Alineaciones astronómicas en la necrópolis de la Edad del Hierro de LaOsera (Chamartin de la Sierra, Avila)

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Distribución espacial de una necrópolis de la Edad del Hierro: la Zona I de la Osera en Chamartin de la Sierra, Ávila

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Late cenozoic identation/escape tectonics in the eastern Betic Cordilleras and its consequences on the Iberian foreland

13 páginas, 5 figuras.[ES] La estructuración del cuadrante SE de la Península Ibérica (Béticas orientales y antepaís Ibérico), desde el Messiniense hasta la actualidad, ha sido el resultado de una serie compleja de eventos deformativos, relacionados con la actividad de una megazona de cizalla NNE-SSO en el SE de las Cordilleras Béticas (zona de cizalla Trans-Alborán-Palomares; TAPSZ). La deformación a lo largo de esta zona de cizalla se caracteriza por dos escenarios secuenciales diferentes: 1) períodos de concentración de esfuerzos, asociados con un frenado momentáneo del movimiento a lo largo de la TAPSZ, y con procesos de identación dirigidos hacia el NO, y 2) períodos de disipación de esfuerzos, que serían el resultado del escape lateral de bloques en forma de cuña, y del movimiento transcurrente renovado a lo largo de la TAPSZ. Estos eventos han generado campos de esfuerzos en el antepaís Ibérico, con una serie de consecuencias tales como el vulcanismo alcalino de Calatrava y Cofrentes, zonas de protorift, modificaciones de directrices estructurales previas, levantamientos/abombamientos localizados, y cambios en el régimen sedimentario de algunas cuencas.[EN] The structuration of the southeastern quarter of the Iberian Peninsula (eastern Betics and Iberian foreland), since Messinian time, was the result of a series of complex deformational events, as related to a major NNE-SSW sinistral shear zone disrupting the southeasternmost part of the Betic cordilleras (Trans-Alborán-Palomares shear zone; TAPSZ). Deformation along this shear zone was characterized by two differentiated and sequential scenarios: 1) periods of stress-build-up associated to momentary slip-obstruction along the TAPSZ, involving NW-directed indentation of the southeastern Iberian domain, and 2) periods of stress-release resulting from the lateral escape of wedge-shaped blocks, thus allowing full-scale strike-slip displacements along the TAPSZ. These events imposed compressional stress fields on the Iberian foreland, with a series of consequences such as alkaline volcanism in Calatrava and Cofrentes, protorift zones, changes in previous structural trends, localized uplift/doming processes, and changes in the sedimentary records of sorne basins.Financial support was provided by the Dirección General de la Política Científica through Project n.O PB87-0372.Peer reviewe

Paleoecología del yacimiento del Neógeno continental de Los Valles de Fuentidueña (Segovia)

Conclusiones: Los datos geológicos nos indican que las capas excavadas no son homogéneas en cuanto a su deposición, un decrecimiento de la energía del medio se observa de muro a techo, esto se refleja claramente en la tafocenosis cuyo grado de aloctonía disminuye de muro a techo. No parece existir una diferencia cualitativa entre la fauna del Nivel Y (alóctono) y del Nivel X (más autóctono), aunque dada la dificultad de extraer los fósiles de este último nivel, los datos siguientes tienen más fiabilidad para el nivel Y. El estudio de la comunidad fósil nos indica el predominio fuerte de algunas especies, pero su análisis de talla parece contradecir la existencia de factores limitantes en esta comunidad, lo que unido a la reconstrucción geológica del medio, puede indicarnos que el medio de transporte ha sido uno de los factores más selectivos en la acumulación de los fósiles de este yacimiento, sin olvidar, que posiblemente la mayor parte de los restos de los animales habían estado sometidos en un largo periodo a la intemperie después de su muerte; la no existencia de ningún resto en conexión anatómica es concluyente a tal respecto. Podría suponerse un tipo de clima estacional, con al menos dos estaciones contrastadas una seca y otra húmeda que ocasionaría arroyadas como la que ha conformado el yacimiento; dentro de este marco climático poseeríamos, en el entorno alrededor del yacimiento, un ecosistema con nichos ecológicos diferentes. Podemos suponer que la zona alrededor del yacimiento ocupa la transición entre relieve moderado y una llanura de tipo sabana; esta zona de tipo transicional, se caracterizaría por la existencia de charcas efímeras. Cercana a esta zona existirían áreas con aguas limpias más o menos permanentes (de escorrentía y surgencias cársticas) en cuyos alrededores se desarrollaría una vegetación densa, que es la que soporta a un gran número de especies poco abundantes en restos (exceptuando Aceratherium sp.). Es de suponer que la zona de llanura sustentaría las formas gregarias muy abundantes en restos, como es el caso de Hipparion.Peer reviewe

Weighing stars from birth to death : mass determination methods across the HRD

Funding: C.A., J.S.G.M., and M.G.P. received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No 670519: MAMSIE). N.B. gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Royal Society (University Research Fellowships) and from the European Research Council (ERC-CoG-646928, Multi-Pop).The mass of a star is the most fundamental parameter for its structure, evolution, and final fate. It is particularly important for any kind of stellar archaeology and characterization of exoplanets. There exist a variety of methods in astronomy to estimate or determine it. In this review we present a significant number of such methods, beginning with the most direct and model-independent approach using detached eclipsing binaries. We then move to more indirect and model-dependent methods, such as the quite commonly used isochrone or stellar track fitting. The arrival of quantitative asteroseismology has opened a completely new approach to determine stellar masses and to complement and improve the accuracy of other methods. We include methods for different evolutionary stages, from the pre-main sequence to evolved (super)giants and final remnants. For all methods uncertainties and restrictions will be discussed. We provide lists of altogether more than 200 benchmark stars with relative mass accuracies between [0.3 ,2 ]% for the covered mass range of M ∈[0.1 ,16 ] M⊙ , 75 % of which are stars burning hydrogen in their core and the other 25 % covering all other evolved stages. We close with a recommendation how to combine various methods to arrive at a "mass-ladder" for stars.PostprintPeer reviewe

Weighing stars from birth to death: mass determination methods across the HRD

The mass of a star is the most fundamental parameter for its structure, evolution, and final fate. It is particularly important for any kind of stellar archaeology and characterization of exoplanets. There exists a variety of methods in astronomy to estimate or determine it. In this review we present a significant number of such methods, beginning with the most direct and model-independent approach using detached eclipsing binaries. We then move to more indirect and model-dependent methods, such as the quite commonly used isochrone or stellar track fitting. The arrival of quantitative asteroseismology has opened a completely new approach to determine stellar masses and to complement and improve the accuracy of other methods. We include methods for different evolutionary stages, from the pre-main sequence to evolved (super)giants and final remnants. For all methods uncertainties and restrictions will be discussed. We provide lists of altogether more than 200 benchmark stars with relative mass accuracies between $[0.3,2]\%$ for the covered mass range of M\in [0.1,16]\,\msun, $75\%$ of which are stars burning hydrogen in their core and the other $25\%$ covering all other evolved stages. We close with a recommendation how to combine various methods to arrive at a "mass-ladder" for stars.Comment: Invited review article for The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review. 146 pages, 16 figures, 11 tables. Accepted version by the Journal. It includes summary figure of accuracy/precision of methods for mass ranges and summary table for individual method

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Numerical recognition of alignments in monogenetic volcanic areas: Examples from the Michoacán-Guanajuato Volcanic Field in Mexico and Calatrava in Spain

10 páginas, 8 figuras.-- El PDF es la versión de autor.Identification of geological lineaments using numerical methods is a useful tool to reveal structures that may not be evident to the naked eye. In this sense, monogenetic volcanic fields represent an especially suitable case for the application of such techniques, since eruptive vents can be considered as point-like features. Application of a two-point azimuth method to the Michoacán-Guanajuato Volcanic Field (Mexico) and the Calatrava Volcanic Province (Spain) demonstrates that the main lineaments controlling the distributions of volcanic vents (~ 322° in Calatrava and ~ 30° in Michoacán) approach the respective main compressional axes that dominate in the area (i.e. the Cocos–North America plates convergence and the main Betics compressional direction, respectively). Considering the stress fields that are present in each volcanic area and their respective geodynamic history, it seems that although volcanism may be a consequence of contemporaneous extensional regimes, the distribution of the volcanic vents in these kinds of monogenetic fields is actually controlled by reactivation of older fractures which then become more favourable for producing space for magma ascent at near-surface levels.This work is part of project CGL2008-02638/BTE, funded by the Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain.Peer reviewe

Efectividad del trampeo masivo de hembras de Ceratitis capitata (Diptera:Tephiritidae) a base de atrayentes alimentarios: "efecto-borde" y papel de los frutales abandonados como potenciadores de la plaga

En este trabajo se aportan los datos obtenidos en una experiencia de trampeo masivo con objeto de controlar la mosca mediterránea de la fruta [Ceratitis capitata (Wied.)] en una finca de cítricos situada en la cordillera N.O. de Mallorca. Se trata de una plantación de naranjos (Citrus sinensis, Osbeck variedad Navelate) muy aislada, cuya recolección tuvo lugar durante la segunda quincena de agosto. Se colocaron 125 trampas en árboles alternos utilizando atrayentes alimentarios sintéticos para hembras (acetato amónico, putrescina y trimetilamina), lográndose controlar eficazmente la plaga hasta el momento de la cosecha, que coincidió con la época de la maduración de los higos (Ficus carica L.) en varias higueras abandonadas situadas tanto en la misma parcela, como colindantes a ella. A partir de este momento se inició un aumento exponencial de C. capitata, que ya no pudo ser controlado. El porcentaje medio de hembras capturadas fue del 79,3%, lo que demuestra una buena efectividad selectiva de estos atrayentes sintéticos incluso en estrategia de trampeo masivo. La definición topográfica de cada uno de los árboles y la representación espacial de los datos mediante la utilización del software adecuado, ha permitido observar la heterogeneidad espacio-temporal del insecto en la parcela, obteniéndose capturas mucho más elevadas en los bordes de la misma y detectándose el nivel poblacional más alto en el margen occidental, lugar en el que se hallan las mencionadas higueras.Peer reviewe