Atuação do profissional farmacêutico no combate do uso irracional de medicamento durante a pandemia da SARS-CoV-2: uma revisão integrativa de literatura

Automedicação é um dos principais problemas de saúde mundial, provocando mascaramento dos sinais e sintomas de doenças de baixa e alta gravidade. A falta de profissionais de saúde, erro de prescrição, erro de diagnóstico, prescrição ilegível tornou-se os principais fatores do uso incorreto e inapropriado de medicamentos. O farmacêutico junto com uma equipe multidisciplinar promove o uso correto de medicamentos, diminuindo os efeitos adversos, intoxicação medicamentosa, interação medicamentosa e óbito.  Com a pandemia da Covid-19, a falta de leitos, vagas em hospitais, profissionais de saúde e o isolamento social acentuou aumento na prática da automedicação. As informações ou fake news sobre tratamento precoce, sem embaseamento cientifico, é possível acarretar diversas ocorrências de efeitos colaterais. Objetivo desta pesquisa é mostrar a importância do farmacêutico no combate do uso irracional de medicamentos na pandemia da covid-19. É uma pesquisa de revisão integrativa de literatura, com dados coletados no ano de 2019-2022, na plataforma do Google Acadêmico, BVS e Scielo. A pesquisa demontrou que o farmacêutico é o profissional de saúde com habilidades no comabate a uso incoreto e desnecessário de medicamentos, diminuindo os riscos gerados por medicamentos utilizados de forma inapropriada com acompanhamento farmacoterapêutico

ANÁLISE ATUAL DA MASTITE CAPRINA NO BRASIL: CARACTERIZAÇÃO DOS AGENTES CAUSADORES E AVALIAÇÃO DE RESISTÊNCIA ANTIBIÓTICA

Caprine farming is crucial for the Brazilian economy, being the largest producer of goat milk in the Americas. The increased consumption of goat milk in Brazil faces challenges due to health issues, particularly mastitis, an inflammation that impairs the quality and quantity of milk. Predominant bacteria, such as Staphylococcus, make treatment difficult due to resistance to common antibiotics like amoxicillin and penicillin. Constantly exploring alternatives is essential to enhance disease control. This study utilized a narrative literature review, extensively analyzing goat mastitis literature on platforms such as Google Scholar, Scielo, ScienceDirect, and SpringerLink, guided by descriptors like "Caprine Mastitis," "Mastitis Brazil," "Genes," and "Antibiotic Resistance." Prevention of caprine mastitis stands out through the simultaneous implementation of effective sanitary measures, focusing on reducing infections during milking and maintaining hygienic practices. These actions are crucial to promote herd health, improve dairy production quality, and reinforce the ongoing importance of sanitary surveillance. Understanding the prevalence and characteristics of national pathogens is essential for proper treatment.A caprinocultura é crucial para a economia brasileira, sendo o maior produtor de leite de cabra nas Américas. O aumento do consumo do leite de cabra no Brasil é desafiado por problemas sanitários, especialmente a mastite, uma inflamação que prejudica a qualidade e quantidade do leite. As bactérias predominantes, como Staphylococcus, tornam o tratamento difícil devido à resistência a antibióticos comuns, como amoxicilina e penicilina. É essencial explorar constantemente alternativas para melhorar o controle dessa doença. Este estudo utilizou uma revisão bibliográfica narrativa, analisando extensivamente a literatura sobre mastite caprina em bases como Google Acadêmico, Scielo, ScienceDirect e SpringerLink, direcionada por descritores como "Mastite Caprina", "Mastite Brasil", "Genes" e "Resistência Antibióticos". A prevenção da mastite caprina destaca-se pela implementação simultânea de medidas sanitárias eficazes, focadas na redução de infecções durante a ordenha e nas práticas higiênicas. Essas ações são cruciais para promover a saúde do rebanho, melhorar a qualidade da produção leiteira e reforçar a importância contínua da vigilância sanitária. Compreender a prevalência e características dos patógenos nacionais é essencial para um tratamento adequado.&nbsp

Potencial ansiolítico de fitoterápicos no tratamento de distúrbios psiquiátricos

A Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) relata que mais de 350 milhões de pessoas enfrentam depressão globalmente, sendo pelo menos 5% da população diagnosticada com o distúrbio. A depressão cresceu 18,4% globalmente de 2005 a 2015, com prevalência de 4,4% mundial e 5,8% no Brasil. Ansiedade e depressão são comuns, podendo indicar transtornos psiquiátricos que demandam tratamento. Fitoterápicos têm surgido como alternativa aos medicamentos alopáticos, oferecendo menor incidência de efeitos colaterais e custos mais acessíveis. Estudos destacam o potencial ansiolítico de plantas como camomila, erva-cidreira e mulungu, enquanto extratos de Passiflora incarnata demonstram efeitos ansiolíticos significativos. O estudo busca analisar abrangentemente a literatura sobre fitoterápicos no tratamento de distúrbios psiquiátricos. A pesquisa consistiu em uma revisão bibliográfica narrativa que analisou a literatura publicada sobre o uso de plantas medicinais no tratamento de distúrbios psiquiátricos. Para a busca, foram utilizados os bancos de dados Scielo, Pubmed e LILACS, com descritores como plantas medicinais, fitoterapia, psiquiátrico e TAG, incluindo termos correspondentes em inglês. A análise abrangeu artigos de 2016 a 2022, totalizando 24 artigos incluídos no estudo. Os estudos oferecem uma visão abrangente das propriedades medicinais de várias plantas, evidenciando seu potencial terapêutico em condições relacionadas à ansiedade, depressão e estresse. A abordagem integrativa, que explora os recursos da natureza, contribui para ampliar as opções terapêuticas disponíveis na área de saúde mental. As observações enfatizam a diversidade de plantas medicinais e suas possíveis aplicações como agentes ansiolíticos, antidepressivos e sedativos. Contudo, é crucial considerar que a eficácia e segurança dessas plantas podem variar, destacando a necessidade de mais pesquisas para uma compreensão completa de seus benefícios terapêuticos

A list of land plants of Parque Nacional do Caparaó, Brazil, highlights the presence of sampling gaps within this protected area

Brazilian protected areas are essential for plant conservation in the Atlantic Forest domain, one of the 36 global biodiversity hotspots. A major challenge for improving conservation actions is to know the plant richness, protected by these areas. Online databases offer an accessible way to build plant species lists and to provide relevant information about biodiversity. A list of land plants of “Parque Nacional do Caparaó” (PNC) was previously built using online databases and published on the website "Catálogo de Plantas das Unidades de Conservação do Brasil." Here, we provide and discuss additional information about plant species richness, endemism and conservation in the PNC that could not be included in the List. We documented 1,791 species of land plants as occurring in PNC, of which 63 are cited as threatened (CR, EN or VU) by the Brazilian National Red List, seven as data deficient (DD) and five as priorities for conservation. Fifity-one species were possible new ocurrences for ES and MG states

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora