Prandtl-Batchelor theorem for three-dimensional flows slowly varying in one direction and its application to vortex breakdown

In this work, the Prandtl-Batchelor theorem is extended to three-dimensional flows slowly varying in one direction by using asymptotic techniques, and thus overcoming the problem of having non-closed streamlines for recirculating three-dimensional flows. The derived equations turned out to be an analogue of the quasi-cylindrical equations used for describing behavior of streamwise vortices, rotating jets, vortex breakdown phenomenon and some other problems. Hence, the derived equations may be used for studying similar phenomena in non-axisymmetric cases. In order to apply such a system of equations to particular problems, a computational code was developed and validated by reproducing numerical results available in the literature. This code was constructed in two parts, one part considered the parabolic system of partial differential equations as decoupled from the Poisson equation and the second part solved the nonlinear Poisson equation by using an iterative method. Finally, these two algorithms were joined in order to solve the entire system. Once the code was available, it was used to investigate possible non-axisymmetric effects on the position of vortex breakdown phenomenon. The results of this study suggest that non-axisymmetric effects precipitate the onset of vortex breakdown. From all this work, two articles were written, one article was published in the Journal of Fluid Mechanics (see Appendix D) and the second article will be submitted

Know Your Status: Alleviating Stigma from the HIV Positive Community of San Luis Obispo California

The purpose of this project is to alleviate stigma from the HIV community in San Luis Obispo, CA by creating an outreach program, “Know Your Status,” that raises awareness of HIV education and prevention. Research on HIV stigma and on ideologies for program development and implementation shows that HIV positive individuals face both internalized and externalized stigma. Program development and implementation can be effective by assessing and addressing the specific needs of those living within the community. This project includes the data needed for program development and implementation, collected through anonymous surveys from HIV positive community members, interviews with professionals in the field of HIV health services, and my volunteer service at the AIDS Support Network. Compelling insights from this fieldwork research as well as from the “Know Your Status” event feedback lead to the conclusion that alleviating stigma would be most effective through education of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and by providing the community with compelling responses and messages from HIV positive community members. It is my hope that this project be used for future implementation of outreach events to educate the community and normalize the conversation in regards to HIV, thus alleviating stigma from the HIV community

Libro de actividad para el docente que quiere luchar contra el dengue.

Libro de actividades que facilitan a docente abordar la problemática del dengue en el aulaBook of activities that facilitate the teacher to address the problem of dengue in the classroom

Evaluación y diseño del sistema de drenaje pluvial para el control de la capacidad hidráulica de las cunetas del Jr. del Batán, cuadra dos

El autor no autorizó la publicación de la tesis

Inverse kinematics of a 10 DOF modular hyper-redundant robot resorting to exhaustive and error-optimization methods (a comparative study)

The present work describes and compares several approaches applied to compute the inverse kinematics of a ten degrees of freedom hyper-redundant robot. The proposed approaches are based on an exhaustive method and several error-optimization algorithms. The algorithms’ performance was evaluated based on two criteria: computational processing time and final actuator positioning error. The results obtained show that for a small number of modules (less or equal to four), the exhaustive method provides the best problem solution: acceptable computational processing time as well as minimum error. However, for larger number of modules, the error-optimization approach has far better performance regarding the error to processing time ratio. The mentioned hyper-redundant robot was projected to be used in biomedical applications. O presente trabalho descreve e compara diferentes abordagens para a obtenção da cinemática inversa de um robot hiper-redundante com dez graus de liberdade. As abordagens propostas são baseadas nos métodos exaustivo e da optimização do erro cometido. O desempenho dos algoritmos foi avaliado segundo os critérios de velocidade de processamento e erro de posição e orientação do actuador final. Os resultados obtidos mostram que para um número pequeno de módulos (igual ou menor que quatro) o método exaustivo fornece a melhor solução: tempo de processamento computacional aceitável e erro mínimo. No entanto, para um número maior de módulos, a abordagem de optimização do erro tem um melhor desempenho com respeito à relação entre o tempo de processamento e o erro final. O robot hiper-redundante mencionado está projectado para aplicações biomédicas. El presente trabajo describe y compara distintos abordajes aplicados para calcular la cinemática inversa de un robot hiper-redundante con diez grados de libertad. Los abordajes propuestos están basados en los métodos exhaustivo y de optimización del error. El desempeño de los algoritmos fue evaluado basándose en los criterios de velocidad de procesamiento y error tanto de posición como de orientación del actuador final. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que para un número pequeño de módulos (igual o menor que cuatro) el método exhaustivo provee la mejor solución: tiempo de procesamiento computacional aceptable y error mínimo. Sin embargo, para un número mayor de módulos, el abordage de optimización del error tiene un mucho mejor desempeño con respecto a la relación de tiempo de procesamiento y el error final. El robot hiper-redundante mencionado está proyectado para aplicaciones biomédicas

Water appropriation and ecosystem stewardship in the Baja Desert

The UNESCO San Francisco Rock Paintings polygon within El Vizcaino Biosphere Reserve in the Baja California Peninsula derives its moisture from the North American monsoon. There, ranchers have depended on the desert since the 18th century. More recently, the desert has depended on the environmental stewardship of the ranchers who have allayed mining exploitation and archaeological looting. Using a Rapid Assessment Procedure (RAP), climate data, and geographical information, sustainability was assessed and foreseeable risks identified, on behalf of the Reserve. The results showed that the costs of stewardship were in terms of water appropriation and livestock herbivory. The socio-ecological system also faced hydrological risks derived from runoff, high evaporation rates and climate change. Additional risks stemmed from the increasing global demand for minerals, including hydrocarbons, found in the Reserve. These external drivers could substantially alter the attitudes of the ranchers or the land tenure. Land abandonment might become possible as children and women seemed to out-migrate from the polygon. Solutions were identified based on the supply and demand for water and should enhance resilience via watershed management and in-ranch water appropriate technologies

Conocimientos, prácticas y actitudes de los maestros de escuelas primarias en el estado de Nuevo León, sobre caries dental y enfermedad periodontal

INTRODUCCIÓN Y OBJETIVO. El conocimiento del maestro es de tipo profesional práctico, está constituido por una trama de creencias, valores, ideas, principios, reglas de actuación entre otras cosas, mismas que utiliza para justificar su actuación profesional. El objetivo del estudio es determinar el grado de conocimiento, prácticas y actitudes de los maestros de primaria sobre la caries dental y enfermedad periodontal. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS. Se realizó un trabajo de investigación descriptivo transversal. La población de estudio fueron 208 maestros de escuelas primarias del estado de Nuevo León, México, el tipo de instrumento fue autoadministrable en donde se englobaron 4 categorías (conocimientos, practicas, actitudes y antecedentes odontológicos). Se incluyó a todos los maestros de entre 22 y 70 años; las variables de estudio fueron: el conocimiento, las prácticas y las actitudes sobre la caries dental y enfermedad periodontal. CONTRIBUCIONES Y CONCLUSIONES. Los resultados que se obtuvieron en el apartado de conocimientos arrojaron una calificación de 77.92% siendo un promedio bajo para considerar la capacidad de los mismos; igualmente los datos obtenidos en el área de prácticas fueron también por debajo de la calificación aprobatoria con un resultado de 34.92% y los resultados en el área de actitudes están igualmente muy por debajo de un puntaje aprobatorio con 31.14%. Los datos obtenidos en el presente estudio indican que los profesores no tienen el suficiente conocimiento ni buenas prácticas ni actitudes sobre las técnicas correctas de higiene bucal por lo que no las pueden trasmitir a sus alumno