AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICE IN THE FUNCTION OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT

Agriculture and agricultural extension service are facing numerous problems in present times when good solutions are not easy to find. Providing of agricultural extension service is important foreign-political instrument of a state which has stimulates the development of agricultural production. Agricultural extension service must provide effective link between holdings-producers, agricultural research and other sources of information. Agricultural extension agents must be aware of psycho-social and social aspects of group action and individual counselling. Therefore, one of priorities in agricultural development of our country is rising of the level of extension operation and establishment of extension service based on modern principles. This is the reason why in this paper, some of the traits of the genesis of extension services were indicated, as well as types of extension services and models of the organization, financing and human resources at disposal and structuring of these resources according to main characteristics, for the purpose of modernization and agricultural and rural development.agricultural extension service, types, models, functioning, human resources, Agribusiness, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession,

E-selectin as anti-inflammatory drug target : expression, purification and charactrization for structural studies : assay development for antaginists evaluation

E-, P- and L-selectin belong to the C-type lectin family of cell adhesion molecules that initiate inflammatory response. Infammation per se is a physiologocal defense mechanism, but excessive leukcyte extravasation leads to numerous pathoIogical and disease states, as well as metastatic cancer spread. Leukocyte tethering and rolling toward inflammatory site start with the interaction of selectins and the carbohydrate epitope of their glycoprotein ligands, sialyl Lewisx. Therefore inhibitors of selectin-ligand interaction are of high pharmaceutical interest as potent anti-inflammatory agents. Tetrasaccharide sialyl Lewisx serves as a lead strucure in chemical and computational search for selectin antagonists. Structural NMR and X-ray studies indicated binding mode of sialyl Lewisx with E-, and P-selectin, but improved structural studies with the second and third generation antagonists is missing. We expressed recombinant human E-, P- and L-selectin/IgG as secreted proteins in mammalian expression system and purified them to homogniety. Acitivity of the proteins was confirmed with blocking monoclonal antibodies and ligand binding confirmed by NMR. Bioassays were developed in cell-free and cell-based formats with E-selectin/IgG to evaluate inhibitory potencies of in-house synthesized selectin antagonists. Due to variation and instabilities on day-to-day and batch-to-batch basis, assays were used only for preliminary antagonists screen. To enhance further structural studies, we developed a new system for the expression of truncated form of human E-selectin (lectin and EGF-like domains). Initialy we tried to express these two domains in E.coli, but refolding of expressed inclusion bodies was inefficient. Therefore lectin and EGF-like domains of human E-selectin were expressed as secreted form in baculovirus-infeced insect cells with a flag-epitope on its C-terminus. Expressed protein (LecEGFFlag) was monomeric in solution, correctly folded and active, as confirmed in the reaction with monoclonal blocking antibodies, and NMR studies. Protein was expressed in two distinct glycosylation forms, with apparent molecular weigts of 19.96 kDa and 21.15 kDa. In addition, we developed for the first time a cell-free assay with truncated form of Eselectin (aforementioned LecEGFFlag) for the evaluation of of E-selectin inhibitors. In a proof-of-concept manner, three different E-selectin antagonists were tested and obtained IC50 values were in close agreement with published results. Reproducibility and stability of the assay on day-to-day and batch-to batch basis make it suitable not only for the preliminary screening, but also to quantify inhibitory potencies of E-selectin antagonists. Developed system is suitable for expression and similar characterization of P- and Lselectin as well

Upstream Tailings Dam - Liquefaction

The collapse of Dam I, tailings dam, at Vale S.A.’s (“Vale”) of the Córrego do Feijão Iron Ore Mine in Brazil was an accident that caused over 270 casualties and made irreparable damage to the surrounding environment. The exact reason for the failure is not known however, liquefaction was suspected to be the most influencing factor in the failure. Liquefaction failure of impoundment is increasing concern in the mining community and especially mine planners who will have to design and build the tailings dam. Different design methods are available with varied degree of challenges. Upstream construction methods, as one of the tailings dam types, is more susceptible to liquefaction. To investigate the effect of tailings on the impoundments, the research effort in this report determined four scenarios that affected the impoundment. Slide2, a two dimensional limit equilibrium based program was used to analyze four parametric conditions for predicting the failure of the impoundment. Each scenario represents a unique case where number of external and internal factors simulated the field condition. In addition to the safety factor, regression analysis was conducted to predict the future Factor of Safety by varying parameters such as cohesion, relative density, and friction angle. Analysis of the given scenarios showed significant sections of the dam stressed due to the weight of the tailings with high internal water level

Low Brillouin Scattering Optical Fibers and Formation Methods Thereof

Disclosed is an optical fiber formed from a preform that includes a clad component and a core component. The core component includes one or more precursor core materials. The precursor core materials and the clad materials are selected such that that the photoelastic constants of at least one precursor core material and the clad material are of opposite sign resulting in a final glass optical fiber of tailored Brillouin performance. The clad material may include an oxide glass having a positive photoelastic constant and the core component may include a precursor core material that has a negative photoelastic constant. During formation, the precursor core material can melt and interact with clad material that precipitates into the core to form a glass of at least one tailored Brillouin property, such as very low Brillouin gain

The “Good Practice” Training Philosophy in an International Psychotherapy Program

Die Lieblingslehrertrainingsphilosophie wurde mit einem narrativen Interview Strategie erforscht und mit Grounded Theory analysiert. Die Ergebnisse beschreiben, wie die Rolle der Kultur in der Psychotherapie konzeptualisiert wird und zeigt eine Anleitung für den Unterricht im Rahmen der Transformationspädagogik.Multicultural, indigenous and international movements in psychotherapy have raised numerous issues about cultural variables as essential considerations in mental-health research, training and practice. They have not, however, offered much guidance. The unique setting of the English-language International Psychotherapy Program at SFU in Austria provides an opportunity to investigate and describe the “good practice” training philosophy of international students’ favorite teachers. The three favorite teachers were chosen on the basis of quantitative elements of the international students’ survey in the first phase of the research. The favorite teachers’ training philosophy was explored with a narrative interview strategy and analyzed with grounded theory. Findings describe how they conceptualize the role of culture in psychotherapy and offer step-by-step guidance for teaching within the framework of transformative pedagogy

ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE PUBLIC UTILITY COMPANY “CITY MARKETS”

The aim of this paper is to highlight the important aspects that determine entrepreneurship and its importance to the economic development, it is their effects on the development of City Markets Co. This study was conducted using various methods such as analytical methods, interview and direct observation. In addition, hypothetical-deductive method, statistical methods and descriptive methods were also used. Data were obtained from different sources - the internal and electronic documentation of Public Utility Company (PUC) - City Markets, professional literature and the internet. The Public Utility Company City - Markets follows the rhythm of technological development intensively and adapts to the changing needs of consumers. These changes were primarily influenced by the appearance of supermarkets and megamarkets, the expansion of cashless payment system, credit cards and sprecific changes in habits, desires and tastes of customers. The Law on Communal Activities will open the possibility for cooperation with the private sector and various subcontractors, which will greatly contribute to the development strategy for the future development of market activity

How to be a Responsible Leader : Leadership Models in Comparison

The modern business environment requires much more from leaders than just generating profits. Rather, they ought to be responsible. This means that they shall find a way to link performance with corporate social responsibility. A stakeholder perspective instead of a plain economic orientation is the first step toward this goal. The best example of a stakeholder-oriented leader is the integrator, who truly cares for the needs of others. Although this type of leader keeps an eye on profits, he or she is in fact more interested in creating value for various stakeholders. Which competencies a leader needs to perform responsible leadership can be assessed with the help of the personality theory. This states that human personality is arranged according to several levels. These are built upon each other, ranging from physiology to competencies. Concerning the physiological level, neuroscientific research indicates that effective leadership is strongly connected to the functioning of the right brain hemisphere. Among other impacts, it is responsible for the capability of balancing concerns of multiple stakeholders. There are four more levels between the physiological and the competency level. These are: motives, values, skills, and specific behaviors. The goal of this thesis, which is to assess the essential competencies for responsible leadership, has resulted in the formation of a holistic model. According to this, the vital competencies for acting as a responsible leader are: • Cognitive Intelligence • Emotional Intelligence • Social Intelligence • Ethical Intelligence • Spiritual Intelligence It is advisable to make an effort to develop these to their full potential