El ejercito, la policia y el mantenimiento del orden publico en Inglaterra (c.1750-1950)

There is an assumption that the society of mainland Britain, and particularly England proper, was essentially non-violent during the nineteenth century and at least up until the end of the Second World War. Part of the assumption focuses on the development of an unarmed, civilian police institution that took responsibility for dealing with public order and obviated the need for summoning the military. There were no nrevolutions, civil wars, and no pronunciamentos in England during this period, though there remains doubt about the extent to which this was the result of accident or good sense on the part of the people and the government. The question of what constitutes a violent society and the extent to which recurrent public and political violence is the result of contingency or design are central here; and they are of continuing fascination for historians and social and political scientists. Thjis essay does not address these questions directly, rather it aims to present a brief chronological narrative of the related and equally important issue of the shifting public order roles of the military and the police in England

Exploring the interface effect in distant sonification

I introduce ongoing research into the method that I am calling distant sonification as a response to understanding abstractions created through computational reading. My aim is to explore the interface effect and situate it in sonification and media theory. Discussing existing prototypes, I contextualise the visible interfaces within the wider design models, such as patterns, and computational materiality. Reflecting on experiments in media specific analysis, I suggest that there are different models with their own specificities that are brought together to create the interface. They might exist separately or are combined to create a wider effect that I explore through models and grammars. I suggest that there are different models with their own specificities that are brought together by humans and machines through layers

Comment on Martinez-Garcia et al. 'Heavy metals in human bones in different historical epochs'.

Martínez-García et al. (Sci. Tot Env. 348:51–72) have examined heavy metal exposure of humans in the Cartagena region using analysis of archaeological bones. An analysis of the lead and iron levels they report shows that they are physiologically implausible and must therefore result from diagenesis. This, and analogy with the known diagenetic origin of certain other elements, suggests that the other metal analyses they report are also unlikely to be in vivo concentrations. Lifetime heavy metal exposure cannot be deduced from diagenetically altered concentrations

Alcohol Induced Psychotic Disorder: a comparitive study in patients with alcohol dependance, schizophrenia and normal controls

Thesis(DMed (Psychiatry))-- University of Stellenbosch, 2007.Alcohol-induced psychotic disorder (also known as alcohol hallucinosis) is a complication of alcohol abuse that requires clinical differentiation from alcohol withdrawal delirium and schizophrenia. Although extensively described, few studies utilized standardized research instruments and brain-imaging has thus far been limited to case reports. The aim of this study was to prospectively compare four population groups (ie. patients with alcohol-induced psychotic disorder, schizophrenia, uncomplicated alcohol dependence and a healthy volunteer group) according to demographic, psychopathological and brainimaging variables utilizing (i) rating scales and (ii) single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The third component of the study was designed to investigate the (iii) effect of anti-psychotic treatment on the psychopathology and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) before and after six weeks of treatment with haloperidol. Effort was made to ensure exclusion of comorbid medical disorders, including substance abuse. The study provides further supportive evidence that alcohol-induced psychotic disorder can be distinguished from schizophrenia. Statistically significant differences in rCBF were demonstrated between the alcohol-induced psychotic disorder and other groups. Changes in frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital, thalamic and cerebellar rCBF showed statistically significant negative correlations with post-treatment improvement on psychopathological variables and imply dysfunction of these areas in alcohol-induced psychotic disorder. The study was unable to distinguish between pharmacological effects and improvement acccomplished by abstinence from alcohol.Stellenbosch: Stellenbosch Universit

Iteracies of feeling

Computational readings of culture allow us to pose new questions or create new cultural forms supporting new forms of critical thinking and reading. Yet the machine may not be able to identify some of the qualities, such as emotion, that might be central to the question raised. Using the Next Rembrandt project as a case study, this paper suggests an approach to consider the medium as the site of meaning making in digital culture and how this affects critical practice using Raymond Williams, David Berry and Jacques Derrida. In the first part, I consider the idea of reading with machines and how this might be considered within the medium. The second part uses iteracy to find meaning in the models and how this might reveal new critical paths through readings of the image. The final part presents a reading of the digital object itself and how these can be used to create a space for meaning to come into being. Through this, the article raises questions about critical techniques for understanding the material object in distant reading methodologies as ongoing research

El Ejército, la Policía y el mantenimiento del Orden Público en Inglaterra (1750-1950)

There is an assumption that the society of mainland Britain, and particularly England itself, was essentially non-violent during the nineteenth century and at least up until the end of the Second World War. Part of the assumption focuses on the development of an unarmed, civilian police institution that took responsibility for dealing with public order and obviated the need for summoning the military. There were no revolutions, no civil wars, and no pronunciamentos in England during this period and there is debate about the extent to which this was the result of accident or good sense on the part of the people and the government. The question of what constitutes a violent society and the extent to which violence is the result of contingency or design are central here and of continuing fascination for historians and social and political scientists. This essay, however, will present a chronological narrative of the related and equally important issue of the shifting public order roles of the military and the police in England.Se suele asumir que, durante el siglo XIX, la sociedad de las islas británicas, y en particular la de la propia Inglaterra, era en esencia poco violenta, y que siguió siéndolo, al menos, hasta después de la II Guerra Mundial. En parte, esta suposición usa como referente el desarrollo de la institución policial inglesa, civil y desarmada, que al ocuparse de los desórdenes públicos hizo innecesaria la intervención del Ejército. No hubo revoluciones, guerras civiles ni pronunciamientos en la Inglaterra de ese periodo, aunque es objeto de controversia la delimitación de hasta qué punto esta situación era accidental, o si, por el contrario, resultaba del sentido común de su población y del gobierno. La interrogación sobre qué constituye una sociedad violenta y sobre la medida en que la violencia pública y política continuadas resultan de la contingencia o del diseño sigue fascinando a historiadores, científicos sociales y politólogos. Este ensayo no aborda estas cuestiones directamente, sino que presenta una breve narración cronológica de un aspecto próximo e igualmente importante: el cambio, en Inglaterra, de los roles en el mantenimiento del orden público por parte del Ejército y la policía

Fidelity enhancement by logical qubit encoding

We demonstrate coherent control of two logical qubits encoded in a decoherence free subspace (DFS) of four dipolar-coupled protons in an NMR quantum information processor. A pseudo-pure fiducial state is created in the DFS, and a unitary logical qubit entangling operator evolves the system to a logical Bell state. The four-spin molecule is partially aligned by a liquid crystal solvent, which introduces strong dipolar couplings among the spins. Although the system Hamiltonian is never fully specified, we demonstrate high fidelity control over the logical degrees of freedom. In fact, the DFS encoding leads to higher fidelity control than is available in the full four-spin Hilbert space.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figure