, Julie. Université du Québec a Montreal; CanadáFil: Cloutier, Francis. Université du Québec a Montreal; CanadáFil: Cloutier, Maude. Université du Québec a Montreal; CanadáFil: Leclerc, Marie France. Université du Québec a Montreal; CanadáFil: Belgorosky, Denise. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Oncología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Eijan, Ana Maria. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Oncología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Bérubé, Gervais. Université du Québec a Montreal; CanadáFil: Reyes-Moreno, Carlos. Université du Québec a Montreal; Canad

The Patient Enablement Instrument-French version in a family practice setting: a reliability study

Background: Patient enablement can be defined as the extent to which a patient is capable of understanding and coping with his or her health issues. This concept is linked to a number of health outcomes such as self-management of chronic diseases and quality of life. The Patient Enablement Instrument (PEI) was designed to measure this concept after a medical consultation. The instrument, in its original form and its translations into several languages, has proven to be reliable and valid. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability of the French version of the PEI (PEI-Fv) in a family practice setting. Methods: One hundred and ten participants were recruited in a family medicine clinic in the Saguenay region of Quebec (Canada). The PEI-Fv was completed twice, immediately after consultation with a physician (T1) and 2 weeks after the consultation (T2). The internal consistency of the tool was assessed with Cronbach's α and test-retest reliability by intraclass correlation coefficient. Results: The mean score for the PEI-Fv was 5.06 ± 3.97 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.30-5.81) at T1 and 4.63 ± 3.90 (95% CI: 3.82-5.44) at T2. Cronbach's α was high at T1 (α1 = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.91-0.95) and T2 (α2 = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.91-0.95). The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.62 (95% CI: 0.48-0.74), indicating a moderate test-retest reliability. Conclusions: The internal consistency of the PEI-Fv is excellent. Test-retest reliability was moderate to good. Test-retest reliability should be examined in further studies at a less than 2-week interval to reduce maturation bias. This instrument can be used to measure enablement after consultation in a French-speaking family practice setting

Protocol for a process evaluation of a cluster randomised controlled trial to improve management of multimorbidity in general practice:the 3D study

Introduction: As an increasing number of people are living with more than 1 long-term condition, identifying effective interventions for the management of multimorbidity in primary care has become a matter of urgency. Interventions are challenging to evaluate due to intervention complexity and the need for adaptability to different contexts. A process evaluation can provide extra information necessary for interpreting trial results and making decisions about whether the intervention is likely to be successful in a wider context. The 3D (dimensions of health, drugs and depression) study will recruit 32 UK general practices to a cluster randomised controlled trial to evaluate effectiveness of a patient-centred intervention. Practices will be randomised to intervention or usual care. Methods and analysis: The aim of the process evaluation is to understand how and why the intervention was effective or ineffective and the effect of context. As part of the intervention, quantitative data will be collected to provide implementation feedback to all intervention practices and will contribute to evaluation of implementation fidelity, alongside case study data. Data will be collected at the beginning and end of the trial to characterise each practice and how it provides care to patients with multimorbidity. Mixed methods will be used to collect qualitative data from 4 case study practices, purposively sampled from among intervention practices. Qualitative data will be analysed using techniques of constant comparison to develop codes integrated within a flexible framework of themes. Quantitative and qualitative data will be integrated to describe case study sites and develop possible explanations for implementation variation. Analysis will take place prior to knowing trial outcomes. Ethics and dissemination: Study approved by South West (Frenchay) National Health Service (NHS) Research Ethics Committee (14/SW/0011). Findings will be disseminated via a final report, peer-reviewed publications and practical guidance to healthcare professionals, commissioners and policymakers