Olhares possíveis para o pesquisador em arquitetura

Diversi studi nel campo delle scienze sociali aplicate fanno uso del concetto di Luogo suscitato per/dallo spazio, secondo l´utente, nel campo della simbolizzazione, della sperienza e della formazione di vincoli identitari. Per Tuan (1983), “spazi” diventano “luoghi” quando permettono alla persona lo sviluppo dell’afettività verso il luogo, e ciò è possibile grazie alla sperienza dello spazio. Non esiste, comunque, un momento esatto in cui lo spazio “diventa” Luogo. Esiste, si, un processo continuo, ininterrotto, nel quale l’ambiente è modificato, riceve affetto, prende nuovi significati, modifica l’individuo che lo usa e ritorna inalterato nei suoi valori e significati ad ogni momento. Questo processo viene chiamato “foggiare il Luogo” (DUARTE, 1993). La metafora del foggiare che qui utilizziamo mette in evidenza il carattere artigianale del processo di interazione tra le persone e il loro ambiente costruito. Cosi, quando ci riferiamo allo spazio costruito, non vogliamo riferirci soltanto alle opere di eccezione elaborate negli uffici, ma parliamo anche dei luoghi plasmati quotidianamente dalle persone che lo utilizzano. Così come Rossi (1995, 23-25), consideriamo l’archittettura come una qualsiasi attività umana che trasforma l’ambiente fisico in modo intenzionale dentro lo schema dell’organizzazione, avendo un significato e una comunicazione impliciti. L´architettura è, così, una realtà viva, percepibile e dinamica. In questo senso, un palazzo è architettura, una città è architettura, così come un giardino o un qualsiasi spazio culturalmente modificato. Considerare lo spazio costruito come artefatto culturale significa dire che esso può essere capito come un linguaggio, come portatore di significati e, soprattutto, come materializzazione della visione di mondo dei gruppi che la producono

Os limites de fronteira e a fluidez do mar

A secção UAciência é coordenada pelo Professor Universitário Armindo Rodrigues.[…]. Assim como um agente de fronteira não conhece todos os viajantes que por ele passam, também não existe conhecimento sobre todas as espécies marinhas que chegam aos Açores. Tal como nem todos os centímetros de fronteira podem ser controlados, não é possível monitorizar toda a costa açoriana. No entanto, é preciso criar meios para auxiliar os decisores públicos a detetar, controlar e erradicar os riscos a que as nossas águas podem estar sujeitas. Neste sentido, o Projeto CRYPTO - (AÇORES-01-0145-FEDER-0000091), que se iniciou a 1 de maio de 2010, é que terá a duração de 3 anos, pretende determinar a origem, distribuição e risco de algas potencialmente invasoras, com base na aplicação de técnicas avançadas como códigos de barra de ADN e modelação oceanográfica, visando a proteção do ambiente é a conservação do singular ecossistema açoriano.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Maternal Awareness of Adolescent Bullying Victimization in a Low-Income Context

The published manuscript is available at EurekaSelect via https://doi.org/10.2174/2210676609666190808094820.Background: Adolescents and parents often disagree about the perception of bullying victimization since adults tend to underestimate its occurrence. Objective: This study identifies factors that can influence maternal perception of bullying victimization experienced by her son/daughter in the past 12 months. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved a representative sample of in-school adolescents (n=669, 11-15-years) living in Itaboraí city, Brazil (mean age±SE: 13.01±0.07 years; 51.7% females). A 3-stage probabilistic sampling procedure (random selection of census units, eligible households and target child) generated sampling weights. Trained lay interviewers individually applied semi-structured questionnaires to mothers and adolescents in the households. Multivariable logistic regression analysis examined factors potentially influencing maternal perception of bullying victimization experienced by her son/daughter: adolescent gender and age, adolescent self-perceived bullying victimization, exposure to severe physical punishment by parents, internalizing/externalizing behaviour problems identified by the Youth Self-Report/YSR, maternal education and maternal anxiety/depression identified by the 20-item Self-Reporting Questionnaire/SRQ-20. Results: Univariable logistic regression analysis identified a strong association between adolescent self-perceived bullying victimization and maternal perception of bullying victimization experienced by her son/daughter. Multivariable models showed that adolescent perception influenced maternal perception when adolescents had no clinical internalizing behaviour problems and when mothers had higher education. Conclusion: Anxious/depressive adolescents may hide victimization incidents, while those with no problems probably reveal these incidents to the mother. Considering that maternal low education is an indicator of low socioeconomic status, which is associated with multiple stressors, less educated mothers may be more likely to interpret these incidents as a common part of growing-up

Política de comunicação: veneno ou remédio? Um olhar sob a perspetiva da comunicação organizacional

Vivemos em um mundo aparelhado, onde as organizações têm relação plural com as atividades do cotidiano. Como organismos vivos, as organizações se comunicam e desenvolvem ações baseadas em filosofias e políticas, que vão orientar seus relacionamentos. Os padrões de comunicação das organizações têm implicações diretas na construção da sua imagem diante de seus públicos. Um instrumento que apoia e direciona a produção do sentido no contexto de uma organização é a política de comunicação organizacional, que pode ser caracterizada como a formalização ou a sistematização das possibilidades das suas ações de comunicação. Entendemos ainda que as composições de significado no contexto de uma organização, atualmente, têm como um de seus principais objetivos a colaboração para a construção de uma imagem com sentido para os seus públicos. Estas construções, totalmente atravessadas por aparelhagem tecnológica, buscam um troféu: a atenção do internauta. A política de comunicação organizacional pode ser um importante instrumento para isso, pois vivemos a era da economia da atenção. Com a liberdade permitida pela proposta de um ensaio, recorremos a conceitos e a relações entre conceitos (Almeida & Pinto, 1972) para elucubrar sobre a real utilidade de uma política de comunicação organizacional. Será um remédio para resolver os problemas de comunicação? Ou será um veneno, que vai tirar a criatividade dos processos comunicacionais de uma organização? Certamente, é importante refletirmos sobre o fato de que as práticas simbólicas organizacionais podem ser direcionadas e que sempre haverá vantagens e desvantagens a partir dos discursos da organização.Este trabalho é apoiado por fundos nacionais através da FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P., no âmbito do projeto UIDB/00736/2020

Trajectories of Sensation Seeking Among Puerto Rican Children and Youth

Objective: To document the natural course of sensation seeking from childhood to adolescence, characterize distinct sensation seeking trajectories, and examine how these trajectories vary according to selected predictors. Method: Data were obtained from the Boricua Youth Study, a longitudinal study of 2,491 children and adolescents of Puerto Rican background (3 assessments from 2000 to 2004). First, age-specific sensation seeking levels were characterized, and then age-adjusted residuals were analyzed using growth mixture models. Results: On average, sensation seeking was stable in childhood (ages 5–10 years) and increased during adolescence (ages 11–17 years). Mean scores of sensation seeking were higher in the South Bronx versus Puerto Rico and among males versus females. Four classes of sensation seeking trajectories were observed: most study participants had age-expected sensation seeking trajectories following the average for their age (“normative,” 43.8%); others (37.2%) remained consistently lower than the expected average for their age (“low” sensation seeking); some (12.0%) had an “accelerated” sensation seeking trajectory, increasing at a faster rate than expected; and a minority (7.0%) had a decreasing sensation seeking trajectory that started high but decreased, reaching scores slightly higher than the age-average sensation seeking scores (“stabilizers”). Site (South Bronx versus Puerto Rico) and gender were predictors of membership in a specific class of sensation seeking trajectory. Conclusion: It is important to take a developmental approach when examining sensation seeking and to consider gender and the social environment when trying to understand how sensation seeking evolves during childhood and adolescence

How Americans Feel About Terrorism And Security: Two Years After 9/11

Understanding attitudes, concerns and reactions of individuals and families is critical to emergency planning efforts on all levels. In order to have effective implementation of a disaster plan, people need to be confident in (a) the reliability of information from official sources, (b) the capacity of government to perform effectively in a crisis and (c) the capability of response systems, particularly the health systems and first responders. Absence of confidence in response systems or leadership may undermine the best of crisis plans, leading to unnecessary panic and potential excess loss of life. In August 2003, The National Center for Disaster Preparedness at Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health, in collaboration with The Children's Health Fund, commissioned the Marist Institute for Public Opinion to conduct a survey of adults nearly two years after the multiple terrorist attacks on New York, Washington, D.C. and Pennsylvania. The survey included both a national and a New York City representative sample of households contacted by telephone. Questions covered a wide range of issues including people's concern about potential new additional acts of terrorism in the U.S., the government's ability to protect citizens, and the health system's capacity to respond. Throughout, specific questions were asked of a subset of parents of children from four to eighteen years of age. To the extent possible, specific questions were replicated from four previous surveys commissioned by The Children's Health Fund since September 11, 2001 to identify trends in public attitudes and perceptions

Correlations between caregiver psychiatric symptoms and offspring psychopathology in a low-resource setting

Objective: Associations between parental/caregiver depression and adverse child outcomes are well established and have been described through one or more mechanisms: child psychopathology following exposure to a depressed caregiver, child psychopathology exacerbating a caregiver's depression, and caregiver and offspring depression sharing the same etiology. Data from low and middle-income countries is scarce. We examined correlations between common symptoms of mental disorders in caregivers and their offspring's psychopathology in a Brazilian sample. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, adult caregivers were screened for depression during routine home visits by community health workers as part of the Brazilian Family Health Strategy. Caregivers with suspected depression were assessed using the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale and the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Children's symptoms were evaluated using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Results: The sample included 68 primary caregivers and 110 children aged 6 to 15 years. Higher caregiver scores on the SRQ-20 correlated significantly with psychiatric symptoms in offspring. Conclusion: These results substantiate our hypothesis that child psychopathology correlates with caregivers' psychiatric symptoms. This paper adds to the growing literature on community mental health assessment and can help guide future strategies for reducing the burden of common mental disorders in caregivers and children alike in low and middle-income countries.Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) [2012/17485-4]Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq)Instituto LemannNIMH [D43 TW009675, T32 MH096724, T32-MH19139, K01MH104514]Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES)Columbia University Department of Psychiatry/New York State Psychiatric Institute [T32MH096724]Univ Fed Sao Paulo UNIFESP, Dept Psiquiatria, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilNew York State Psychiat Inst & Hosp, Div Epidemiol, New York, NY 10032 USAColumbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Psychiat, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032 USANew York State Psychiat Inst & Hosp, Div Child Psychiat, New York, NY 10032 USAUniv Fed Sao Paulo UNIFESP, Dept Psiquiatria, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil(FAPESP) [2012/17485-4]NIMH [D43 TW009675, T32 MH096724, T32-MH19139, K01MH104514]Columbia University Department of Psychiatry/New York State Psychiatric Institute [T32MH096724]Web of Scienc

Espiritismo and Santeria: a gateway to child mental health services among Puerto Rican families?

Background Barriers to mental health care access among Latinx children contribute to mental health disparities. It is unclear whether traditional spiritual guides in Latinx communities may function more as gateway providers or in some instances as deterrents to mental health treatment. This study assesses whether family involvement in Espiritismo and/or Santeria, two forefront non-Christian spiritual traditions among Latinx families, is associated with mental health care utilization among Puerto Rican children in two contexts. Methods Data are from Waves 1–3 (2000–2004) of the Boricua Youth Study, a population-based longitudinal cohort study of Puerto Rican children from San Juan and Caguas, Puerto Rico (PR), and the South Bronx, New York (SBx), 5 to 17 years of age (N = 2491). Results At baseline, 5.02% (n = 58) of the families reported involvement with Espiritismo and/or Santeria in the SBx and 3.64% (n = 52) in PR. Logistic regression models predicting mental health service use found, after adjusting for multiple risk and protective factors, that families involved with Espiritismo and/or Santeria were 2.41 times more likely (p = 0.0034) to use mental health services over the course of 3 years than children with no family involvement in these practices in the SBx. The same association was not found in PR. Conclusions The findings among PR families in the SBx lend support to the gateway provider model in which spiritual guides open doors to mental health treatment. Forming community connections between mental health providers and traditional spiritual groups may be a culturally considerate, fruitful approach to reducing barriers to mental health treatment among Latinx families

The role of retailer's performance in optimal wholesale price discount policies

The main goal of this paper is to model the effects of wholesale price control on manufacturer’s profit, taking explicitly into account the retailer’s sales motivation and performance. We consider a stylized distribution channel where a manufacturer sells a single kind of good to a single retailer. Wholesale price discounts are assumed to increase the retailer’s motivation thus improving sales. We study the manufacturer’s profit maximization problem as an optimal control model where the manufacturer’s control is the discount on wholesale price and retailer’s motivation is one of the state variables. In particular in the paper we prove that an increasing discount policy is optimal for the manufacturer when the retailer is not efficient while efficient retailers may require to decrease the trade discounts at the end of the selling period. Computational experiments point out how the discount on wholesale price passed by the retailer to the market (passthrough) influences the optimal profit of the manufacturer