Nonleptonic two-body charmless B decays involving a tensor meson in ISGW2 model

Nonleptonic charmless B decays into a pseudoscalar (P) or a vector (V) meson accompanying a tensor (T) meson are re-analyzed. We scrutinize the hadronic uncertainties and ambiguities of the form factors which appear in the literature. The Isgur-Scora-Grinstein-Wise updated model (ISGW2) is adopted to evaluate the relevant hadronic matrix elements. We calculate the branching ratios and CP asymmetries for various $B\to P(V)T$ decay processes. With the ISGW2 model, the branching ratios are enhanced by about an order of magnitude compared to the previous estimates. We show that the ratios \calB(B\to VT)/\calB(B\to PT) for some strangeness-changing processes are very sensitive to the CKM angle $\gamma$ ($\phi_3$).Comment: 23 pages, REVTEX; minor clarifications included; to appear in Phys. Rev.

Gaussian quantum marginal problem

The quantum marginal problem asks what local spectra are consistent with a given spectrum of a joint state of a composite quantum system. This setting, also referred to as the question of the compatibility of local spectra, has several applications in quantum information theory. Here, we introduce the analogue of this statement for Gaussian states for any number of modes, and solve it in generality, for pure and mixed states, both concerning necessary and sufficient conditions. Formally, our result can be viewed as an analogue of the Sing-Thompson Theorem (respectively Horn's Lemma), characterizing the relationship between main diagonal elements and singular values of a complex matrix: We find necessary and sufficient conditions for vectors (d1, ..., dn) and (c1, ..., cn) to be the symplectic eigenvalues and symplectic main diagonal elements of a strictly positive real matrix, respectively. More physically speaking, this result determines what local temperatures or entropies are consistent with a pure or mixed Gaussian state of several modes. We find that this result implies a solution to the problem of sharing of entanglement in pure Gaussian states and allows for estimating the global entropy of non-Gaussian states based on local measurements. Implications to the actual preparation of multi-mode continuous-variable entangled states are discussed. We compare the findings with the marginal problem for qubits, the solution of which for pure states has a strikingly similar and in fact simple form.Comment: 18 pages, 1 figure, material added, references updated, except from figure identical with version to appear in Commun. Math. Phy

Supernova neutrino oscillations: A simple analytical approach

Analyses of observable supernova neutrino oscillation effects require the calculation of the electron (anti)neutrino survival probability P_ee along a given supernova matter density profile. We propose a simple analytical prescription for P_ee, based on a double-exponential form for the crossing probability and on the concept of maximum violation of adiabaticity. In the case of two-flavor transitions, the prescription is shown to reproduce accurately, in the whole neutrino oscillation parameter space, the results of exact numerical calculations for generic (realistic or power-law) profiles. The analytical approach is then generalized to cover three-flavor transitions with (direct or inverse) mass spectrum hierarchy, and to incorporate Earth matter effects. Compact analytical expressions, explicitly showing the symmetry properties of P_ee, are provided for practical calculations.Comment: 22 pages (RevTeX) + 5 figures (PostScript

Effects of Neutrino Oscillation on the Supernova Neutrino Spectrum

The effects of three-flavor neutrino oscillation on the supernova neutrino spectrum are studied. We calculate the expected event rate and energy spectra, and their time evolution at the Superkamiokande (SK) and the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO), by using a realistic neutrino burst model based on numerical simulations of supernova explosions. We also employ a realistic density profile based on a presupernova model for the calculation of neutrino conversion probability in supernova envelopes. These realistic models and numerical calculations allow us to quantitatively estimate the effects of neutrino oscillation in a more realistic way than previous studies. We then found that the degeneracy of the solutions of the solar neutrino problem can be broken by the combination of the SK and SNO detections of a future Galactic supernova.Comment: 10 pages, 14 figures, corrected versio

Study of the effect of neutrino oscillations on the supernova neutrino signal in the LVD detector

The LVD detector, located in the INFN Gran Sasso National Laboratory (Italy), studies supernova neutrinos through the interactions with protons and carbon nuclei in the liquid scintillator and interactions with the iron nuclei of the support structure. We investigate the effect of neutrino oscillations in the signal expected in the LVD detector. The MSW effect has been studied in detail for neutrinos travelling through the collapsing star and the Earth. We show that the expected number of events and their energy spectrum are sensitive to the oscillation parameters, in particular to the mass hierarchy and the value of $\theta_{13}$, presently unknown. Finally we discuss the astrophysical uncertainties, showing their importance and comparing it with the effect of neutrino oscillations on the expected signal.Comment: Accepted for pubblication on Astroparticle Physics. 36 pages, 18 figure

Nuclear transparency from quasielastic A(e,e'p) reactions uo to Q^2=8.1 (GeV/c)^2

The quasielastic (e,e$^\prime$p) reaction was studied on targets of deuterium, carbon, and iron up to a value of momentum transfer $Q^2$ of 8.1 (GeV/c)$^2$. A nuclear transparency was determined by comparing the data to calculations in the Plane-Wave Impulse Approximation. The dependence of the nuclear transparency on $Q^2$ and the mass number $A$ was investigated in a search for the onset of the Color Transparency phenomenon. We find no evidence for the onset of Color Transparency within our range of $Q^2$. A fit to the world's nuclear transparency data reflects the energy dependence of the free proton-nucleon cross section.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figure

Heavy Quarks and Heavy Quarkonia as Tests of Thermalization

We present here a brief summary of new results on heavy quarks and heavy quarkonia from the PHENIX experiment as presented at the "Quark Gluon Plasma Thermalization" Workshop in Vienna, Austria in August 2005, directly following the International Quark Matter Conference in Hungary.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, Quark Gluon Plasma Thermalization Workshop (Vienna August 2005) Proceeding

Proximity effect at superconducting Sn-Bi2Se3 interface

We have investigated the conductance spectra of Sn-Bi2Se3 interface junctions down to 250 mK and in different magnetic fields. A number of conductance anomalies were observed below the superconducting transition temperature of Sn, including a small gap different from that of Sn, and a zero-bias conductance peak growing up at lower temperatures. We discussed the possible origins of the smaller gap and the zero-bias conductance peak. These phenomena support that a proximity-effect-induced chiral superconducting phase is formed at the interface between the superconducting Sn and the strong spin-orbit coupling material Bi2Se3.Comment: 7 pages, 8 figure

Centrality Dependence of the High p_T Charged Hadron Suppression in Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 130 GeV

PHENIX has measured the centrality dependence of charged hadron p_T spectra from central Au+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=130 GeV. The truncated mean p_T decreases with centrality for p_T > 2 GeV/c, indicating an apparent reduction of the contribution from hard scattering to high p_T hadron production. For central collisions the yield at high p_T is shown to be suppressed compared to binary nucleon-nucleon collision scaling of p+p data. This suppression is monotonically increasing with centrality, but most of the change occurs below 30% centrality, i.e. for collisions with less than about 140 participating nucleons. The observed p_T and centrality dependence is consistent with the particle production predicted by models including hard scattering and subsequent energy loss of the scattered partons in the dense matter created in the collisions.Comment: 7 pages text, LaTeX, 6 figures, 2 tables, 307 authors, resubmitted to Phys. Lett. B. Revised to address referee concerns. Plain text data tables for the points plotted in figures for this and previous PHENIX publications are publicly available at http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/phenix/WWW/run/phenix/papers.htm

New Physics Contributions to The B -> phi K_S Decay

Recent measurements of the time-dependent CP asymmetry of the B -> phi K_S decay give results whose central values differ from standard model expectations. It is shown how such data can be used to identify new physics contributions in a model-independent manner. In general, a sizeable new amplitude with nontrivial weak and strong phases would be required to explain current data. Improvement in the quality of data will allow one to form a more definite conclusion.Comment: 17 pages, 7 figures; some references added; analysis updated in light of recent BaBar data announced at Moriond conferenc